Inside the Bizarre Bubble Where Matter Goes Faster Than Light | Black Holes Part 5

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How a black hole's ergosphere may help us go faster than the speed of light.
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Опубликовано:

12 май 2022

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Комментарии : 962

@astrumspace 2 года назад

The final episode of this series is coming up... About the most intense region around a black hole - the accretion disk and relativistic jets! I hope to see you there! The first 100 people to download Endel at app.adjust.com/b8wxub6?campaign=astrum_may&adgroup=youtube will get a free week of audio experiences!

@-OBJ 2 года назад

Congrats on a million subs!

@gravoc857 2 года назад

Have you discussed the inner event horizon of a black hole on this series yet? If not, I’d love to see it! Thank you for these amazing videos :) For easier reference, it’s also called the Cauchy horizon.

@sincerewyd2285 2 года назад

I'm sorry but.. our Enery crises was made by us.. only because our ancestors elected fossil fuels over, sodium salt batteries, earth's natural resonances (pyramids&water halls) telsa had a good chance at making our planet utopian, but sadly it's a dysfunctional dystopia realm that we are in thanks too J.P Morgan. He was the one to supress Tesla and bells ingenuity.. infact in 1888 a car was built that ran of sodium salt and water.. go to your oldest library and look up the oldest books about mechanics u can find.. in Vancouver Canada there is a book that is dated back to 1792 and in that it read a man made a blimp with a giant "luminous spectacle that shown down upon his farm"... sounds much like a giant spot light too me

@sincerewyd2285 2 года назад

What if a black hole goes through a magnetic shift?

@FrankBurnham 2 года назад

Dude thank you. I listen to your films🪐 every night☄️ before bed about the moons of the gas giants. 🌙

@jolness1 2 года назад

The way a blackhole "stores" mass is one of the craziest parts of them for me. It's so unintuitive like everything else that is at the extremes of physics. Wild how the way things intuitively feel to us is destroyed when things get too small or too dense.

@thomasbarrack1384 2 года назад

Our intuition is only somewhat relevant when we think about the time, and size scale we inhabit. We can't really intuit very large or small systems.

@Dudleymiddleton 2 года назад

Aperture science! :)

@Dudleymiddleton 2 года назад

I remember learning about white dwarf material being as dense as say a golf ball of it being the same mass as the Earth - and this is real!

@thomasbarrack1384 2 года назад

@@Dudleymiddleton I think what you were trying to illustrate is the fact that it the earth were shrunk down to the size of a pool que ball. It would actually be 100 times smoother than said q ball, or something like that.

@jolness1 2 года назад

@@Dudleymiddleton the types of matter in large neutron stars even should be properly weird. I’m sure In 10yrs we will have a different understanding, I know somewhat recently we found a neutron star that was more massive than what we thought is possible. The little bit we know of these things is mind blowing and we barely have any grasp of them. That’s so exciting to me but also a little sad knowing that the true nature of things is probably much more strange and interesting.

@DragonKingGaav 2 года назад

Congrats on 1M subs!!!!!!!!!!!!

@makoyoverfelt3320 2 года назад

nobody deserves it more

@Cmoss114 2 года назад

It's almost serendipitous that my 2 favorite space science youtubers, astrum and anton petrov, both hit 1 million subs at nearly the exact same time. Congrats brotha

@walkermitchell4444 2 года назад

Hello 🤗

@jlet4ever Год назад

Subway is pretty popular

@realitynowassigned Год назад

"million point 2"

@a59x 2 года назад

Everytime i see a "confirmed" image of a blackhole i wonder what would Einstein's first words would be if he was here and now seeing an image of something beyond imagination that he predicted to be actually something that exists. It's incredible that we can snap a photograph of something so mysterious and so hard to spot.

@stefankatsarov5806 2 года назад

Wasnt he the person that predicted black holes didnt exist. He predicted the existence of worm holes ( there is a theory that black and whit holes are worm holes ).

@benjaminlin6214 2 года назад

I read Epstein and was confused.

@rogerparker5962 2 года назад

“Yup”

@SomeAustrianPainter 2 года назад

He wouldn’t care; because by now, he’d be devoted to finally proving that pee is stored in the balls.

@shunnie8482 2 года назад

@@stefankatsarov5806 using his equations he predicted the existence of black holes but because it was so bizarre he didnt believe that it existed. Think of it like white holes in our time, we know that it should exist but we havent observed any and it seems bizarre to think about

