This was high quality as it got for so long. Imagine waiting for, I think it was 9 years, for the New Horizon project to reach Pluto. It was worth it though, we all wanted to know what it looked like, and what a beautiful planet it was.
@@Snorlax-zw9gc We got images from NASA who states they are of Pluto. Considering the equipment available when devices needed to send such a photo didn't exist for another ten years after the launch. nor is it possible for the existing radio antenna array to receive a signal from a device designed so long ago even possible. NASA being the only available source of data can state anything they wish, no one can prove them incorrect, well except for actual comparison of data available during the era it was sent on its voyage and the era is was supposedly received.
@@maxliu7576 Good point, that would change it verbally (although you could argue that the first "h" in "haych" is semi-silent). But within text, it wouldn't change, it would still be "an".
@@PGraveDigger1 tbh when the H is pronounced i find that ppl use 'an' moreso, not less. I've seen "an history". so, this argument is basically barking up a nothing tree.
@@Haliya. Sounds like a reasonable speculation. I don't think they had to foresee much, because Eris caused enough chaos in their own view on Pluto and it's surroundings.
And now Uranus and Neptune aren't considered Gas Giants anymore but actually Ice Giants (as you probably know, this is a old video) but just interesting to see how our understanding is ever changing.
Indeed. Unlike Jupiter and Saturn, which-just like stars-are comprised almost entirely of hydrogen and helium (but are actually much too small to *become* stars), Uranus and Neptune have a very different constitution. Rather, they're both made up of ammonia, methane, and water. The last of which is kept under such high pressure by the other two that never evaporates despite reaching temperatures of more than 350°F. Only an astrophysicist could ever get away with calling *boiling water* "ice."
Also Neptune sometimes goes into the Kuiper belt so hasnt cleared its neighbourhood (one of the IAU's three criteria for a planet), this isnt even talking about any of the asteroids orbiting at Jupiter's L4 and L5 points (they are called Trojan asteroids). Also Uranus and Neptune are considered Jovian planets (same with Jupiter and Neptune) which then go to 2 sub categories as you said
Weird, in Spain it was taught that there was two groups, the terrestrial planets and gas planets, the gas planets can be divided by gas giants and ice planets
+Cameron Ballard: That won't help you -- since Eris scientists have found several 'dwarf planets' in the Kuiper Belt that are larger than Pluto and they'll keep finding more for quite some time
To this day, there is no Kuiper Belt Object bigger than Pluto. Eris is the only object to have a higher mass and comparable size. Based on outdated estimations, Eris was supposedly bigger than Pluto, but New Horizons discovered that Pluto actually had a bigger diameter, if only by 50 km. the other three dwarf planets, which are also the biggest non-planetary objects in the solar system, are 963 km (Ceres), 1502 km (Makemake) and 1920x1540x990 km (Haumea, ellipsoid shape); compared to 2326 km (Eris) and 2374 km (Pluto). The only object that could be bigger than Pluto would be a Planet Nine or a stray object that hasn't been found yet.
ok maybe they are bigger resolution, but just go to google maps (they have planet-viewing mode). you cant really even see the craters (only the biggest ones)
@Gwyneth Yeo Bing Wen Student yea ik but they are not really high def tbh (unless you can find the GOOD ones cuz google only shows me the blobs or artwork [check if the picture is artist impression or sth cuz its very common])
+Dhruv Verma i doubt it highly cause i constantly get non skippable amazon ads like 60% of the time no matter what the content also i have used amazon maybe twice in my entire life and bought sonething off it just once so i don't think i should get allthose amazon ads.
