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Kronig-Penney Model Overview and the E/k Diagram 

Jordan Louis Edmunds
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If you want to see more of these videos, or would like to say thanks for this one, the best way you can do that is by becoming a patron - see the link above :). And a huge thank you to all my existing patrons - you make these videos possible.
Here I go over the results of the kronig-penney model: The E/k (energy/momentum) diagram. This diagram determines which states the electrons are allowed to occupy, and is the fundamental result we will use in developing the concept of effective mass and the energy band diagram.
This is part of my series on semiconductor physics (often called Electronics 1 at university). This is based on the book Semiconductor Physics and Devices by Donald Neamen, as well as the EECS 170A/174 courses taught at UC Irvine.
Hope you found this video helpful, please post in the comments below anything I can do to improve future videos, or suggestions you have for future videos.

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12 сен 2024

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Комментарии : 56   
@JordanEdmundsEECS
@JordanEdmundsEECS 6 лет назад
If people would find it useful, I could make a series of videos on how to actually solve Schrodinger's equation for the Kronig-Penny model. Comment below if you are interested :)
@NightmareLDrago
@NightmareLDrago 6 лет назад
yes man
@scrowdstudios6590
@scrowdstudios6590 6 лет назад
Great explanation pretty good
@hasan8381
@hasan8381 5 лет назад
Please proceed. Desperately Waiting for it
@paulhuang507
@paulhuang507 5 лет назад
really interested~~~
@faisalsayyed3155
@faisalsayyed3155 5 лет назад
Please sir
@harshit3446
@harshit3446 11 месяцев назад
I have found gem , as a 2nd year Electrical Engineering Major with not so good teacher I can't thank you enough. Thank you Edmunds's parents for making him .
@aryansudan2239
@aryansudan2239 10 месяцев назад
seconded
@AliKhan-pt6qu
@AliKhan-pt6qu 5 лет назад
Thank you so much for making all these videos. I appreciate your efforts and time that you invested. Let me tell you that it makes a lot of my uncleared concepts now being cleared.
@JordanEdmundsEECS
@JordanEdmundsEECS 5 лет назад
Thank you :) I’m very happy to hear that
@lichifang632
@lichifang632 2 года назад
This is incredible. I wish I found these videos earlier
@englishfortelugupeoples
@englishfortelugupeoples 3 года назад
In a moment, I'm gonna go over how this actually takes place. You could take 1or 2 upon 3. We'd expect this cancels that. Really really simple. In the next session, I'm gonna explain How Good This Video Is.
@CossZt6
@CossZt6 4 года назад
Just a question out of my curiosity: if one were to handle the potential wells as 1/r functions, would the natural way to do that be to expand the potential using the Legendre polynomial basis?
@JordanEdmundsEECS
@JordanEdmundsEECS 4 года назад
Perhaps... I’m not sure how tractable that is when you have periodicity to deal with, but honestly I’ve never tried :D
@kevinchau5336
@kevinchau5336 5 лет назад
omg! thank you so much for this video!
@bestofwildnout3479
@bestofwildnout3479 2 года назад
Hey, I know I'm late but it would be great if you could give us some materials/books to read along while watching these videos. Specifically, the ones you might've used.
@zacharythatcher7328
@zacharythatcher7328 3 года назад
The kronig-penny model is good for understanding the bands consist of quantum mechanically allowed continuous regions when an infinite periodic potential is introduced, but isn't the linear combination of atomic orbitals (tight binding model) the more proper and useful way to derive band structures of atoms because it allows you to easily introduce additional potential terms and makes the application of group theory and symmetry arguments more obvious (you can represent your potential terms as matrices with symmetries)? I am actually not completely sure of this. I have learned both the kronig-penny model in passing and the tight binding model a little more in depth, so the math that I know is all that I am basing this off of. I am not a real theorist. It might be that the kronig penny model is more useful for semi-conductors and I am learning about metals or something like that, so feel free to provide feedback/correct me.
@JordanEdmundsEECS
@JordanEdmundsEECS 3 года назад