@cykkm 2 года назад

A couple of notes and corrections. 01:45 It's not right to think of a BH as "an object" in space, or even in spacetime: _It's not in anyone's past light cone, thus _*_causally_*_ impossible to observe,_ except indirectly, by its acting on matter that is! This maybe _kinda_ OK but comes dangerously close to transgressing the Einstein's adage that an explanation ought to be as simple as possible, but no simpler. This is not a pedantic statement, it's important to understand. 03:15 A theoretical charged BH is not creating an intrinsic magnetic field. I'd rather say "think of it as a giant comb that has charged from your combing your hair." No doubt, Alex knows the difference between the electrostatic and magnetic fields; it's just a slip of the tongue. 03:20 No, scientists don't track BH charges by observing charged test particles. There is no evidence of charged black holes existing. If there were a mechanism creating charged BHs, there is just too much ionized matter in the Universe for any BH to have had lost its charge in an astronomical instant by attracting charges of the right sign. Also, observations of BHs are very indirect-from BH interacting with the rest of the Universe, like accreting matter or having a star as a binary companion, etc.-and there are almost no “objects known to have a charge” that could help such an observation. And if a charged BH dwells somewhere in the deep intergalactic space where there is almost no matter to neutralize its charge, we could not observe it, precisely for the lack of interaction. In the end, a charged BH is akin to the Russel's teapot: physically possible but practically unobservable. Same 04:10, you don't need to factor in charge, real BHs have none. 04:40 There is no evidence of micro BHs. It has to be said explicitly that they are only theorized. There are even smaller ones, in theory, with the mass of a mountain and the size of a proton. GR is a classical, non-quantized theory, so in it you can have as large or small a BH as you want. 07:05 The Kerr's ring singularity also has zero volume, it's infinitely thin. The ring shape is a _solution to the geometry_ of spacetime warped by stress-energy field with spin, but is not necessary to _define_ spin. A point singularity could in principle have an angular momentum, just like it has a mass and energy in the non-rotating case. And, as Alex duly notes later, infinite density is non-physical. It's the theory that breaks down at this scale, not necessarily spacetime. 07:15 There are things much stranger than with traveling backward in time inside the horizon, if you consider the fact that timelike geodesics become spacelike there, and, conversely, spacelike geodesics turn timelike. Now _that_ is unimaginably strange. The singularity is more akin to "place" in time than in space: however you move, it's in your future time. In your _kind of_ 3-dimensional future time. +1000 internets if you can image this "inside-out" spacetime, where time and space trade places. I cannot. 08:00 “As we travel from the center of the black hole, we pass through event horizon.” 🤦 This makes no sense, it is impossible. It's the defining feature of the black hole and the horizon. There is no direction "out" inside the horizon: the essential singularity is in the future from any event in that spacetime. Alex describes it backwards: as you fall into a BH, an outside observer sees your clock asymptotically slowing down to a halt, so that it never sees you crossing the horizon; it only observes how you become sluggish and redshift into oblivion in the infinite limit (all photons you emit approach infinite _z_ at the horizon). Boy, how this brain fart could have only happened! He indeed gave the right picture in the previous videos, and more than once! 09:20 It must be noted that the lightlike geodesics curling in on themselves around a BH are divergent, i.e. the "shell of light" is in an unstable equilibrium, like a pencil balanced standing on its point. It's not like light is trapped there forever; any spacetime perturbation (e.g., accreting matter) releases the trapped light. So no, its unlikely that light can accumulate for "millions of years" there. 10:00 to 11:50 There are no frames of reference in nature, it's an imaginary prop to do calculations. GR is a background-free theory. _It is the very spacetime itself that flows not only "into" the EH, but also "sideways" around a spinning mass._ Alex did mention that at the start, but then switched to assigning supraluminal motion to frames, which is confusing, as if it were a coordinate effect. “Frame dragging” is really an unfortunate misnomer. BTW, any angular momentum causes it; the rotating Earth is also dragging spacetime with it. It's a tiny effect, but has been measured: first, IIRC, from the Gravity Probe A and B satellites data, further enhanced by LAGEOS I and II; google up "Lense-Thirring effect."

@kennedymwangi5973 2 года назад

Man, i noticed a few more bloops but thanks for highlighting the major ones. A video like this can be very misleading for someone who is actually trying to understand.

@ivarbrouwer197 2 года назад

Great additions, thnx! As to imagining space time inside out: I imagine the pressure on reality/time becoming so big that it allows stacking matter on the same space time axis. to do this a fifth axis might be locally created by pressuring more in one volume: so, because matter has no more ways to compactify, the only way is to use time as a physical attribute. (Sort of can visualize it, by having a triangle: quantum physics says there’s always an angle but a black hole transforms that triangle into a line: there’s no way anymore for the required variations to make time go into any direction: and the direction would always be forward) (I’m helped by a visual mind and no mathematical background, so I might mis something’s entirely)

@japan1001ify 2 года назад

Thank you for clearing this up

@jondunmore4268 Год назад

You blew my mind more than the video. Excellent thinking. They are using "understandable" concepts in their descriptions of these indescribable items.

@attractivegd9531 Год назад

Can't there be also BH that have very small density (I'm talking less than the density of water for example) but super huge size?

@Pappy_1775 Год назад

There was a sci-fi novel I believed was called "For Love of Mother Not" in which a tiny black hole is formed by a spaceship in front of itself, and like the proverbial carrot on a stick, the ship would fall into the black hole while also maintaining its distance in front of the ship. I've always kept that idea in mind whenever I hear of the possibility of going faster than light.

@alexdevey3188 Год назад

yeah, like causing whorl pool and keeping close enough for forward momentum.