It reminds me of that one Rick and Morty episode where Jerry refuses to accept that Pluto isn’t a plannet cause "you can’t just change science" when change is the whole point of science
To a point, the word “planet” is a human invention and open to interpretation, so this is literally astronomers changing science. A planet isn’t like a hydrogen atom: there is no disagreement as to what an atom is or its structure. The word “planet” suffers from the same issue as “continent”: no real formal definition. Astronomers decided that a planet has to be round (its characteristics allow it to be as such), under the influence of a star, and “cleared the neighborhood” around its orbit. But this last condition was conveniently added to justify the recategorization and it’s not something that the cosmos has. Jupiter, for example, has trojan asteroids in its orbit (in front and back). Is that “cleared the neighborhood”? What about the near-Earth objects (like asteroids) that come close to Earth or even orbit Earth? What other Pluto-sized objects orbit close to Pluto that its orbit is not cleared? So, yes...science changes when discoveries are made. For this, however, it was just astronomers making a list even more exclusive but nothing else has changed (Pluto still orbits the Sun, still preserves its characteristics, still has a circular orbit (compared to other KB objects), and is among the bigger objects beyond Neptune).
@@einsteinboricua *>"Jupiter, for example, has trojan asteroids in its orbit (in front and back). Is that “cleared the neighborhood”? What about the near-Earth objects (like asteroids) that come close to Earth or even orbit Earth? What other Pluto-sized objects orbit close to Pluto that its orbit is not cleared?"
Well, There can be a 9 planet, actually, the guy who discovered Ceres is actually the guy who discovered that can be a nine planet by the end of the Kuiper Belt, so, the 9 planet, with the size of Neptune should be the king or queen of the Kuiper Belt.
And it’s much larger than everything immediately around it. I find it entertaining in astronomy books that have Ceres on one side, and the asteroids on the other. But Ceres is special to me for being the only dwarf planet on this side of the Kepler belt :)
Fun fact about Pluto: U could wrap Russia around Pluto and have leftover parts of Russia! Surface area of Pluto ♇: 16647940km^2 Surface area of 🇷🇺: 17098322km^2
@@Onixstar They'll likely never collide because Neptune and Pluto are in 2:3 resonant orbits, every 2 orbits of Pluto, Neptune does 3. Because of this, the two will never get close to each other.
@@Minny_curryEDITS The Belters, a faction of space-based asteroid dwellers from the sci-fi TV and book series The Expanse, have a large presence on Ceres. In their language (lang Belta) "Belter" is "Belta", and "people" is "lowda", so "people of the Belt" is Beltalowda. They have entered the chat because they are frustrated that one of their most significant bases is being cited as a place no one has heard of.
Would it had been creepy if the New Horizons probe took a closeup picture of Pluto and it looked exactly like the pixelated low-resolution mush that the Hubble Telescope took?
knight wing I was imagining a Truman Show like scenario though, if all the distant objects in the sky are just low-resolution printouts fabricated by an observing alien race.
Well done. I can understand Pluto defenders 'hearkening back to their youth' but the position of 9 planets seems untenable. We either have 8 or we have 15 or 20 (with more added every year).
good lesson in both history and science! Basically, nationalistic Americans (including some astronomers) pushed Pluto as a major planet in the public news media, and those many who questioned Pluto as a major planet in the decades following its discovery in 1930 didn't care enough to make a big deal of challenging it; there were other "more important" things to tackle, and besides, actual physical information on Pluto was simply lacking until its first satellite Charon was discovered in the late 1970s.... Some of the most-used university astronomy textbooks in the 1930s and 1940s actually posited Pluto more as a minor planet. Disney apparently had a lot to do with entrenching Pluto in the American consciousness. But it always was a silly school exercise to memorize "nine major planets" (or even eight!) ...
just give Pluto an additional honor-title, "honor-planet", just for being part of the planet-club so long. A special title just for pluto alone, like the special place he got in our hearts.
As of now, the definition of a planet is as follows: 1. It must be large enough to collapse into a sphere under its own gravity 2. It must orbit a star (this mainly separates moons from planets though it also means rouge planets don’t count) 3. It must be gravitationally significant enough to clear its orbit from other objects (save those orbiting itself) (I’m guessing there’s an implied fourth point that it can’t be a star itself) Pluto mainly falls in point 3, as its orbit does take it far into the Kuiper belt. Pluto does not however only orbit in the Kuiper belt. It’s orbit is highly elliptic and actually crosses inside Neptune’s orbit.
3:25 "This problem could be ignored as long as no one found an ice ball bigger than Pluto. Which is exactly what happened in 2006 with the Discovery of Eris." Eris is larger by mass, but the New Horizons mission showed us that Pluto is in-fact bigger by volume. If sheer size was the predominant factor for demoting Pluto, that reason might not be enough anymore... because as of now Pluto is the largest object (at least by volume) beyond Neptune.
