It's Weird How Many Species Live At Both Poles

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We know that lots of animals and plants can be found all over the world. But there's plenty that manage to live at the furthest points from each other they possibly can - and are /still/ the same species. It's called being bipolar, and these guys manage to live in BOTH the Arctic and the Antarctic!
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Опубликовано:

12 апр 2023

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Комментарии : 583

@SciShow Год назад

Visit brilliant.org/scishow/ to get started learning STEM for free. The first 200 people will get 20% off their annual premium subscription and a 30 day free trial.

@beepboop204 Год назад

🙃🙃🙃

@ErikratKhandnalie Год назад

"It's hard to imagine a species so globally wide spread that it would survive basically everywhere," he said as a representative of just such a species

@geekehUK Год назад

But to be fair we are somewhat unique in our ability to adapt our environment to us, rather than having to adapt to it.

@Skeliana Год назад

Yea, it should be a given that we are the exception, lol

@ozymandiasultor9480 Год назад

@@geekehUK Yes, that is a unique ability of our species, and that affects the evolution of human beings on the most basic level.

@helentee9863 Год назад

@Empty Glass we did, in minor ways we adapted physically. In more major ways we adapted our behaviour/behaviours.

@redhammer5783 Год назад

The species

@da0guy798 Год назад

Pretty crazy that humans as a species are bipolar

@raphaellima1906 Год назад

😂😂

@asekuvena Год назад

You could say that.

@GangGang1 Год назад

I am insane

@bontrom8 Год назад

good joke... icy what you did there

@asekuvena Год назад

@@GangGang1 I believe 🙏 *you*

@Neenerella333 Год назад

It's cool to me that New Zealand plants have way more in common with South American ones, than with Australian ones.

@lonestarr1490 Год назад

Yes. Proximity is only one significant parameter amongst so many others, like ocean currents, wind directions, etc. For example, it's easier to reach the Azores with a sailing ship from the Americas than it is from Spain, Portugal, or northern Africa. It's actually so hard to get there that these islands aren't to be found on any sea map prior to the 14th century.

@higorribeiro8318 Год назад

@@lonestarr1490that's so interessant!

@asekuvena Год назад

Wow

@drake1896 Год назад

@@lonestarr1490 I'm sure its to do with tectonics. No species are crossing the long ocean other than marine life

@jesterbob828 Год назад

It makes sense if there's an ice wall and the world is flat

@ragnkja Год назад

The Arctic tern must _love_ polar summer, since it migrates between the poles to get two summers a year.

@Phone-eater Год назад

I mean there is no night at polar summer so that's something maybe( definitely not)

@highviewbarbell Год назад

Honestly it sounds like an awesome ecosystem and the best time to enjoy said ecosystem, if you're built for it

@thegorgon7063 Год назад

Well by the time it gets there it needs another holiday

@ooooneeee Год назад

Maybe they are afraid of the dark 😂

@CL-go2ji Год назад

Possibly carrying forams?

@ASlickNamedPimpback Год назад

You pretty much gave a great explanation right at the start. Whales are basically there own micro-habitats, they can easily have hitchhiking algae and microorganisms

@tomholroyd7519 Год назад

Yes, clearly, they contribute whatever they have living in their GI tract to the local ecosystems wherever they go, and they've got other micro-flora and -fauna in and on them, just like humans

@mdkooter Год назад

This, I was going to write the exact same phrase. First thing that came to mind - whales bring many species to the poles, either through their poop, stuck in their mouths or attached to their skin. I'm more curious which species are too large to void that possibility.

@jonhattanrai Год назад

My thoughts too

@semistro Год назад

My first thought too, they basically gave the clue themselves. I would even go so far to say its impossible for whales to NOT carry over microbes, think of all the species specialized in cleaning large marine animals.

@dasamont8274 Год назад

I was thinking that since the last ice age started around 100,000 years ago, and ended around 12,000 years ago, there was plenty of time for species to move from one cold pole to the other, and not evolve so much that they became unable to produce fertile offspring with each other

@Tobikoyum7 Год назад

"How the HELL do these whales get there?!" " they swim...." Science.

@asekuvena Год назад

Power of the whalevolution.

@zachryder3150 Год назад

"We'll establish a colony on Mars" mfs when you ask them if we can even establish a year-round colony on Antarctica without needing the only supplies it ever gets being shipped or flown in there.