@rossmcleod7983 2 года назад

What absolutely gobsmacks me is just how smart some people are that can get a handle on this. Extraordinary stuff, fantastic presentation, thankyou.

@matthewphilpott1702 2 года назад

Have you ever dared to read the mathmatical mechanics of a theoretical black hole's electro-magnetic fluctuation fields when it interacts with an m-theory neutron star? Its absolutely insane. I have a deep love for anyone with the patience to work out these insane long equations, graphs and physical mechanics of it all.

@poppacapps5573 2 года назад

Awe shucks.thanks.

@rossmcleod7983 2 года назад

@@matthewphilpott1702 if you were to ask me how best to propagate tuberous begonias or catch a trout from the local creeks - I’m your man. I don’t know how a toaster works….full credit to those that do.

@Eremon1 2 года назад

I believe the Alcubierre drive operates on a principle similar to if not the same as Frame Dragging. With enough energy it's mathematically possible to warp the fabric of space-time in such a way as to basically be falling forward into the warped space-time stretched in front of the vessel while the rear of it would have compressed space-time essentially pushing it. This requires a level of energy that we are no where near close to making at this point in time.

@kjbaran 2 года назад

With this technology, my spacecraft could look like a home in the suburbs as space-time would be the vehicle moving it.

@21Strikerz 2 года назад

sounds like something bob lazar said.

@ckdigitaltheqof6th210 2 года назад

"Level of energy no where near" ...well than, why question the possibility, since one cannot prove it doesn't wotk🤨, That is what String theariest get rightous like. I will say, it would be the most massive structure naturally, to use like a time machine, but not the only way.

@ckdigitaltheqof6th210 2 года назад

@@21Strikerz Bob *Lizard* ? The Zeta technology capturing imbasitor? ( 😆) yes, might know much. ....so which one was "Robert?"🤔 ....🤫

@Grak70 2 года назад

Not only do you need massive amounts of energy, but this idea won’t function without exotic matter having negative mass.

@dmitrychirkov4206 2 года назад

When I was a kid, I read Harry Harrisons's "Bill, the Galactic Hero". It's a short sci-fi strory from 1965. It mostly revolves around humour (pretty good one), politics, personal and social problems. Very recommended. In this strory the interstellar travels described as stretching the spaceship itself to the size of a universe and more and then re-assembling it to the point of destination. Like a rubber band, that you may stretch between your hands without actually moving it and then just release one of the hands. Every time when I hear that scientists talk about the impossibility of traveling faster than light, I always think about universe's inflation, black holes existence and this fictional analogy. It's better than just giving up the whole idea for me.

@drerbrerard130 2 года назад

"You might wonder how we know these things" -That right there is what makes this channel better than the rest

@srb20012001 2 года назад

Properly speaking, a black hole is not an object in space. It's rather a region marking the end of local spacetime geodesics.

@katchaontheflipside 2 года назад

I was thinking about this too. But a black hole can grow larger. Which makes it an object i think

@cykkm 2 года назад

@@katchaontheflipside Any theory can define objects however it pleases. Objects do not exist in the world outside of theories that carve them out of observable reality. What makes BH suspiciously unlike most other things called “objects” in physics is that they are acausal: there are no observers that have the BH in their past light cones, thus, in itself, unobservable in principle. We can observe its effects on events within our spacetime, and thus on "normal" objects, but not the BH itself.

@katchaontheflipside 2 года назад

@@cykkm As ur saying it an object only exists when it is observed. That theory falls apart on larger then quantum scale. The mass of a BH is causal to its gravitational impact. Just like a sun, planet, etc. The spacetime gets contorted by the object, not the other way around.

@phoule76 2 года назад

Thanks for mentioning that the size of the actual BH is really the Planck Length point at its center, and when we talk about a BH's size or mass, we're really referring to all the junk in its event horizon.

@cykkm 2 года назад

It does not have to be on the order of the Planck length. We know that all theories break at this scale, that's true. But nobody knows if GR wouldn't break down at, say, the scale of 10¹² the P.l. We don't have a _small_ scale gravity theory, and don't even know how small is this _small._ And we never probed Nature experimentally even at this much larger scale.

@quantumtacos 2 года назад

Agree, but similarly it's worth pointing out that we don't yet know if either of those things is sure yet either. In fact we know that quantum mechanics does not accurately describe gravity at the planck length, and we know with reasonable presumption that the current solutions of general relativity do not accurately describe spacetime at the event horizon. In the case of quantum gravity it's because current theory simply makes no attempt to describe it, and for general relativity at the event horizon it's more or less the same: we use the Schwarzschild metric to describe the spacetime around the event horizon, and since that metric assumes that the observer is infinitely far away from the black hole, it's no surprise that some other infinities pop out in the results. We mostly presume that the happenings directly around the event horizon are much more mundane than existing calculations suggest, but it turns out that tensor calculus is very time-consuming and so nobody has yet calculated the Christoffel symbols to produce a metric tensor that would describe what the spacetime would typically look like around a typical black hole from a typical planet at some typical distance away.

