Introduction to reaction mechanisms | Alkenes and Alkynes | Organic chemistry | Khan Academy

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Introduction to Reaction Mechanisms . Addition reaction to an alkene. Created by Sal Khan.
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Organic Chemistry on Khan Academy: Carbon can form covalent bonds with itself and other elements to create a mind-boggling array of structures. In organic chemistry, we will learn about the reactions chemists use to synthesize crazy carbon based structures, as well as the analytical methods to characterize them. We will also think about how those reactions are occurring on a molecular level with reaction mechanisms. Simply put, organic chemistry is like building with molecular Legos. Let's make some beautiful organic molecules!
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Опубликовано:

8 сен 2024

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Комментарии : 169

@kushagrasharma6541 5 лет назад

That bromine had a very interesting story arc.

@TheMsg911 11 лет назад

I'm disgusted that I spent so much for schooling, yet your intuition and teaching is not only free, but exceptional. Thank you once again !

@sumiatheangel9397 8 лет назад

Let us all devote a minute of silence in thanksgiving to Salman Khan and Rob Green, the two reasons that we can all pass our college classes. ~Reus Vult Ave Sumia, Pegasus Breeder and Root Beer Connoisseur

@haunter8o6 7 лет назад

Because teachers at school just don't wanna do their job.

@pradipchaterjee9576 2 года назад

Even just for curiosity it's great I'm BTW a high school student

@jeremybathan1814 5 лет назад

9 years later, and it still helps UP students get that much beloved 1.0 grade. Thanks so much.

@MillerDenmark 11 лет назад

If i was a multimillionaire i would make sure that these videos became known throughout the whole world. Damn you explain chemistry much better than anyone else i've experienced!

@adnin8968 3 года назад

probably better than any one I will ever get to experience.😀

@racpatrice 9 лет назад

Khan Academy THANK YOU so much! The way this was explained was so simplistic...I was so confused until I saw this :)

@thenewpogchamp856 9 лет назад

+racpatrice no one cares ugly black girl. we all care about white girls

@racpatrice 9 лет назад

ok then...lol...God Bless You

@ObinnaWGMI 8 лет назад

+Pauvy Feldman did you get your stupidity from your dad or mum?

@sajidhossain1928 8 лет назад

+Ladkyd dont feed the troll

@racpatrice 8 лет назад

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@samisthahayaran4479 9 лет назад

After all atempts to learn chemistry;khan academy is best place for last and successful end

@ricoyair 11 лет назад

Professor: Read the book and study your notes for the test me: you mean watch Khanacademy videos?

@maryc5905 10 лет назад

KhanAcademy is awesome!!

@Kanbei11 13 лет назад

Quite unusual how the name of the mechanism isn't noted though. For anyone wondering its electrophilic addition

@Chris-rb8ox 10 лет назад

These videos are awesome. Seriously awesome. I understand organic chemistry from these way better than I do from chemistry lectures at college. Thanks for the help!!!

@666kickfliper 10 лет назад

Awesome video, really great way of explaining mechanisms, but you should really put 'electrophilic addition' in the title so you know what you're looking at, for those who can't tell it apart from say an elimination reaction

@chemistproffatima 3 года назад

Thank u khan Academy very much, i am 13 yrs old and i learned this by ur vedio, it is a very NICE VEDIO

@ameer2300 13 лет назад

you are just awesome with your concepts and at the same time you can explain them like a true genius. man u r just too good. keep up your good work. it really helps.

@HasanHasan-sg3df 5 лет назад

THERE IS NO WORD IN THIS WORLD CAN DESCRIBE YOU PROFESSOR I SALUTE YOU FROM MOROCCO.....

@maryhara2053 2 года назад

Wow I've finally understood 🥺🥺🥺🥺 Thanks

@TheMiiirna 12 лет назад

just what I need for my next week exam - a nice voice to explain all the important stuff and mechanisms. respect.

@halimac3631 9 лет назад

oh my god thank you so much!!! was struggling so much with alevel chemistry your videos help so so much!!!