@absalomdraconis Год назад

We could establish a colony on Antarctica, we just don't _care._ Though power on Mars would be easier, since we could just use solar power satellites to beam the power down: not necessarily impossible for Antarctic colonies, but the horizon + orbital physics makes it much harder (essentially for the same reason as day and night will sometimes last for weeks there...).

@spindash64 Год назад

Not a whole lot of mineral resources to exploit

@helentee9863 Год назад

It's (relatively) easy to get to Antarctica, why would we (science) need an all year long outpost?! Having one for around 6 months of the year is much cheaper.

@sherlyn.a Год назад

@@spindash64 that we haven’t discovered

@asekuvena Год назад

There is still A colony.

@iriandia Год назад

You know, I was worried when Scishow Space went away, that we wouldn't be getting any more of Reid and Savannah. So glad that's not the case! Fascinating video.

@DoctorProph3t Год назад

When you think about how harsh the environment has been before, it’s not too far fetched to find life thriving in the poles, caves, chemical pools, and magma vents on the proverbial paradise that earth has been the last -10,000 years.

@maridiancrest243 Год назад

It could simply be that once they move to the other pole it would be extremely disadvantageous for them to lose any adaptions to that environment. Imagine losing the ability to tolerate cold in either poles. It would be fatal. They probably hitch a ride on whales, deep ocean currents or storms.

@TheHuesSciTech Год назад

That would be like saying that animals would never evolve because it would be extremely disadvantageous for them to lose the genes for having a functioning hearts and brain. Imagine losing a functioning heart or brain. It would be fatal. And yet, we see a huge variety of animal species. Just because one gene is critical to life does not lead to all further adaptation being halted. Put another way, the fact that a small fraction of bipolar organisms' genes code for cold tolerance does not in any way prevent mutations on the other 99% of their DNA. And the mutations on that other 99% of DNA could eventually lead to speciation.

@eljanrimsa5843 Год назад

or ships

@Havron Год назад

@@eljanrimsa5843 It would be a fitting irony if the species that destroyed such bipolar migrants as the Eskimo Curlew would ultimately end up replacing them in that role, using one of the very tools employed in overhunting them, no less.

@agayactornamedmichaeldougl6289 Год назад

@@eljanrimsa5843 or balogna

@johndododoe1411 Год назад

@@eljanrimsa5843Or polar explorers that routinely migrate between the poles with bags of equipment, parasites and even domesticated animals .

@MyKutie Год назад

I figured the Arctic would have more because there are more land masses nearby to have species drift to and from it

@JeffreyOller Год назад

There is a portal that cuts through the spirit world. Also a princess became the moon. It's all very scientific.

@duewhit310 Год назад

And The Sun rules earth brutally. Willfully deliberately. With such a dark sense of humor!

@JeffreyOller Год назад

@@duewhit310 Everything changed when the fire nation attacked.

@duewhit310 Год назад

@@JeffreyOller did jerry springer have one last big smile when USA at large is more like his show than ever?

@JeffreyOller Год назад

@@duewhit310 When the world needed him most, he vanished.

@duewhit310 Год назад

@@JeffreyOller we needed him?......... 😕

@TiggerIsMyCat Год назад

I had a sad feeling about the Eskimo Curlew when the mention came with a drawing instead of a photograph, and I was right :(

@StormyOwI Год назад

Very cool video! My favorite part was at 5:18 when it was specified that the current is off the northern coast and not the southern coast of Antarctica

@ErikratKhandnalie Год назад

Wouldn't it make sense for isolated populations at the poles to remain genetically similar, especially for microscopic species? They are facing very similar environments, after all, and so wouldn't they naturally converge towards similar adaptations?

@HeriqueMartins Год назад

I don’t think so. They might make the same adaptations to the in environment but their DNA would probably be different.

@Kozumou Год назад

In terms of natural selection pressures from the similar environments, yes! However, even if most protein sequences are highly conserved, there is also genetic drift over time. That is, inconsequential "silent" mutations randomly occur and and then randomly become the population norm at a pretty steady (slow) rate. If there is no contact between the two populations for long stretches of time, then their genomes should diverge from each other in these silent ways, which we can observe by sequencing their DNA.

@danielbriones2938 Год назад

Physiologically similar? Sure, that's what convergent evolution is basically. But genetically similar? Not even close.

@shanehungerford1165 Год назад

I was thinking the same thing, also if they spread in the ice age it would extend polar species ranges enough and once they were there they wouldn’t genetically diverge that much because they’re already suited to the environment!

