Lac Operon 

i really find that 3D visuals of the molecules really help my brain much much better than simple 2D squares etc. Really good video

It was really simple and visualisation makes it simpler to understand. Class 12th (biology) students from India might find it very helpful.

Thank you!!!! So easy to understand!!! My professor took 2 hours "explaining" this and you totally made it make sense in 3:27 min!!!

Thank you so much for posting this. I have a test tomorrow on the lac operon and stuff like this, and up until now I've been absolutely lost. I may actually not fail! Thanks!

Thank you so much! You've made it look so easy!! My biology teacher just gave us a worksheet and told us to learn the Lac Operon and didn't bother teaching it.

this is like 100x more useful then a picture and 3 paragraphs of words........ THANKS ALOT!!

That's not true. Lactose does not bind onto the lac repressor. Lactose gets transformed into allolactose, and the allolactose binds onto the lac repressor

this video is simply amazing thanks for uploading it .It just cleared out all my doubts…

Really easy to understand now, I wish I discovered this video sooner!

very good thanks a lot I understood it very well

These three minutes of watching is equal to 30 minutes of reading. Great material, thank you very much!

I was just reading my textbook about this and it was going over my head and unappreciated. Watching this has helped a ton! It's really incredible and amazing how intuitive these systems are! A bunch of biomolecules doing such clever things! Awesome!

saw this on mute when in my online class same topic was going in and helped me a lot to understand

Thank you. :) We use Autodesk's Maya.

Was really helpful 3 D animations are immensely useful in learning biology.

Really great for my Genetics revision - thanks so much! Whilst it doesn't include cAMP, or the fact that it is Allolactose which induces the system, it was great for simplifying the process so I could get my head around it. Thanks again! ^^

The inducer is allolactose rather than lactose itself, but a great visual representation.

glucose decreases adenyl cyclase- reducing cAMP thereby repressing the lac operon. the purpose of the lac operon is to make glucose by breaking down lactose (glucose + galactose). when there's plenty of glucose, there's no need to breakdown lactose to get it.

The best video that teach me jst before 20 minutes of my examination

i have a final for biology tomorrow and my teacher showed this video to us earlier in the year. it helped me so much then and it helped me so much now to refresh my mind on this topic

Thank you for the teaching of the lac Oberon. Blessing to you.

The 3D picturization makes it easy to understand...Thank you so much for this 😊

Dudeee... I got goosebumps when I realised that this video almost as old as I am. It's like 16 years old..... and so GOOOOOD!!!! Dyamn.... internet is really something la.

thmbs up for a video that is very helpful as a review tool

There is a CAP activation protein and it is VERY important (although, not necessary for expression of the regulatory genes). Here's how it works (if you or anyone else aren't sure how it works): if there are low levels of glucose, then the cell needs another energy source (like lactose). As [glc] is low, [cAMP] should be high, and this is the substrate for CAP to activate it. The active CAP binds to the promotor sequence and facilitates the binding of RNA polymerase.

I believe this "cute cartoon" presentation was intended for beginner's biology students to help them get the gist of the lac operon and its subcomponents. Saying it is "inaccurate" would be unfair and untrue.

Thank you for making this easy to visualise!

Even though it's missing a few information, it was a good visualization of how the whole thing works.

@jolymate This is a negatively controlled inducible operon. This is because the product of the regulator gene is required to shut OFF the expression of the structural genes (Z,Y,A).

Just to add, it is the lac I region that encodes for the repressor, which only represses the operon in the absence of allolactose (the inducer).

Very simple and perfect explanation to the complex content

I have sooooo much information to study *bangs head against wall* this helped me a lot though! Visualization is great

Thank you for this video. Reading my notes from class doesn't make ANY sense at all but this all does!

From india , literally ncert choked me up with their description thanks fr this 🙂

Thank you for making this video. It's excellent for class instruction.

This is the best explanation i've seen. Thanks.

Superb video 📹 Helped me a lot 😊

The entry of lactose into the cell is due to the noisy expression of the lac operon, which leads to low levels of permease even in the absence of lactose ; similarly the transformation of lactose to allolactone (the actual allosteric effector of the lac repressor as already noted), is mediated by b-galactosidase (which again is present at low levels due to noise in gene expression.

i personally found it very useful i really didn't understand the lac operon until i saw this thanks :)

Excellent explanation

This is really good. I didnt even undsrstand what an operon is. But thanks to your visuals bow i got it its a part of DNA and how it works properly

Pristine animation, easy to understand ty :)

This is actually a little broad. When Lactose first enters the Prokaryote some of the lactose is converted to Allolactose. Allolactose is the inducer molecule that binds to the repressor molecule that removes it from the Lac Operation site and allows mRNA polymerase to come in and transcribe the operon

@Azamspazam91 No. Lactose is a complex sugar which is broken down by the protiens created. That additional step of breaking down lactose is why the bacteria prefers glucose, per bpat' explanation, because glucose is easier for the cell to convert into ATP.