@FootballUndercover 4 года назад

I really don't know how to thank you... God bless you and your work

@hafeezahlasker3135 7 лет назад

Q: If the SECOND carbon gave the electron to the hydrogen, then why is the hydrogen bonded to the FIRST carbon? thanks :)

@MrNura96 12 лет назад

How do you know about EVERYTHING!!Thx man genious

@highlander723 11 лет назад

I have to take an O-chem test for a job and the last time i took o-chem was 12 years ago! These videos are fantastic!

@ak_buckets7962 11 месяцев назад

Did u get the job???

@omeryugenkorat8783 3 года назад

Thank you so so much. You have just made another needlessly enigmatic topic crystal clear.

@safianahal2009 2 года назад

this guy is a legend

@bollozosh 12 лет назад

"So now everyone is happy again" hahaha. Epic line :) btw, i really don't understand my chem teacher but his video rocks \m/ thank you so muuuch :3

@jinalsolanki4568 5 лет назад

in HBr anti markovnikov addition is done without rearrangment.

@mohanrishav7947 5 лет назад

Crrct... But if peroxide is prensent with bromine then kharash effect comes in role.

@livingadream77 11 лет назад

Thank you so much! Having access to videos that are this explanatory and helpful is wonderful.

@matschishome 7 лет назад

i would like these guys views right before all the finals start

@Quintinohthree 12 лет назад

It can, it's just a lot less stable, making it less likely to exist in appreciable amounts to allow the reaction to proceed.

@renoleceesay7869 2 года назад

You've done it once again! Superb instruction!

@curtpiazza1688 Год назад

Great intro to rx mechanisms! 😊

@Docusk-iw1rf 8 месяцев назад

Tanx alot hope i understand

@s.dharunpandian840 6 лет назад

Khan Academy is very useful for me

@icemanbto 12 лет назад

quick question about regioselectivity, why would the h attach to the left side of the double bond preceeding the bromide step, would they be able to be arranged vice versa?

@bfmvshinigami 13 лет назад

Seriously love your work, please keep going, you're the best teacher I've ever come across! Thanks a lot!

@fongg2 13 лет назад

Better than my chemistry teacher explains to me!!

@ImNotAngry73 11 лет назад

Wow man. Just wow. You are truly great at explaining all this stuff. I wish all professors were as good as you man

@strawberrybrowniesforfree 5 месяцев назад

11 years omg!!! how you doing, man?

@159shruthitella8 6 лет назад

Please make a video on electron migration effects. Khan academy can make anything seem easy

@yeci09 8 лет назад

Super helpful thanks so muchhh

@brunaferrazzo 9 лет назад

such a good video! thanks from brazil

@sweetwillow028_ 2 года назад

I have been confused for a month until this point ;)

@haddadelizabeth 11 лет назад

I love this guy.

@lolahoneyforyou 13 лет назад

how do you know so much abotu so many topics...ur amazing

@vishaldvg 10 лет назад

Khan Academy Is Boss _/\_ ......School Chem teachers should watch these video's n learn something XD...... Sal UR Just So AMAZING!!!

@zachwurthmann5657 6 лет назад

Thank you v much friends

@dovelygodess4661 7 лет назад

This is such a beautiful video :') Thank you for helping me out!

@ApurvaPopat 12 лет назад

it is so called as addtion reaction. or may be nucleophilic addition reaction. the reason why it is so called cause the bromine ion which is negatively charge is a nucleophile (nucleo = nucleus, phile = loving) . since nucleophiles love nucleus they are self negative. and nothing is removed or substituted it is called addition reaction. generally all unsaturated cmpds go under addition reaction.

@nsengiyumvainnocent8388 4 года назад

thank you ,it is a wonderful explanatin

@hadiyea9045 7 лет назад

Honestly, thank you

@Deby_M1 13 лет назад

Thank u very much , the best vid. ever , but do you have vids about ( dieens, and allyl systems) and (conjugation and aromaticity) (substitution reactions of aromatic compounds) ?

@ShahoftheShahs 14 лет назад

Thank you, truly.