@potjie9040 Год назад

Genes under selection would likely have convergent mutations, but most studies using phylogenetics to identify and differentiate species would use "neutral" markers. Neutral markers are regions of DNA that are not under selections (positive or negative) and the chance that isolated populations or species will have multiple identical mutations of these DNA regions are very rare.

@ProfessorJayTee Год назад

It's weirder still how neither penguins nor polar bears live at the same pole, and how few people know that...

@speed65752 Год назад

I thought that it was common knowledge that penguins live in the south and polar bears in the north.

@helentee9863 Год назад

@@speed65752 it is. Except to greeting card manufacturers 😁

@RedLeader327 Год назад

It feels weird seeing Reid on regular SciShow. Not complaining; always loved his presentation over on SciShow Space.

@JohnnieHougaardNielsen Год назад

Another plausible type of transport could be birds, whales or fish being "dirty", small organisms hitching a comfy ride in protected spots. This means that the feasible travel time can be longer than what's implied by being spread via droppings.

@snowyowl10 Год назад

Me before watching this: I'm going to blame Arctic terns Edit: I was wrong :(

@snowyowl10 Год назад

** shakes fist at sky ** why didn't I think of SHOREBIRDS???? I've heard of shorebirds!!!!!

@stephanieparker1250 Год назад

I love this host, he seems so comfy in front of the camera! 🎉❤

@RedLeader327 Год назад

He's one of the best.

@tessiepinkman Год назад

Very interesting, and something I've been thinking about from time to time. Nice to get an answer to what's _(possibly)_ going on. SciShow never disappoints.

@Brown95P Год назад

I'm frankly more shocked that Denmark, Scotland and North Ireland are deemed polar areas.

@hhiippiittyy Год назад

If not for the gulf current it would be obvious.

@MoustafaHabra18 Год назад

1:07 I think this was supposed to be 12,000 miles. In kilometers, they're about 20,000 km apart, which makes sense because that's about half the Earth's circumference in kilometers (40,000 km).

@brieoconnor9824 Год назад

He probably means straight through the earth, not over land. The polar diameter of the earth is just over 12,500km so their closest points being 12,000km makes sense

@MicraHakkinen Год назад

@@brieoconnor9824 It doesn't make sense in this context, unless we're talking about animals with the ability to travel underground in a straight line between the poles.

@brieoconnor9824 Год назад

@@MicraHakkinen I'm not saying that's the most useful way of measuring it, I'm just pointing out that that's probably what they did.

@creativedesignation7880 Год назад

I think they were just measuring from the edge of one polar region to the edge of the other, instead of frome pole to pole.

@esmenhamaire6398 Год назад

I thought that initially, and then I did the maths; 12,000km is 108 degress of lattude difference (the kilometre being, by original definition, one 10,00th of the distance between the equator and the poles(for the nitpickers; the metre was defined as one ten-milllionth that distance, I know; but that's 10,000km anyway :-})), so if we centre that on the equator, we get plus or minus 54 degrees - which the presenter stated was the edge of the Arctic and Antarctic biomes. I'm not a fan of this presenter (just don't like his style; these things happen, and that says as much about my taste in presenters as it does about his style of presentation), and whilst I criticised his use of the misleading term "dark side of the moon) in a sci show space episode, I've not yet spotted any factual errors in his or any other presenters episodes in SciShow. In short, the SciShow team are just that good that if you think they've made an error, it's worth checking your assumptions (and where appropriate, doing the maths), as it's more likely that your assumptions are wrong than that the SciShow team got it wrong! IMHO, of course.

@meeshami1783 Год назад

Ah! To be the first to view a SciShow! Bucket list glory! 😂🎉

@DoctorProph3t Год назад

Sorry bud, you’re second

@DrachenGothik666 Год назад

Sorry, you weren't the first here. You weren't even in the first ten.

@federicosanchezfernandez9222 Год назад

3:31 I actually think that the reason of sharing so much DNA is both reasons! They where common all over the planet long ago and they only survived at the poles.

@nirfz Год назад

And due to the envirement changed very little over a very long time.

@Articulate99 10 месяцев назад

Always interesting, thanks.

@astral_haze Год назад

my immediate thought when you mentioned whales, was that they unintentionally carry them. as well as boats, just like they carry barnacles. (as well as maybe sharks, or some other animals)

@gailaltschwager7377 Год назад

Thank you!

@petelcek Год назад

Arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea) breeds on Arctic and wintering on Antarctic. The longest known migration of all.

@solsoman102 3 месяца назад

glad to know that antarctica had a special water supply just for bottoms that’s very thoughtful of them!

@Moondog911 Год назад

I’ve always wondered about this!