@justdave9610 2 года назад

@@quantumtacos that's typically how it works out to be under typical conditions

@jengleheimerschmitt7941 2 года назад

...the event horizon it what has a diameter. It has nothing to do with "junk". The event horizon is what defines the BH. The supposed singularity doesn't have a size. It's not a Planck sized thing, it's a matematical singularity. ...as far as we know.

@justdave9610 2 года назад

@@jengleheimerschmitt7941 there isn't typically any junk or mass in the event horizon area either except when the B-hole is actively accreting it. Otherwise it is all in the point like center we call the singularity though physically it's very likely an aproximation and not actually infinitely dense but that's my opinion because no one knows or ever will know for certain I think

@adventureswithdogs2251 2 года назад

One of the most fascinating subjects on space! Black holes are changing the way we think about much of the universe. It seems that the more we learn, the more we realize just how little we really know! Congratulations on your new subscriber count- well deserved. I know just how much work you put into your videos.

@jennyanydots2389 2 года назад

I thought this video was going to be about a different kind of black hole. (_)_):::::::::D--- -- -

@ogre706 2 года назад

This series on black holes is truly amazing. Your entire channel for that matter is wonderful! 👍

@DanielAppleton-lr9eq 9 месяцев назад

It's better by an order of several magnitudes than a lot of video series dealing with physics, astronomy & related areas.

@jibreelgonzalous319 2 года назад

I get the frames or reference point, but I’ve been thinking that that speed would only be kept within the ergosphere. What moves an object within the ergosphere faster than light is the space that’s dragging it - kinda like a Alcubierre drive right? If that’s the case, no momentum is actually being given to the ship right. If momentum was being added it would then be able to go faster than light, as in the matter itself would be moving the speed of light not just the ship from an outside perspective. If that’s the case wouldn’t it mean that as soon as you leave the ergosphere your relative speed would be the same as when you entered? Your actual speed would never go up since there isn’t a sustained effect like their is in the ergosphere. When I watched the kurzgesagt video on this I kinda had the impression it was slowing the rotation of the black hole and giving it to whatever entered and exited the ergosphere (so like slowing down the rotation of the space). But even then I’m still confused on how it does that. Like how it transfers the energy. I don’t know I’m probably misunderstanding something about how it works. So I mean feel free to correct me on how I’m thinking 🤷🏿‍♀️

@KYDONSHADOW 2 года назад

I was actually thinking this same thing, no energy is being given to you by the frame of reference being drug so you shouldn't leave with any more energy than you would've had outside the ergosphere. If you can manipulate the frame of reference around your ship however then you basically have an Alcubierre Drive and your local speed will be amplified relativisticly

@MrRobertX70 2 года назад

You’re correct. This “faster than light speed” title is simply click bait.

@jibreelgonzalous319 2 года назад

@@MrRobertX70 I mean I get the ftl part since I mean that’s basically what warp is but I’m just saying I don’t think you could get any actual energy out of it

@cykkm 2 года назад

“I don’t think you could get any actual energy out of it” - I don't want to sound like I'm appealing to authority, but if Penrose thinks you can, then the idea probably requires a more careful consideration. In the Penrose process, an object enters the ergosphere then divides into two: one part falls into the BH, another leaves the ergosphere. In Alex's thought experiment, it's the rocket exhaust that falls into the BH (he should have been more explicit about it), and the rocket escapes. Now consider angular momentum conservation: the infalling part reduces the BH angular momentum, since you're in the dragged rotating spacetime so that its a.m. contribution is negative (you only borrow the extra momentum when enter the ergosphere). The part that leaves the spinning spacetime must carry the excess away. It's this simple, qualitatively. And you're right, the FTL part is irrelevant.

@Dragrath1 2 года назад

The problem with this whole concept that @Astrum missed is that light in GR doesn't change in speed under frame dragging rather it changes in energy. This is generally true for anything under frame dragging but light has no mass and so it only varies in frequency or wavelength. The speed of light speed isn't really a speed in this context but a geometric conversion constant between the dimensions of space and time in spacetime. You can't move FTL this way but you can boost the energy of light an effect which has likely been observed around a supermassive black hole. The Penrose process can however be exploited by using a laser in a precise orbit which brings the laser right back to you where it can in principal be reabsorbed forming a drive which can accelerate a craft sizably by drawing angular momentum from a black hole to reach significant fractions of the speed of light regardless of the mass of your spaceship (so long a sit is much less than the mass of the black hole) in what Dr. Kipping calls the Halo drive. This lets you get energy from the black hole but you are not moving FTL merely taking energy from the black hole. Frame dragging effects energy and time dilation too so the odd effects all cancel out as a whole beyond the transfer of energy.

@LordHarvestA Год назад

I've been an avid admirer of Black Holes since I was a wee lad. It went from fascination and awe as a child, to awe and desire to know more as a teenager, to desire to know more and anxiety considering the possibilities of the unknown as a young adult, to understanding more and not having any fear/anxiety of them now. I'm excited to learn more and know more without the fear of the unknown crushing, spacetime condensing abyss' of the universe. Thank for this wonderful series!