@icemanbto 12 лет назад

Nevermind i just watched the markovnikov video, #khanisgod

@courtneyisham6424 11 лет назад

Thank you so much for your help!

@erzanabakiu577 5 лет назад

Thank you,this helped me a lot

@SolacePiano 12 лет назад

Makes for awesome revision :) Thanks Sal :D

@HES7183 10 лет назад

Thanks Sal!

@musiclover81813 9 лет назад

The problem with the approach here is that there should be a discussion about how/why one atom or ion takes precedence over another and substitutes it, adds to it etc ie explanation NOW not later or formal charge nucleophiles, electrophiles and what these assumptions mean for delta G etc.

@sheldonmachado1005 12 лет назад

reactions follow rules like markovnikoff's amd anti markovnikoff's rule....look em up..

@tylanmagnusson4101 11 лет назад

The carbon connected to the chain forms a more stable carbocation

@full31235 12 лет назад

thanks

@rembeck8549 6 лет назад

God bless you honestly

@yendavarunkumar6824 4 года назад

Excellent

@butterflyflying100 11 лет назад

damn .. you make this sounds easy *_*; it's nice to know that is still possible to find people like you., easily to explain:)) hug from portugal :))

@carinamehta3535 9 лет назад

THANKYOU

@mashrurrahman3741 9 лет назад

nice video really helped

@AwesomSauceVids 8 лет назад

what about synthesis and decomposition... their rules for predicting their chemical reactions?

@ErnaG84 11 лет назад

thank you so much :*

@BihanSen 12 лет назад

ver nice... Can You tell me the software you used here? What is this blackboard?

@waste25sec 11 лет назад

very helpful

@Muradsahar 6 лет назад

i want to undestand the synthesis of alkanes through the reduction of alkyl halide.

@Libya4LY 10 лет назад

thank you (:

@agent475816 9 лет назад

So which carbon is most likely to take the electrons in the pi bond? I heard it was the more substituted carbon.

@rafiashahid2269 7 лет назад

sir can u plz upload video on difference between field effect and inductive effect?

@Yoman-bk6yh Год назад

At 7:30 he means alkyl shift

@julianarut3727 7 лет назад

why will the stolen hydrogen bond with the carbon on the left side of the double bond and the Bromide with the right side and not vice versa?

@jackw1014 6 лет назад

Markovinov's rule: When an unsymmetric reagent adds to an unsymmetric alkene, the electropositive part of the reagent bonds to the carbon of the double bond that has the greater number of hydrogen atoms attached to it. H-Br is unsymmetric (examples of symmetric molecules would be Br₂ or H₂). The pentene is also unsymmetric - you can tell by looking that it doesn't have symmetry). So look just at the double-bonded Carbons. The left C is bonded to two Hs, and the right C is bonded to only one. So, according to Markovinov's rule, the more electropositive part of the reagent (the H in HBr) bonds to the left-side C the left-side C has the greater number of Hs attached to it.

@abdallatefnsour 5 лет назад

@@jackw1014 what about the minor and major products

@jackw1014 5 лет назад

@@abdallatefnsour You're right. Markovnikov's rule tells you what the major product will be, but a minor product (which doesn't form according to Markovnikov's rule and forms a less-stable carbocation intermediate) is still formed in some small concentration.

@Gowthamat7 4 года назад

super

@dallaselder7457 9 лет назад

This reaction should have stereochemistry involved as well right? seeing as you made a chiral molecule? would you have equal (S) and (R) isomers, or is one favored over the other?

@sumiatheangel9397 8 лет назад

+Dallas Elder Markovnikov's rule states that the hydrogen (except in special cases, of which this isn't one) always adds to the carbon with more hydrogens bonded to it. Only this isomer (which is (R), by the way) is formed. ~Reus Vult Ave Sumia, Pegasus Breeder and Root Beer Connoisseur

@ShadowDragon977 12 лет назад

Is this Electrophillic addition?

@wizewizard8552 8 лет назад

I fucking hate chemistry but I liked this video it gave me nice explanation

@fatboyj182 12 лет назад

atoms are so indecisive

@Exeunt00 11 лет назад

Boss teaching. nuff said

@nacrinasannicolas3575 7 лет назад

Takes a while for this to be explained. Overall good video but just felt like it was dragging a bit.