@Sauvenil Год назад

Randomly, there is a sled dog who made it to both the North and South pole.

@loopernoodling Год назад

Have you been on holiday, Reid? Nice to see you again!

@derpaderps Год назад

I like the clean shaven look! Good info too!

@sarahferguson0 Год назад

WOW! How interesting. I love to learn new things 🙂

@geekehUK Год назад

Well if the environments are similar even if far apart, then you wouldn't expect much divergent evolution because the selection pressures would be the same, and likely what the species was already well adapted to. What would be interesting would be to look for fossils of these species in the space between and if found, date them. That could be evidence that they crossed during an ice age.

@Randomheart0 Год назад

Looking good, Reid

@Zediona Год назад

I think of 2 ways for single celled organisms to travel, 1st is hitchiking with larger organisms to other pole, 2nd is evolving around the same time when snowball earth happened then the same organisms just got seperated in time without evolving too much and sticking to similar environments but in different places

@l.u.c.a.s. Год назад

I hope SciShow keeps going forever. Like Doctor Who.

@SmolTerribleTornado Год назад

Biologists who have studied the topic their whole lives: why are they in both poles? Me with my galaxy brain: because it's cold and they like it.

@bjornmu Год назад

Crowberries are found in sub-arctic regions on the northern hemisphere, typically in mountain areas. *And* they are found on the Falkland Islands (I've seen the plants myself), but nowhere in between.

@cameoshadowness7757 Год назад

3 minutes ago... decent enough. Glad I can catch this before leaving.

@Lord0of0Minnegard Год назад

I saw this moderator the first time today. And instantly fell in love with his voice.

@TrueWolves Год назад

Maybe they're using the spirit bridges as seen in Avatar TLoK. 🤓

@Neceros Год назад

I mean, some time ago those places weren't icy caps on the poles. It was at some point a rich land with vegetation. Last polar shift changed it to what we have now, but even that is starting to change.

@MikefromTexas1 Год назад

Hey, a new host! Cool vid.

@clintcountryman4849 Год назад

I like this guy

@gaijininja Год назад

I just noticed a graphic mistake. The bit at about 0:35 where it shows the Arctic and Antarctic regions “From space”, the Arctic is spinning the wrong direction. It should spin anticlockwise when looking down onto it. Antarctica is spinning the correct direction. As SciShow is a northern hemisphere production, I’m surprised the mistake wasn’t the other way around with Antarctica back to front.

@EyesofOd Год назад

The swallow may fly south with the sun or the house martin or the plover may seek warmer climes in winter, yet these are not strangers to our land

@penguinpie5056 Год назад

third possibility: they are hitching rides with whales or some other animal that migrates

@thomasgeorgecastleberry6918 Год назад

Quite a conundrum.

@Glockenspheal Год назад

They just moved a bit up/down and wrapped around the map on the other side, easy explanation :P

@bobbiespeldrich7863 Год назад

Missed ya bud!

@AJBlueJay Год назад

This guy is like a cartoon character

@alto7183 Год назад

Creo que se podría ver en registro fósil el pasado de ambos polos desde el carbonífero para ver mejor esto de las especies biológicas, cumplirse lo que mencionan aún más. Buen video.

@RoseDragoness Год назад

who is this new guy? he speaks like reading a poem, or singing. I like it!

@karolinemathildehellan7869 Год назад

What about ballast water from ships? If the ship tok on water for ballast ( to keep the ship stable) in the north and then traveling south? And then removing some of that ballast for some reason - that would easily spred a lot of different things. A lot of species have been distributed to Norway in this way

@davidfoss4808 Год назад

Could be that those anthropods spread all over but the ones at the poles didn't diverge because the environment was so similar as to not facilitate change, while the ones in more temperate regions with more biodiversity felt more selective pressure to evolve in different ways.

@calcifur Год назад

Glad to know I can survive in both poles

@danielwatson4864 Год назад

A combination of animals and winter growth is probably how bipolar plants can be moved from one polar region to another. Example, different species of birds feed on and defecate seeds from *cool or cold mountainous* areas, from the Canadian Rockies to the Andes. From the Andes range down to Antarctica.

@daniellewatson9055 Год назад

Except that theory only applies to 1/4 of the relevant plant species? What about the other 3/4?

@bowez9 Год назад

Whoa, shifting definition Batman. At the beginning of the video define spieces as ability to interbreed, then half way through change it change it to genotype that can only be noticed with genetic testing.