@johnnymitnick 2 года назад

Love you astrum. These are wild topics youre exploring, much respect. Space stuff is so cool

@davinawonderling9361 2 года назад

John, I stand in awe of it all, too! 😊

@walkermitchell4444 2 года назад

@@davinawonderling9361 hello 👋

@walkermitchell4444 2 года назад

Hello 🤗

@LDSG_A_Team 2 года назад

Congrats, Astrum! It's been a journey

@marksainsbury2422 2 года назад

Dude! You're amazing. Loving this series and what I am picking up/learning. Veritasium covered gravity and frames of reference. Your discussion of it in this context and over the past episodes just opened more insights and has helped me to get a better idea of some of the concepts which (at this level) are heaps more accessible than I had imagined. All your stuff is great!

@C4rn1fex01 2 года назад

Thank you so much for your videos. They help me more than I can describe.

@adastra5346 2 года назад

A well deserved congratulations on the 1M subscribers. Well done. These objects are absolutely fascinating.

@RcsN505 2 года назад

Another great video. You are a true scientist, humbly recognizing how ideas change and evolve.

@theg.c.142 2 года назад

Another great video. Thank you Alex and team.

@mijoepa 2 года назад

Love seeing how far you’ve come man! Congrats on 10^6 subs :D

@pauls5745 Год назад

1.17E6

@freddyjosereginomontalvo4667 2 года назад

Awesome channel with awesome content and great quality 🌍💯

@yendorelrae5476 2 года назад

Thanks for this new video! I really like your information and the way you present it. I love the 5 part black hole playlist.

@GRAHAMESIMPSON 2 года назад

Congratulations on 1m subscribers - your videos are so informative they are always a pleasure to watch

@charlesmulhern3349 2 года назад

You’re awesome, dude. 👍 Thank you for these incredible videos and observations. ✨

@walkermitchell4444 2 года назад

Hello 🤗

@baco1182 2 года назад

How lucky are we to be able to watch Astrum videos!!!

@kmatcyk 2 года назад

Congratulations. Thank you so much for the hard work and getting outside the box

@soth1sol 2 года назад

thank you for this offering. one of my absolute favorite youtube channels. i tell everyone.

@stephanieparker1250 2 года назад

Amazing video! I loved the info about frame dragging, I learned something! And as always, fantastic graphics 🙌

@walkermitchell4444 2 года назад

Hello 🤗

@holyhumane 2 года назад

Astrum congratulations for 1million sub 😁👍

@grizzlybearzzz2824 Год назад

Incredibly well researched love your channel

@zebrawings22 2 года назад

I love black holes! Thank you for this great info. I love your voice!

@truthsmiles 2 года назад

4:37 - Wait a second… so it’s theoretically possible something the size of a grain of sand, yet with the mass of the moon could be in our solar system right now? Would we know or be able to detect it? What if it hit the Earth? Would it be like the moon hitting us or would it just punch a microscopic hole right through? Or would Earth get sucked into it?

@greenl7661 2 года назад

Don't worry they don't exist outside of theory

@ArawnOfAnnwn Год назад

Theoretically yeah, they can go as small as you like. However tiny black holes like that would radiate away in an instant via Hawking Radiation pretty much as soon as they're formed, so you'd never see it. If they exist, you'd only see a tiny flash of radiation as they disappear - if you're really lucky. If a somewhat larger (but still small in volume) and so more long-lasting black hole were to hit Earth, it'd plow right through the planet like a bullet. PBS Spacetime has an entire video on this scenario.

@anonymous-rb2sr Год назад

@truthsmiles it's true that something that weighs as much as the moon in the volume of space of a grain of sand would be quite dense, but don't worry, it wouldn't be anywhere near as dense as you for thinking we could have missed something weighing as much as the fucking moon in the solar system

@anonymous-rb2sr Год назад

@@greenl7661 the hallmark of all great theories, when they're so incoherent that you begin to claim your mathematical errors are physical objects

@pauls5745 Год назад

@@anonymous-rb2sr but here we talk about measurable effects, and it's safe to say none are anywhere close to our system

@benmcreynolds8581 2 года назад

I can't help but wonder if black holes can act like "great recycling machines" in the universe, that transfer matter into (converted gas/dust/atomic molecular building blocks type of substance) Maybe something like that is what we consider a "big bang type event?" Or black holes could recycle into other far regions of our own universe that is beyond our reach of observation due to the limitations of the speed of light constrictons OR possibly black holes share matter to regions that are considered another universe? I've always enjoyed hypothesizing the analogy of "Bubble's of Oil in Water- or water droplets on a spiderweb" where each bubble is it's own universe, that can interact/bump into each other, have black holes connect from 1 to another. Maybe each universe is randomly generated to certain laws of it's physics. Some stable, some not. That's just how I like to enjoy it. Or it could just be this one universe, is it just this one growing evolving changing universe? Could black holes, neutron stars, pulsars, quasars, super nova's, have enough power in certain aspects of physics, that they do things we have yet to comprehend what comes from those immense energy output's of electromagnetic fields, Gravity Wells, concentrated radiation, gamma rays, pressures, temperatures and temperature differences, friction, static charges, velocity's, density's on scales we can't even remotely comprehend even in our best super computers. I'm just messing around with ideas. Im in no way saying I know anything. What I do know is nature never ceases to amaze me. So I will not be surprised to get further surprised at what we continue to learn about this spacious void we live in that has vast amounts of something, even in those voids of space that we thought contained nothing. It's all just facinating, Nature has this way of surpassing my imaginations creativity. It always finds a way to convert things in order to not waste things. Everytime I dive into the micro world, or zoom out and observe the greater manner a specific ecosystem functions, I'm continuously finding myself surprised at how Nature functions, the depth to the complexity is endless, no matter how far you zoom in or zoom out, it's filled with immense detail and beauty, it really is. ♻️🌲🍂🪵🍄🌱🌹🥀♻️