@alpertroncp2198 8 лет назад

I discover this channel the night before my exam. If only I'd known sooner! Maybe I'd pass!

@biharek7595 Год назад

Hey bro, did you pass it? :)

@alpertroncp2198 Год назад

@@biharek7595 I got an E, so I guess so? I dropped chemistry, but that had been my plan from the start.

@biharek7595 Год назад

@@alpertroncp2198 i mean, if it's goinf according to plan then it's good, right?

@alpertroncp2198 Год назад

@@biharek7595 fun fact: I met Bryan Cranston at a book signing in London. He said, “do you study chemistry?” - I told him I got an E and ditched it. Walter White knows I dropped chemistry.

@biharek7595 Год назад

@@alpertroncp2198 woah, that's pretty amazing! I mean, not the fact that you failed chemistry, but that you met Heisenberg himself

@eitanas85 7 лет назад

Does anyone know how to watch the private videos?

@MKcool123 7 лет назад

is it necessary to remember all the mechanisms in organic for neet?

@ApurvaPopat 12 лет назад

why can't the first carbon take about the place of carbo-cation? i mean instead of positive charge which you showd in 2nd carbon why cant on 1st one?

@Heynerd2 4 года назад

This is what the markovnikov rules states ..that negative part goes to that carbon which has less no. Of hydrogen .

@sergeychazov6536 6 лет назад

I LOVE YOU

@goldensilverstar 12 лет назад

what does he mean by hogging electrons

@Deepakkumar-mh3ef 9 лет назад

sir...since Br- is more stable due to stable configuration..how can it loose an e-??????

@sumiatheangel9397 8 лет назад

+Deepak kumar Br- is unstable. Molecules like to have a charge as close to 0 as possible.

@moyinoluwaesther438 10 месяцев назад

@@sumiatheangel9397 really? It received an electron making it a total of 8 electron hence attaining it own stability.

@Gowthamat7 4 года назад

👇👇khan academy fans hit here

@sarazuu 12 лет назад

i don't get why you named it by starting with the second carbon

@bonitachica786 12 лет назад

so THAT'S what my prof was yapping about for three hours

@tirus909 13 лет назад

@milkiorange "hog" not hug

@bishallamichhane811 8 лет назад

i would have seen only your videos for chemistry if you had a bit clear mouse index.....

@xHiTtHeLiGhTx 11 лет назад

Is there any other Physics majors in here that think Organic is over-hyped and WAY too easy??

@lukeston1602 6 лет назад

whats the name for this mechanism?

@amirasubki6900 9 лет назад

Is this an addition reaction?

@dggarcia89 6 лет назад

yes

@RnLynse 11 лет назад

Republic Poly loves you

@MynamedidntFitDonkey 10 лет назад

Where is the second product,against Markovnikov's rule?

@JayMark2049 10 лет назад

There's no second product. It's a simple addition reaction. Markovnikov's rule only states that the hydrogen will bond with the carbon atom having the most hydrogen atoms while the bromine will bond to the other.

@Chris-rb8ox 10 лет назад

JayMark2049 I'm sure there would be a second product though, just not as much of it would be produced. Correct me if I am wrong.

@JayMark2049 10 лет назад

Chris O'Brien There wouldn't in this case since it's a simple electrophilic addition. However, there are addition reactions which I think can also yield a by-product like a free radical addition but I don't know much about it.

@Chris-rb8ox 10 лет назад

JayMark2049 I am still not sure you are right. Isn't there a possibility of the carbon with more functional groups bonding to the hydrogen atom of HBr forming a different product? I know this is far less likely, so far less of this product will be produced, but I still think it could be produced. I suppose I could be wrong but just wanted to give my reasoning.

@JayMark2049 10 лет назад

Chris O'Brien Ah ok, now I understand what you mean. Yes, there would also be another product where the H and Br are bond differently to the alkene, although in minority. Sorry, I thought you were talking about something else completely.