Industrial Production, Estimation and Utilization of Atropine ( HINDI ) 

Industrial Production, Estimation and Utilization of Atropine ( HINDI )
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Synonym: Atropa, Datura, Deadly night shade leaf, Henbane
B. S.: Atropine obtained from the fresh or dried leaves & flowering tops of Atropa belladonna, Datura starmonium (NLT 0.25%) and Hyoscyamus niger (NLT 0.05%)
Family: Solanaceae
G. S.: It cultivated in England and other European Countries. In India, it is found in the western Himalayas from Simla to Kashmir, chiefly in forest of Sindh and China valley. Datura is found in Western Asia, North Africa, Europe and India.
Collection
The leaves are collected in dry weather in late summer. Next year plain reaches a height of 4ft. and during the flowering season, from 15th June to 15 July, plants are cut few inches above the ground and leaves and flowering tops are separated.
Macroscopy
Microscopy
Extraction and Isolation
Production of Phyto-constituents
The Regional research laboratory, Jammu has developed technique for production of total phyto chemical constituent. The total alkaloids are being extracted from the belladonna leave at the Drug factory of CIMAP, Jammu.
Extraction and Isolation
Method -1, 2 and 3
Identification Test
VITALIN - MORIN TEST
The atropine is treated with fuming nitric acid followed by evaporation to dryness and addition of methanolic potassium hydroxide solution to an acetone solution of nitrated residue. Violet colourization takes place due to tropane nucleus.
Identification Test by TLC
Chemistry:
Chemical constituents:
1. Tropane alkaloids (0.2-0.5%):
i. L-hyoscyamine (90%),
ii. D, L- hyoscyamine(Atropine)
iii. Scopolamine (10%),
iv. Apoatropine,
iv. Belladonnine (+).
Estimation:
ASSAY OF ATROPINE
Weigh accurately about 0.5gm and dissolve in 5ml of alcohol previously neutralized to solution of methyl red. Add 20ml of 0.1 HCl and titrate the excess of acid with 0.1N NaoH using methyl red as an indicator.
Non Aqueous titration:
Colorimetric Determination:
Utilization:
i. Mydriatic (dilation of the pupil).
ii. Antispasmodic (a drug that counteracts a sudden, violent, involuntary muscular contraction)
iii. Antimuscarinic effect (acts peripherally to produce parasympathetic inhibition).
iv. Antisialagogue (a drug that arrest the flow of excess of saliva)
v. Cerebral sedative (reduce excitement).
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