@LeaderTerachad Год назад

Arctic and Antitarctic 🥶🥶🥶

@TheScholesie09 Год назад

5:15 "begins off the northern coast of antarctica" isnt every coast the northern coast?

@ryanmcfluff9866 Год назад

Yesssss

@eiwo323s Год назад

This may be due to the survivor paradox in which the fertilized eggs don't germinate until conditions are right. That is why you don't see them all over, they need to know all stages of the organism.

@hadesdarklord Год назад

Haven't you guys done episodes on "Snowball Earth"?

@General12th Год назад

Hi Reid!

@JigJagging Год назад

"off the northern coast of Antarctica", that got me a chuckle, as Antarctica has no other type of coasts!

@indigofenix00 Год назад

It could be that some species that technically have populations everywhere could have larger and more noticable populations near the poles, possibly due to fewer predators or competitors.

@Amocles Год назад

"Ice age is here, right in your town Antarctica, look what you've done"

@wheredaboof6492 Год назад

This guy us a good commentator

@conlon4332 Год назад

1:33 Oh. So are Scotland and Northern Ireland in the Arctic now?

@koffeekage Год назад

Nice to know my mom is one of these species.

@paracosmicSTL Год назад

Is it though? Species thrive at certain latitudes, it makes sense that they are able to do so either negative or positive as both sides contain similar temperatures

@WillMoff0 Год назад

5:18 I would like to see the non-northern coast please

@Ph1syc Год назад

1:25 Lmao 😂

@alaskatheakita7217 Год назад

I can’t believe u didn’t mentioned they could of got there during the ice age

@joeyterheide5426 Год назад

well damn, this dude has a voice fit for the expendables,

@sirukin7849 Год назад

The best way to think about life of Earth is layers of species that exist across multiple time periods of major epochs. Species are separated by both time and distance. All layered over each other in between major heating and cooling extremes. Otherwise, we wouldn't have things like plants and trees which are much different than other forms of life that we're more familiar with.

@oldtimefarmboy617 Год назад

Shades of Naboo. Maybe they travel from one pole to the other through the plant's core.

@andyowen3685 Год назад

5:16 “off the northern coast of Antarctica” Yeah, you might need to be more specific. 😅 I love your channel anyway ❤

@StealthyDead Год назад

That's the first time I've heard the word bi-polar used outside of my profession in mental health. Made me go "huh?... wait, yeah, that's right grammatically. I'll be damned."

@julesbower762 Год назад

They are not currently in contact. They just have not changed since they were separated by the end of snowball earth.

@whiskeysuicidecowboy Год назад

Is it possible that the cold temperatures of the poles are selecting for low metabolism, which correlates to a slower molecular clock, and that’s getting confused for gene flow? I.e, is it possible these animals have just diverged less from a common ancestor than animals in warmer water that go through genetic change quicker?

@SudaNIm103 Год назад

They’re all riding back and forth on the whales!!!

@sloth7ds Год назад

Makes me think of migratory coconuts carried along by swallows.

@LostInDub Год назад

I clicked on a notification for a minute earth video & it brought me here. Similar misdirects have happened a few times now. Has anyone else had this sort of thing happen?

@Hi_Im_Akward Год назад

I want to see bipolar bears. I know it would ruin the penguins but it would fufill the pun.

@samsoncooper1 Год назад

Whales and other filter feeders might play a part

@KJNZ2011 Год назад

Listening to you at 2x speed, you sound like Penn from Penn and Teller

@asterlofts1565 Год назад

I already knew that, but thanks to Pokemon in the 9th generation, more people learned about Divergent Evolution and Convergent Evolution, in this case, it's a Convergent Evolution.

@labeedtore7590 Год назад

Microbes likely just evolved in separate evolutionary occasions induced by similar climactic conditions and evolutionary niche-filling

@jlsgarage872 Год назад

This man talks at the perfect speed

@quercus56 Год назад

I would have thought the migrations of bar-tailed godwits and arctic terns would be good candidates to investigate with respects to carrying material between the arctic and antarctic.

@diGritz1 Год назад

My guess is they're using the same underground tunnel system Godzilla uses to show up where ever he dam well wants. "0_o"

@mellissadalby1402 4 месяца назад

It is entirely possible that such microbes evolved together long ago in the time of Pangea and were only separated by the separation of the continents

@andrewcavallo1877 Год назад

Blowholes. My theory is blowholes. Whales from one pole brought microbes to the other and vice versa. I would assume, like regular snot, blowhole snot is capable of sustaining a micro-colony of single-celled organisms over long periods of time.