@Jay0neDE 2 года назад

man I typed a similar comment. and while I'm usually not a fan of the big bang theory this would make total sense. the implication being that the big bang was not the beginning. merely _a_ beginning of our cycle.

@jennyanydots2389 2 года назад

My girlfriend's black hole transfers matter into the toilet really efficiently. It's like there's a big bang in the bathroom twice, sometimes three times a day. The smell is really something you have to deal with firsthand to truly appreciate.

@bluesakura2092 Год назад

wow I think that black holes recycle as well, since matter cannot just be erased like that. I believe that black holes teleport everything they suck in, perhaps black holes contribute to the eternal expansion of the universe. Maybe everything black holes suck in, is added to the outer most reaches of the universe expanding?

@bluesakura2092 Год назад

One of the last ages of the Universe will be when all stars of high mass explode into black holes. Eventually causing there to be more black holes than actual planets or stars…., Until finally it is only black holes left to begin merging to eachother. The last part of this final age in the Universe will be when the last 2 mega black holes are left in the end, and they will orbit eachother and once they merge, the power that will be unleashed will be stronger than anything existence will ever, EVER produce… Creating the big bang. A cycle… of Nature. This is my theory on how the Universe dies and is reborn for all eternity. There will never be anything powerful enough to stop the eternal birth and death of the Universe. It is infinite for all eternity. And black holes will be the end, and the beginning, of the next Big Bang, and the next Universe…

@anonymous-rb2sr Год назад

strange, I tried reading your post and only heard monkey noises, then I used my universal translator and it also only outputed monkey noises! poor thing must be broken😆🙈

@jamescaldwell2357 2 года назад

Congratz on the 1M subs. Great science channel.

@paulwalsh2344 2 года назад

As per usual, a really excellent video, Mr. McColgan !

@zippythinginvention 2 года назад

It seems to me that when black holes merge, their singularities would actually not ever encounter each other. That would explain the spin of a black hole. No matter how massive a black hole gets and how many mergers occur, the singularities are simply orbiting each other, within the event horizon. In that case, the event horizon would not necessarily be spherical at all. It might well be a pulsating blob. Also, on account of time dilation, objects falling (or orbiting) into a black hole would essentially never reach the singularity either, making the space just inside the event horizon very crowded, indeed.

@matgeezer2094 2 года назад

Neutron stars spin impressively fast, and they're the most similar objects to black holes, but cause their escape velocities are less than the speed of light we can still gain information about them. But the idea that the singularities might not merge but would orbit instead, that's an interesting idea. Also, not really connected, but doesn't quantum theory limit minimum sizes, wouldn't a singularity instead be 'plankh' sized (that's about 10^-42 metre)

@zippythinginvention 2 года назад

@@matgeezer2094 I think such a small object would have very little rotational influence over the macroscopic world. It's a matter of 'leverage.' Whereas, multiple singularities, in proximity, would have greater tidal influences. This does raise the question: does a black hole without an accretion disk have any rotational influence at all? It would seem like in such a situation, any new object approaching the black hole would go into whatever orbit was designated by its trajectory. Of course it's all impossible to know these answers with current technology. Fun to think about though.

@matgeezer2094 2 года назад

@@zippythinginvention it might be physically small but it's extremely massive (heavy)

@zippythinginvention 2 года назад

@@matgeezer2094 yep

@kuwaitisnotadeployment1373 2 года назад

Man i always have so many questions. Like how is it possible for something with the mass of our moon and the minuscule gravity it excerts to overpower the strong nuclear force and collapse into a macro black hole? I can't wrap my head around that. I understand its done at cern by smashing stuff together at near light speed but that still doesn't make sense to me. I mean stars do that to create energy and the atoms don't collapse into black holes they just fuse into heavier elements while releasing energy. Idk i need to find a astrophysicist and befriend them i guess.

@astrumspace 2 года назад

Micro black holes have never actually been observed, and are very short-lived even if they do exist, but they are theoretically possible.

@jonshaffer6552 2 года назад

I think I get what you're saying if you could create a singularity that could push space and begin to frame-dragging and then you could create a motor without friction and at the speed of light

@HeatherSaltas Год назад

Hi! I went back through your videos to find the other parts of this black hole series, but couldn’t find part 4…am I missing it? Thanks for your videos! Iim fascinated by black holes!

