“We begin 100,000 years ago. currently, we are moving 1,000 years per second, as you can see, not much is changing. Our modern world will briefly flash at the end, that’s all it is, that’s all it’s ever been, so try not to miss it, and as always, thanks for watching.”
The last four human ages (Medieval, Discovery, Industrial, and Information) have only taken up around 1500 years of history. Humans have been around for 230,000 years. Less than 1% of Human History.
"But there is blur, it's not a star, it is not a cloud of gas in our galaxy. It is an entirely different galaxy. the Andromeda galaxy, and it is coming our way."
Hey, Vsauce. Michael here. Where are your fingers? Seriously. It's a pretty easy question. You should be able to answer it. But how do you know? How does anyone know anything? You might say, well, I know where my fingers are. I'm looking right at them. Or, I can touch them, I can feel them, they're right here and that's good. Your senses are a great way to learn things. In fact, we have way more than the usual five senses we talk about. For instance, your kinesthetic sense, proprioception. This is what the police evaluate during a field sobriety test. It allows you to tell where your fingers and arms and head and legs in your body is all in relation to each other without having to look or touch other things. We have way more than five senses, we have at least twice as many and then some. But they're not perfect. There are optical illusions, audio illusions, temperature sensation illusions, even tactile illusions. Can you turn your tongue upside down? If so, perfect. Try this. Run your finger along the outer edge of the tip of your upside down tongue. Your tongue will be able to feel your finger, but in the wrong place. Our brains never needed to develop an understanding of upside down tongue touch. So, when you touch the right side of your tongue when it's flipped over to your left side you perceive a sensation on the opposite side, where your tongue usually is but isn't when it's upside down. It's pretty freaky and cool and a little humbling, because it shows the limits of the accuracy of our senses, the only tools we have to get what's out there in here. The philosophy of knowledge, the study of knowing, is called epistemology. Plato famously said that the things we know are things that are true, that we believe and that we have justification for believing. those justifications might be irrational or they might be rational, they might be based on proof, but don't get too confident because proven is not a synonym for true. Luckily, there are things that we can know without needing proof, without needing to even leave the house, things that we can know as true by reason alone. These are things that we know a priori. An example would be the statement "all bachelors are unmarried." I don't have to go survey every bachelor on earth to know that that is true. All bachelors are unmarried because that's how we define the word bachelor. Of course, you have to know what the words bachelor and unmarried mean in the first place. Oh, you do? Okay. Perfect. That's great. But how do you know? This time I mean functionally, how do you know? Where is knowledge biologically in the brain? What are memories made out of? We are a long way from being able to answer that question completely but research has shown that memories don't exist in the brain in single locations. Instead, what we call a memory is likely made up of many different complex relationships all over the brain between lots of brain cells, neurons. A major cellular mechanism thought to underlie the formation of memories is long-term potentiation or LTP. When one neuron stimulates another neuron repeatedly that signal can be enhanced overtime LTP, wiring them more strongly together and that connection can last a long time, even an entire lifetime. A collection of different brain cells, neurons that fire together in a particular order over and over again frequently and repeatedly can achieve long-term potentiation, becoming more sensitive to each other and more ready to fire in the exact same way later on in the future. They're a physical thing in your brain, firing together more easily because you strengthen that pattern of firing. You memorized. This branching forest of firing friends looks messy, but look closer. It could be the memory of your first kiss. A living souvenir of the event. If I were to go into your brain and cut out those cells, could I make you forget your first kiss or could I make you forget where your fingers are? Only if I cut out a lot of your brain. Because memories aren't just stored in one relationship, they're stored all over the brain. The events leading up to your first kiss are stored in one network, the way it felt to the way it smelled in different networks, all added up together making what you call the memory of your first kiss. How many memories can you fit inside your head? What is the storage capacity of the human brain? The best we can do is a rough estimate, but given the number of neurons in the brain involved with memory and the number of different connections a single neuron can make Paul Reber at Northwestern University estimated that we can store the digital equivalent of about 2.5 petabytes of information. That's the equivalent of recording a TV channel continuously for 300 years. That's a lot of information. That is a lot of information