I'm not a real theorist either, just an engineer :)p. For the most fundamental quantum-mechanical way of seeing the splitting into bands, I really like perturbation theory. If you bring two hydrogen atoms close together, you can use perturbation theory to show that the new energies of the system will no longer be degenerate, they split a little bit. Repeat this process over and over and you get a bunch of splitting, although this is a qualitative argument, and it's not obvious the splitting would be confined to certain regions (bands) separated by gaps (bandgaps).
@delafrog
@delafrog 3 года назад
The Kronig-Penney model allows to obtaine a tight binding model approximation. Not by combination of single potential well`s orbitals, but through analize of the result characteristic equation. You can find some details here: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-t1f2QUGTjMs.html
@VedJoshi..
@VedJoshi.. Год назад
a correction is that "k" is not actual momentum.... its more like a mathematical quantity that indexes the allowed energy eigenstates, often loosely called "Crystal momentum"
@shubham1999
@shubham1999 5 лет назад
Energy of an electron in conduction band is E+E_c, here E is the K.E. which depends on temperature(degrees of freedom). Recombination will occur when electron will lose all its energy i.e E+E_c. Electron loses energy when it collides with the crystal irregularities. My doubt is why does recombination occur since if electron loses all the KE, it will remain at E_c and not go to E_v. Also temperature is being held fixed so it has sufficient energy, then why does recombination occur?
@JordanEdmundsEECS
@JordanEdmundsEECS 5 лет назад
You are completely correct, electrons only lose their *kinetic* energy when undergoing collisions in the lattice. When they encounter a hole (whether that is a hole in the valence band or in a trap in the semiconductor lattice) then it recombines with the hole. You are completely right that collisions themselves do not cause recombination to happen. In fact, in the case of impact ionization, collisions can actually do the *opposite* and cause *more* electron-hole pairs to be generated.
@shubham1999
@shubham1999 5 лет назад
@@JordanEdmundsEECS Sir, you mean to say that electron ain't need to lose all its energy for recombination if it encounters a hole?
@akashgupta1307
@akashgupta1307 3 года назад
u is proportional to 1/r ,so why is it taken to be zero at positive ion core instead of maximum as r tends to 0 at that point?
@JordanEdmundsEECS
@JordanEdmundsEECS 3 года назад
U is proportional to *negative* 1/r, so we just approximate that negative infinity as zero (or just less than when the potential isn’t nearby).
@Upgradezz
@Upgradezz 3 года назад
Are the Wells " energy wells"or "potential wells'
@user-ge8hj9br6w
@user-ge8hj9br6w 3 года назад
why is Ev on the negative quadrant?
@still1nlovewithyou
@still1nlovewithyou 4 месяца назад
now i'm confused everytime i see the 'k', kinetic, wave numer and booltzman constant. i must stop and wait a sec to confirm it
@user-um1kx3rl7w
@user-um1kx3rl7w 5 лет назад
What's happened?Why I can't open the videos?Besides, I love them very much!Thank you)
@unknownman1
@unknownman1 6 лет назад
thank you
@Edddaye
@Edddaye 5 лет назад
Yo. Si should have an indirect bandgap, why is your E-K diagram a direct one?
@JordanEdmundsEECS
@JordanEdmundsEECS 5 лет назад
Just to simplify things when explaining them. Silicon does have a direct bandgap as well, it’s just at like 4eV ;)
@Edddaye
@Edddaye 5 лет назад
@@JordanEdmundsEECS to have a direct bandgap, this means to have the minimum of the conduction band and the maximum of the valence band to occur at the same momentum, 'k' value. This isn't the case for Si.
@JordanEdmundsEECS
@JordanEdmundsEECS 5 лет назад
If you look at the full band structure of Si, it does have a *local* conduction band minima and *local* valence band maxima that form a direct bandgap. When we say silicon has an “indirect bandgap” we just mean that the *global *maxima/minima are not indirect.
@chaitanyakunda8583
@chaitanyakunda8583 4 года назад
hey! can you make a video for proof of kronig-penny model.
@rzalman96
@rzalman96 7 месяцев назад
You can only "prove" a model by experiment
@koushikreddy9353
@koushikreddy9353 6 лет назад
Thanks!!
@elmehdilagziri160
@elmehdilagziri160 3 года назад
perfect
@user-sg7rv4rp8x
@user-sg7rv4rp8x 3 года назад
شكراً
@abd-el-rahmannasser3750
@abd-el-rahmannasser3750 3 года назад
genius
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