@kryts27 2 года назад

Accelation (of a space ship) due to frame dragging has it's own unique problems. If you have mass, then the massive change in acceleration produces massive forces that may pull apart the spaceship; F=ma.If the spaceship survives this and moves away from the black hole accelerator at very high speeds, then you have another problem. Every hydrogen atom in space you smash into (and there are many in a cubic metre of space) produces radiation of the ionizing (hard radiation kind), in a kind of Bremstrahlung effect, as the target (the spaceship's atoms) moves at very high kinetic velocities in the electrons rest space of the stationary hydrogen atoms in space. A kind of reverse of accelerated electrons hitting a hard tungsten target in an x-ray tube.

@someonerandom704 2 года назад

this makes me wonder if it's possible to solve this via a massive electromagnetic field that could act as a net to slow down the atoms relative to the spacecraft

@walkermitchell4444 2 года назад

Hello 👋

@justdave9610 2 года назад

Those are all certainly words

@pauls5745 Год назад

yeah we need to avoid getting spaghettified

@CMAzeriah 2 года назад

Humanity: *Discovers black holes can bend reality* Also humanity: Develops psychic powers

@zacharypolk115 2 года назад

Thanks so much for making your videos.

@zam6877 2 года назад

This put together elements of understanding I had and then adding the charge aspect This helped drag my tiny pointy brain a little further in understanding, like, stuff Thanks

@christinebethencourt6197 2 года назад

Your level of knowledge and explanations are worthy of sir David Butler 👍👍👍👍✨

@matgeezer2094 2 года назад

As you approach the event horizon wouldn't the photons from the universe become increasingly blue shifted? Because of gaining gravitational energy and the effect of your time dilation. This could become extreme, light would become progressively ultraviolet, then X ray, then Gamma ray. Wouldn't you be fried by this light as you got close to the event horizon?

@addajjalsonofallah6217 2 года назад

Probably

@cykkm 2 года назад

But you're in a freefalling frame! It's locally just like any freefalling frame, which is the foundational postulate of GR, and your observations are no different.

@krystiangeldon7929 2 года назад

Relativity

@matgeezer2094 2 года назад

@@walkermitchell4444 hi, what's up?

@matgeezer2094 2 года назад

@@walkermitchell4444 no I live in the UK. Whereabouts in the States do you live?

@tomas6179 2 года назад

Really interesting video, love everything about black holes 🕳

@llahneb10 2 года назад

Excellent video, thanks!

@HBosman 2 года назад

Truly awesome stuff. But then again, I wish somebody could bend space, go there, take real close-up pics, escape the gravity.. and return to show us :P

@quantumtacos 2 года назад

No worries mate, the laws of physics allow that! Unfortunately due to time dilation you'll have to wait a bit before they return with their results. Supposing they pop down to right at the event horizon, spend 10 seconds doing photography, then pop right back to Earth, you'll just need to wait about 10,000 years between when they pop away and when they pop back. Time dilation hurts! DX

@gabrielletedara2662 2 года назад

Thanks for the documentary...., keep me sleep well while listenning to it......,

@SoundzAlive1 Год назад

I am always amazed with the fact that space is freezing cold and that stars and black holes are so hot. André

@lianaa170 Год назад

Clear story, straight to the point. Good job!

@brotheraleksej 2 года назад

1 million, you deserve it! I love these videos about one of, if not the most interesting entity in our Universum. Thanks and may nothing but happiness come thru your door. 🖖

@jengleheimerschmitt7941 2 года назад

He absolutely does not deserve it.

@Kilgorebass7 2 года назад

Nice video, it's rare I hear something new, thanks!

@raidermaxx2324 2 года назад

its pretty rad how i can watch your videos in 4K.. not many creators upload to give us that resolution, so thank you Astrum

@JimmysOldTimeRadioShow 2 года назад

Congratulations on 1M subs...amazing!

@shaundurant7415 Год назад

Excellent episode!

@bledlbledlbledl Год назад

0:31 using a quantum singularity as a power source reminds me of a Star Trek TNG episode (1993) about the Romulan Artificial Quantum Singularity Drive, which used a very very tiny singularity to provide power for their ship.

@HodorsLeftShoe 2 года назад

Another great video

@NorthernChev 2 года назад

I bought the Raycons with your code last week. You are the only RU-vidr I’ve ever done that for.

@anuragpandey4166 2 года назад

Very nice explanation

@Dudleymiddleton 2 года назад

9:32 I remember having a screensaver like that in my earlier days - windows 98 I seem to remember!

@frankiecalabro2617 Год назад

Such a great channel!!

@cjustintoekes2285 2 года назад

Beautiful video.