about skills you can do and facts and people you've met, things in the real world. The world is real, right? How do you know? It's a difficult question, but it's not rocket science. Instead, it is asking whether or not rocket scientists even exist in the first place. The theory that the Sun moved around the earth worked great. It predicted that the Sun would rise every morning and it did. It wasn't until later that we realized what we thought was true might not be. So, do we or will we ever know true reality or are we stuck in a world where the best we can do is be approximately true? Discovering more and more useful theories every day but never actually reaching true objective actual reality. Can science or reason ever prove convincingly that your friends and RU-vid videos and your fingers actually exist beyond your mind? That you don't just live in the matrix? No. Your mind is all that you have, even if you use instruments, like a telescope or particle accelerators. The final stop for all of that information is ultimately you. You are alone in your own brain, which technically makes it impossible to prove that anything else exists. It's called the egocentric predicament. Everything you know about the world out there depends on and is created inside your brain. This mattered so much to Charles Sanders Peirce that he drew a line between reality, the way the universe truly is, and what he called the phaneron, the world as filtered through our senses and bodies, the only information we can get. If you want to speak with certainty you live in, that is you react to and remember and experience your phaneron, not reality. The belief that only you exist and everything else, food, the universe, your friends are all figments of your mind is called solipsism. There is no way to convince a solipsist that the outside world is real. And there is no way to convince someone who doubts that the universe wasn't created just three seconds ago along with all of our memories. It's a frightening realization that we don't always know how to deal with. There's even The Matrix defense. In 2002 Tonda Lynn Ansley shot and killed her landlady. She argued that she believed she was in the matrix, that her crimes weren't real. By using the matrix defense, she was found not guilty by reason of insanity, because the opposite view is just way healthier and common. It's called realism. Realism is the belief that the outside world exists independently of your own phaneron. Rocks and stars and Thora Birch would continue to exist even if you weren't around to experience them. But you cannot know realism is true. All you can do is believe. Martin Gardner, a great source for math magic tricks, explained that he is not a solipsist because realism is just way more convenient and healthy and it works. As to whether it bothered him that he could never know realism was true, he wrote, "If you ask me to tell you anything about the nature of what lies beyond the phaneron, my answer is how should I know? I'm not dismayed by ultimate mysteries, I can no more grasp what is behind such questions as my cat can understand what is behind the clatter I make while I type this paragraph." Humble stuff. What strikes me is the cat. Cats do not understand keyboards, but they know the keyboards are a fun place to be. It's a great way to get the attention of a human, they're warm and exciting, surrounded by noises and flashing lights plus cats love to get their scent on whatever they can, a mark of their existence. We aren't that much different, except instead of keyboards we have the mysteries of the universe. We will never be able to understand all of them. We won't be able to ever answer every single question, but walking around in those questions, exploring them, is fun. It feels good. And as always, thanks for watching. Do you want more unanswered questions? Well, you're in luck. Today, nine other amazing channels on RU-vid have made videos about questions we still haven't fully answered. Alltime10s has organized them and to watch them all click the annotation at the end of this video or the link at the top of the description. Enjoy.
I love how listening to this song gives you sort of an empty feeling, and hydrogen atoms are 99.9999999999996% empty space. If each element had a song that fit it perfectly, this would be the song for hydrogen.
Shit gets real when this music turns on Like heavy real Like so real you begin pondering the existence of the universe and yourself *So real that you thing of cosmic stuff, and start to realize that the universe would still move on even when you are erased* *SO REAL YOU WILL BE KILLED BY VSAUCE, THE LAST THINGS YOU HEAR IS "Hey Vsauce, Michael here" AND HE BURIES YOUR BODY* Okay *maybe* not that last part, but you get the idea
+Mentaclink H̠̙͍̲̪͎͍̮͆́ͦ͐ͤ͒̉́E̗̟̞͇̗̺̔͌̅̂̏̄̎͜Y̖̔̄̍̊̈́͆͌ͩ ̬̩̯̰͉̻̀͑͡ͅṾ̛̩̃̊ͬ̐͟S̲͎̟̘̳̗̍́͂A̴̷͇̩̞̰̪͕͙͂ͭ͢Ȕ̺̪̝͔͆̈ͭͫ̇C̭̹̍̆̏̏ͥ͞E̶͚͍̓̆̈́ͧͣͮ̂͋,,̵̹̳̟͓͉͖̐ͧ ͎͙ͧ̉͑ͬͩͦ͟͠M̸̡̢̜͈̟͕̱̳̣ͪͭ́̑͊̄ͯͭI̴̪̗͉͎̭͎͊̉̐̍̈̍̅C̪̦͋̋́̅͠H̸̢̺̟̬̞̺ͧ̉͐̀ͬ̂ͮ̄͒ͅȀ҉̡̟̩͔͎̠̞̹̦́E̡̙̝̺̺̗̮̾̀͋̽̽ͤ̐̃ͅL̨̳̞̆ͫ͒ͭ͛ͣͧ ̐̏̓҉͕̥H̒ͤ͒̉҉̮͈̳̭̙͎̦È̞͓̤̙̹̑̃̏̔̉͘̕R̆͋ͭ̈́͏̡̙͈̱̝͈͉̜Ȩ̛̮̗͔̺͔̞ͯͩ͐, Where is your brain! (Okay I'll stop XD)
Hydrogen is two up quarks and one down quark of three different color charges exchanging gluons which changes their color charges, which holds the quarks together. The three quarks together are positively charged so an electron is attracted to it and stays in an orbital around it. That's hydrogen.