At the time Pluto was demoted, NH had just been launched so there was no way to prove this until the spacecraft reached the destination. At this point, it’s not mass, volume, or size what matters but rather whether Pluto “has cleared the neighborhood of its orbit”. The answer is no, which is why Pluto is a dwarf planet.
I had a science test right as the debate over the upcoming switch came up. "How many planets orbit the sun?" I wanted to strangle the test proctor. How am I supposed to know if its a planet when *scientists* are still discussing if it's a planet?!
Barley Sixseventwo What's worse is if you're gonna answer the correct answer that you know, or the follow the outdated curriculum which many (lazy) teachers just follow without research.
There isn't any debate any more. Pluto isn't a planet. We found things like pluto but bigger so include those or just accept that pluto isn't a planet.
Eileen Liew TRUE i think this is the perfect way to go , there are few entertaining teachers that become successful as famous good teachers in schools.
I don't understand why people consider the label 'planet' as some sort of status symbol. The point of these labels is to classify groups of objects with similar characteristics together and allow for differentiation between other classifications. People act as if some insult was dealt to Pluto by its current classification.
+Francesco Magnoni The case may be that some people care more for a lifeless ball of ice 7.5 billion kilometres away than they do for many of the issues on our own planet with real people who feel and experience them...
Toby Martin it's easier to talk about insignificant and far away things rather than issues abuot which everybody has conflicting opinions and hard feelings. if i just meet someone, i'd rather talk about weather than about cancer.
Francesco Magnoni That much is true. Obviously I have no qualm about people discussing planets! But when people get riled over the status of Pluto as if it's been personally offended...
+violacrb You are not one of us. This is not directly an insult but that doesn't mean it can't make you feel sad or excluded. And for those of us that grew up with Pluto being one of planet buddies that is basicly what those mean scientist guys have been telling us about Pluto. Not one of us not a planet.
I’ve never noticed this until now but I think it’s important to point out that you spelled “Kuiper” wrong at 3:38. Although I would love to see a Kupier belt as well :)
SSSSSHHHHT! If the international astronomical union gets wind of this they may decide they will rename the Kuiper belt as well. Do you think their havoc, madness, and pandemonium will stop at Pluto? Do not give them any ideas! They will not rest until all is chaos, confusion, and commotion.
@@harrystone3527 No, because europa has underwater oceans, there's a chance that in the water there is life, so the joke is that aliens are saying "attempt no landings here"
MayuriKurotsuchi Even when I was a theist, I knew how tiny the Earth was in the Solar System. It was presented to me in an "if the Earth were a tennis ball, then Jupiter would be a beach ball X number of miles away, and the Sun would be something much larger else N number of miles away. It's when you realize that the Sun is one of *ten thousand million trillion stars*, and that the distance to the *nearest* of those stars is *25 trillion trillion miles* (41 trillion trillion km) -- much less the distance to the other end of the Milky Way, or even Andromeda our nearest neighbor Galaxy, which is *12 thousand trillion trillion miles away*) on top of how minuscule the Earth is in the Solar System that you realize how -- in the grand scheme of things -- utterly insignificant we are.
The three criteria for planetdom, are 1, it must be spherical, 2, it must have a regular orbit around the sun, and 3, it must have cleared its path of orbit. so because pluto is in the Kuiper belt, it has not cleared its orbit, and is therefore not a planet, and is instead a dwarf planet
I think that he meant to say that the object must have a greater mass than all the other objects within its orbital path. Since Pluto is small and within the Kuiper belt this isn't the case.
the problem with that rule is since pluto is located in the kuiper belt, it would need a giant ass gravity to clear it's neighborhood, so high, even Earth wouldn't be able to do it, so how is thay fair? On top of that Neptune also has multiple aestroids in its orbit so it should be considered a dwarf planet? This is when the rule is slightly messed up
Earth isn't located in the Kuiper belt though, it's in the "Earth belt". Earth shares this area of the solar system with a handful of asteroids and the Moon. The difference between Earth & Neptune and bodies in the kuiper belt like Pluto is that both of those planets dominate their "belts". Pluto comes nowhere close to being the dominant force in the Kuiper belt. So "Clearing its orbit" really means "Clearing its orbit of competing bodies". Hope that helps.