@Joao-uj9km 2 года назад

Great video, thank you so much

@walkermitchell4444 2 года назад

Hello 👋

@cyankirkpatrick5194 2 года назад

This is 😍🤩 and congratulations on your milestone 🎊🎉💐🌟 and this every time this happens if I get a watch a certain number battery comes up every time 377 no joke, and if I start liking something and all of a sudden it's popular, strange. Or is it or is the universe aligned with me 🙃🤔😒😳🤨🤨

@Simon_Jakle__almost_real_name 2 года назад

Tremendous and impressively narrated, Alex McHogan, like you would become the David Attenborough of aspects of space. I know thousands of chunks of knowlegde hardly anyone uses and i'd wonder how you tighten that content in such an entertainology or what the astouned might would grasp words for. You must consist of more than one person or something. An universe you'd bend for there would never occur an end ;)

@brunostudley2191 2 года назад

What if you enter the black hole exactly in the center, would that stop you being destroyed and fire you out into an alternate universe!?? Or another universe, or another part of our universe??! Love this channel ❤️

@Astromath 2 года назад

What do you mean by entering it "in the center"? The event horizon is spherical

@walkermitchell4444 2 года назад

Hello 🤗

@carpemkarzi 2 года назад

Cool 1 mil subs..well done and very well deserved

@RTomassi 2 года назад

Watching this video, I realised that I am a little like a black hole. Not very massive, but very dense indeed. I barely grasp these concepts even after watching so many of your videos. I love them tho, so please keep them coming! 💙

@zygmundzygmundowski 2 года назад

Thank you!

@skybluespace22 2 года назад

Alex, you are a master teacher.

@walkermitchell4444 2 года назад

Hello 👋

@ruperterskin2117 2 года назад

Cool vid. Thanks for sharing.

@walkermitchell4444 2 года назад

Hello 🤗

@HappyCamper84 2 года назад

Its hard to imagine anything escaping a black whole..but energy. I gotta hear this! :D

@irfanmahmudrifat 2 года назад

Great Video ❤️

@nonamename638 2 года назад

1 mln subscribers! Congratulation :).

@stephanieparker1250 2 года назад

Alex, you’re amazing 🙌😊

@stevebrown8163 2 года назад

Thank you

@bimblinghill 2 года назад

If I understand correctly, the frame-dragging is exploited by the 'halo drive', outlined by Prof Kipping on the Cool Worlds channel. If flying a spaceship through the extreme environment near a spinning black hole seems too much, consider instead firing a laser beam round it. It comes back with more energy than you gave it, allowing you to tap into a practically inexhaustible source of energy and thrust.

@TheMasonX23 2 года назад

Correct, dragging the light around and accelerating it, but because light can't move any faster, it gets blue shifted. Stealing angular momentum from behemoth supermassive black holes to go faster haha. Super cool concept and another great channel!

@justdave9610 2 года назад

The energy is extracted from the black holes angular momentum so while it's a seemingly limitless ocean of energy it's still not even relatively close to being infinite

@bimblinghill 2 года назад

@@justdave9610 It's not infinite, but so huge that human activity would barely make a dent in it, which is why I said 'practically inexhaustible '

@stephenwise3635 2 года назад

So nice to hear your voice, cheers pal :) x

@walkermitchell4444 2 года назад

Hello 👋

@-JeffreyDahmer- 2 года назад

Man I love my mind being blown. I love the cosmos so much

@benjaminroberts1496 2 года назад

Thanks!

@TheRilluma 2 года назад

Hey @Astrum Black holes should have elerectric current ring / donut around them. roughly said made of lighthing,? Thats why in the video of 20 timelapse the 'blackhole' blinks.

@vmwindustries 2 года назад

Letting the commercials run, so I can help support the channel. :) Fantastic work!

@jennyanydots2389 2 года назад

Thanks for letting everyone know! So much virtue in you thank you for signaling us to its presence!!

@raywood8187 2 года назад

The fictional static warp bubble used in Star Trek comes to mind, maybe something like this will found to make use of a type of Frame Dragging. A phenomenal amount of energy would be needed to create one but I think answers are out there somewhere.

@yendorelrae5476 2 года назад

You theoretically could tell the difference between two black holes of the same mass, spin, and electric charge if quantum entanglement has been set up for one or those black holes are entangled with each other.

@FBharvest 2 года назад

Fascinating!!!

@Kurai_69420 Год назад

"Frame-dragging" sounds like irl speedrun tech

@mentalplayground Год назад

Love it!

@river5494 2 года назад

I've never commented here, but I wanted to congratulate for reaching 1mil subs ☺️

@danielspinel3360 Год назад

am I the only one to experience existential dread and anxiety watching this? (Incredible videos btw!)

@auntvesuvi3872 2 года назад

Thanks, Alex! ⚫

@codyhughes1147 Год назад

Ive thought before about black holes being like a whirl pool in water. And with the way galaxies move and stars exploding it moves space around like waves and currents hitting each other. Idk, its a fun thought though.

@Dudleymiddleton 2 года назад

I seem to remember also watching a video - might have been you - about superluminal velocities in nebulae?

@pguti778 2 года назад

So good!!!!

@maryt7959 2 года назад

True …. It’s exciting . 👏

@powderedphantom5765 Год назад

8:30 the event horizon is actually sorronded by blackness.because of something to do with the photon sphere. So even after getting out of the even horizon you’d still have to go ~2-3 Schwartzshild radii before the blackness stoped