That was a good video it defiantly saved me hours of deciphering my crappy notes. Btw the third protein is lactose transacetylase

This animation's awesome! It's just missing the point about the fact that low glucose and high lactose concentration leads to increased [cAMP], leading to the catabolite activator protein binding somewhere in front of the promoter region, allowing the RNA polymerase to bind more effectively to the DNA strand.

Goddamn, these 3D art science visualisations crack me up!

good picturisation...................

Easy way to understand d process. Good work.

Beautifully animated

This is super genius.i watched it once and i don't need to open my book anymore..^.^

1:30 Wrong. Beta gal first transformers some lactose into an isomer of lactose: alllactose which binds to the repressor molecule causing a conformation al change in its shape. The repressor cannot bind to the operator and thus RNA polymerase is free to transcribe the gene coding for lactose metabolism enzymes.

thanks even for someone learning this in another language its good explained. very nice Visualisation there should be more videos like this. Teachers should use them at school

I have this topic almost in every sem... I always watch this video... Its just awesome..! I seriously dont go through the theory.. I will just watch this video😇

really helped me with AP bio

lac operon actually came up in the exam! this really helped :)

what i did not understand in class for 30 mins that i have understood in 3 min :P

thanks your video helps me really well to understand lac operon properly

I love the music when the vid starts lol

This is very helpful, the best one by far!!!!

That was a damn fantastic informative video!

"If animations were being played in universities, we human race could save save so much more time of our short life wasting in studying, and do greater things earlier in life"

Thank u for taking time to make this video

Just 3 min video and i am clear with the concept ..applause🙋

A very beautiful demonstration thanks

What I was taught was that lactose can not enter the cell through diffusion alone and must enter through permease as it is not a small non polar molecule. The question was how could this regulation continue if there was no permease as proteins have turn over rates and dont last forever, and if there is no lactosse within the cell. Apparently there's something called sneak transcription where the represser like all proteins turns over and the polymerase sneaks in and transcribes more mRNA before a new repressor is put in place. Correct me if Im wrong.

Superb video!!!...Full concept clearing..

@mem0ries0fy0u yeah high CAMP means high Catabolite activator protein CAM (also called CAMP receptor protein CRP) which decreases the affinity of the repressor to the mRNA, so only with high CAMP and low glucose will you get maximum enzymes made

I find it very useful .. it made my concept very strong. . Thanks for this video. . !!

How old and amazing this video is 😍🤩😃

That animation is badass.

I'm sorry for asking, but isn't allolactose that comes from lactose, the inducer? I really am confused now because I thought that allolactose is the inducer. Please correct me if I am wrong. Thank you

Not a bad video, but you are missing the Catabolite Repression mechanism.

The only problem I have with this animation is that the mRNA is not degraded. It shows ribosomes after ribisomes using the same mRNA strand to make many proteins. It's my understanding that mRNA is degraded after one use so that proteins aren't continually made. It should have showned ribonuclease breaking down the mRNA after one set of proteins were made, and then RNA polymerase starting over again. Am I wrong?

Really good video

that was the simplest lac operon video...

wow this one is great! . straightforward

you didn't mention that the entire operon is transcribed at a low level due to the occasional failure of the lacI termination mechanism, which is why lactose can enter the cell and how it gets converted to allolactose (by beta-gal).

My biology class made me watch this!! Thumbs up if you are too!!

CAP-glucose relationship has to do with positive gene regulation. this video focuses on negative gene regulation, excluding cAMP and CAP

The animation videos are very useful, thank you!

ndsu, all your videos are amazing. north dakota state, you know what's up! haha. thanks so much. as for lac operons, isn't there a CAP activator though? i'm not sure if that's important or not anymore if this video didn't mention it

Such a great video!!! Thanks for sharing this!

Very helpful! Thank you! xoxo

Best video ever..made it all easy..thank you!

كلللللللش استفاديت الموضوع جدا صعب والفديو سهله شكرااااااااااا لكم

Thank you so much. Excellent job. .....

Absolutely masterful video!

Best animation on lac operon..👍

thank you for saving my time

Absolutely awesome explanation, thank you so much!

Thank you mam.it was very useful for me for understanding the lac operon

It's so stirring.

Thank you sis it is greatly used for me.keep on

im flying though my notes bc of this video! thanks!

Excellent video

Awesome and very informative video. Thanks!

Very helpful and well explained! Thank you very much!

simple and valuable. well done

Nice explantation super I understand very well