I haven't done the math, but you might be right. I know that our moon has roughly the same surface area as Australia, and Pluto is smaller than our moon, so it's definitely possible that a country on Earth might have a larger surface area than Pluto.
There should be no debate, there are certain requirements needed to be classified as a planet. 1. Must orbit the sun, Pluto does this 2. Must be formed into a sphere under it's own gravity, Pluto has done this 3. Must clear it's orbit of other bodies, this is where Pluto fails to meet the classification, there are thousands of other bodies nearly the size of Pluto or larger in it's orbit.
But seeing as those "classifications" were made up after it was called a planet. It's like telling a midget they are a person and then saying later they aren't.
bromixsr But our definition was flawed from the beginning. Planet is far to broad a term to classify the objects in our solar system, if we did not change the definition there would be hundreds of thousands of planets in our solar system, a separate classification for dwarf planets is a good idea.
bromixsr The more we discover, the more differences we find. The more differences we find, the more we need to categorize. Your logic suggests that we should still call the world "flat".
GuiltyMiner0343 I can agree with acceptation to 3- I would add an and/or "Is absorbing nearby masses into itself (smaller bodies)." Pluto still would not meet the requirement, but planets in the final stages of forming or with rings would pass.
Naming all the planets but in their Greek form: Mercury = Hermes Venus = Aphrodite Terra = Gaea or Gaia Mars = Ares Asteroid belt: Ceres = Demeter Juno = Hera Vesta = Hestia Pallas (Athena) is actually Greek, but = Minerva in Roman Jupiter = Zeus Saturn = Kronos Uranus = Ouranos Neptune = Poseidon Pluto = Hades (I've put it in anyway ok XD)
I think it's cool that in Sailor Moon, they have Sailor Soldiers for all the planets, and the moon, Pluto, Ceres, Vesta, Pallas and Juno. It's a big party.
And the only way to save the planet is by making high school girls Superheroes. The reason they give is just made up a little bit into the series. And it's just an excuse to let the animators draw naked high school girls.
it's not arbitrary tho? it's a way for humans to categorize things to make them more manageable and relevant to study, all of the things labeled in this video are solar bodies in our solar system, and we keep breaking them down to more and more specific taxonomies, solar bodies to plants or dwarf plants or moons etc, then they're described more specifically as terrestrial planets or gas giants or what have you, and then you describe them as their name, these definitions are useful for studying properties and determining properties of like objects we can't study as directly
We discovered new information and were faced with three choices. A) Introduce dozens of new planets. B) Leave it at 9 planets, but give up any meaning the word planet has. C) Demote Pluto. We picked C.
No Science has never said anything that's been proven false. Babies DON'T feel pain. The Earth IS flat. It's obvious that the first thing Science says is always right
@@CaptainX2012 is RU-vid even existed 2012? Well i learn new things every day (also i could do basic math by looking up how old was this video but meh, i am lazy)
This was incredibly well done, I am surprised I haven't seen this presented this way before. It certainly makes the asteroid belt more interesting knowing it previously had planets within it.
That was incredibly helpful! Gosh why didn’t they just start with The Kuiper belt in school and use that as a starting point to then break the news that we were wrong about Pluto.
My school did in the mid 90's. We learned about the keiper belt (also pluto as a planet). But my teacher would refer to pluto as a "Neptunian Object" much more than a planet. And explained "there were many neptunian objects beyond neptune". He was a head of his time as a teacher.
The three criteria that defines a planet: 1. Spherical under own gravity - Check 2. Main body of orbit around star (excludes moons) - Check 3. Object dominates its orbit - Pluto fails
Actually, it doesn't. It's only a few percent bigger than pluto, and neither of them are massive enough to "clear" their neighbourhood from other smaller objects (unlike Earth which contains over 99.99% of the mass of where it orbits). You misunderstood the second criteria (maybe cus I phrased it poorly). It is an official definition by IAU
Christopher Bradley Eris is a planet. Why is that a problem? It is now believed to be marginally smaller than Pluto though 27 percent more massive, which means more rocky and therefore more planet-like.