Obi Wan Kenobi Hydrogen gas is invisible but liquid hydrogen refracts light like water does. Hydrogen as plasma emits light and solid hydrogen has never been observed (but it's probably pretty visible).
AstroMoo2 Minecrafter i got the jake chudnow insomnia syndrome.. its even worse! You can never sleep because you listen to his music all the fucking time
2:48 this part is just amazing. it makes me look over all my decisions and choices in life and what’s later to come. amazing job jake, you deserve more recognition
You know what I just realized? Hydrogen is not that different from the earth. Lowly, a single point in spacetime, only one tiny part orbiting it, not knowing of what interactions it may be making with the outside world. That may just prove that, just like there are trillions upon trillions of hydrogen atoms in just our universe, there may also be trillions of earths, waiting to bond with an oxygen planet, making water on a galactic scale.
The term "here" refers to the location that the individual themselves is in. But what "individual" is actually speaking to you? The truth is, I'm not speaking to you right now. Your computer is simulating my message, you're being spoken to by pixels on a screen. But the computer isn't the one trying to tell you something; *I'm* trying to tell you something, and the computer is repeating my message. So, which is it? Who- or what- is speaking to you? I know you posted this a year ago, but I couldn't help myself. I'll bet you totally forgot this comment existed. Interesting psychology though; what if I didn't bother replying to this comment? You'd go the entire rest of your life totally forgetting that you ever posted this. Not that it matters much. But now you'll be reminded of what would otherwise be totally forgotten. But, with time, you will forget this comment again. You will forget I replied. I will forget this, too. But both your comment and my reply have been immortalized into this platform. Even after being forgotten, your comment and my reply will persist on the internet as long as this video exists on this platform. ...Honestly sounds like a better love story than Twilight. (P.s. I think you spelled his name wrong, lol.)
This is beyond amazing! I love VSauce and it gives me the feels of Michael telling something at the latter part of an episode, wow! this is just pure awesomeness infused in one video here.
at what point did human sentience begin? Between us and our pre-sentient ancestors, there was a missing link that behaved much differently than us or their own ancestors. Did a proto-human at one point just mentally snap and put two and two together, or was it gradual between generations? What are the intermediate stages of sentience and will we ever really know?
Dolphins hunt for sport, a human activity. Chimps conduct skirmishes, a human activity. A large portion of animals use tools in some way, another human activity. Elephants have intelligence on par with primates and cetaceans. And cetaceans are also quite smart. The boundary is grey, but many creatures approach it. Only humans & our dead hominid relatives have surpassed it.
Hey, Vsauce Michael here. But where is *here*? Well, first you need to understand the formula of infinity. Btw this is not my comment i found it in another songs comments section and i love it
well here's someone that can only understand sophisticated humor. i suppose that if i now say 0.999... exists as a number different from 1 in a formal number system, you're just gonna stab me with a spoon and then eat my inner flesh while roaring and moaning out of cannibalistic pleasure? please bitch about this. or about my minecraft-themed profile pic. please get triggered and reply in a manner which proves my subtle point and deny me the satisfaction of debating with an intelligent person
How long it’s been, I don’t Even know. It’s only me and You, and it’s time to go. Vacations in Space, deaths in the Air, do we even know? Does the Universe even care? Can’t anyone have Even a second to spare? Maybe we listen, I know some do. Could we take an Hour or two, to just Answer a few questions? Everyone will probably Like that. Hey, I’m sorry Everything stopped Rhyming. Read the first letter in Each line.
Imagine just imagine hearing this at night it’s as if it’s repeating it’s scary it’s taking out your sole although all of these things it feels hella good
I had a nightmare that i was waching a video, not at all related to the sause boy and I started hearing this song and then Michael popped up next to my bed and started talking about the existence of God and I woke up at like 4 in the morning covered in sweat because I was so anxious. Actually I had caught the flu and was having fever dreams but I just wanted to say thanks. I havnt watched vsause in like 3 years and I had to go looking for this song but I genuinely even after all these years feel the same existential dread I felt when I was a teen watching these videos. I needed that nestolga in muh life
I remember listening to this as a kid and just being horrified at the thought that we may not even exist. I'll probably sleep with my mother on those days ;)
Everytime this music plays, Micheal starts to induce fear in you by explaining the possibilities of the biggest events possible. Black holes, stars exploding, biggest numbers, death, impossible occurences. OR IS HE?!