Watching this in the year 2018, after the New Horizons flyby of Pluto, it's insane how much better pictures we have of Pluto now. My mind is just completely blown by this.
Look, I don't care what they are. Haumea is my favourite dragon egg in our solar system. It's sorta reptile egg shaped, has a big red patch, 2 moons and a ring system.
It is really funny, when you watch a video from 2012 in 2021 without knowing it is from 2012 and expecting to hear a word (dwarf planet). Then it doesn’t come up and you look at the date of the video and you‘re like: say what now?
This video, though informative, leaves out a crazy important detail : The International Astronomical Union in 2006 defined a planet as a celestial body that : a) Is in orbit around the Sun. b) Has sufficient body mass for its self gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium shape, i.e. nearly round in shape. c) Has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit. Now, Pluto can't clear objects out of its path. Hence its called a dwarf planet.
+chorosso They are the ones which either do not have gravitational boundation with a star or have been thrown off from their orbit. I don't know the definition though.
There was a documentary on TV the other day that used the word "World" for any body big enough to be spherical-ish. While not a good scientific classification I think it works well enough to bring the whole planet, dwarf planet, moon, asteroid fuzziness toghether under one big descriptive word for all of them.
I think this gets into deeper topic about humans v nature We like drawing boundaries and labeling things but nature makes everything fuzzy and confusing.
In your HEART? OMG the stupidity.......Will you please explain to me why being called a "planet" one day and then a "dwarf planet" the next is perceived by so many of you to be a "demotion" at all? Why is simply being called a planet "better" than being called a dwarf planet? A giant ball of rock and ice that's 8 LIGHT HOURS from the Sun DOES NOT give two shits what human beings call it.
+Xianaic it was just the Greeks seeing "wish those dots wander", referring to the fact that the stars move together but the planets move completely differently from our sights, wander becomes plane and wanderer becomes planet. It's really our fault for never translating the names to keep them ambiguous. Respect Pluto's dwarf pronouns, capitalist pigs.
Pallas, Ceres, Pluto, Eris, the other names he mentioned, and several more, aren't asteroids or anything like that. They've been re-named dwarf-planets, which in my opinion is still a planet I will continue to acknowledge them as such.
I've been teached, that a body can be called a planet if it meets three following conditions: 1. The body must revolve around a star (Pluto is Ok) 2. The body must be massive enough, so that its gravitation makes it spherical shape, but not massive enough to start thermonuclear reaction in its core. (Pluto is Ok) 3. The the body's gravitation must clear the space around the body, so that there is no plenty of bodies around (Pluto is NOT Ok, it is placed in Kupier belt, where there are plenty of bodies, simillar to Pluto) Well, Pluto does not meet the 3rd condition, so it's not a Planet.
That, and the small bit with Galileo was inaccurate, but the video's not really about history. Some things we have to let slide sometimes, though you're not wrong for pointing them out.
Fun misconception: the Catholic church persecuted Galileo because of his advocacy of the heliocentric model of our solar system. At the time the Catholic church was not actually against scientific exploration nor discovery of evidence in favor of a heliocentric view. Galileo was persecuted because he wrote a book making fun of people who refused scientific logic. One rich friend of the pope at the time thought it was a slight on him and so he basically asked the Church to silence Galileo using the excuse of the heliocentric model being anti-dogma. He was helped by the fact that this coincided with the upsurge of Protestants and the Catholic church wanted to use any excuse to flex its muscles and intimidate anyone who dares to question dogma. Protestants weren't pro-science either. In fact remember that protestants rebelled against the Catholic Church primarily because it deviated so much from traditionalism and scripture. Curiously in the 21st century the Catholic Church (at least in the USA) is still far more accepting of scientific facts than evangelical protestants.
ani_veanohi "Terra," and, "Terran," are used in a lot of Sci-Fi works as an alternative to Earth, because that's just another name for it, but, for what it's worth, "Terran," will always mean those little, blue bastards to me, too :D
