Languages of Spain 

We, the Galicians, have more than 100 words to describe different types of rain. Some of them have direct translate to spanish, and most of them are unique. The kind of stuff you do when you live in a place that is raining 200 days in a year.

Fun fact, the word Aran in Vall d'Aran, Aranese, actually comes from aran in basque, which means valley. So Vall d'Aran would mean valley of valleys

Se dice "tengo veintiún* años" (cuando el numeral va delante de un sustantivo apocopa perdiendo la vocal: si quitases "años" sí que podría ser "Tengo veintiuno.")

You've got to love the Basque family tree

Thanks for making this. When non-Spaniards think of Spain, the only thing that really comes to mind are flamenco-playing guitarrists and people stabbing live bulls while shouting olé, while forgetting the relatively huge cultural and linguistic diversity there is in such a fascinating country.

Normal youtubers: *sponsored by Raid* Hilbert: *sponsored by the city of Lugo* I love your channel man, keep up the amazing work!

as a Frenchman (Normandy / Roussillon) living in Northern Catalonia (French part) who lived for 12 years in Barcelona (Spanish part), I have to say that's a (subjectively) great video! thanks

I really like this video and I appreciate the inclusion of Asturleonese. I'm originally from Latin America but moved to Spain more than 10 years ago, and I speak Castillian and Catalan. Would love to learn Basque someday.

Now we need a video about the romance languages located in modern France 👌

Gracias Xilberto vuestro súbdito leal del la corona Española en Los Países Bajos Edit: I even had read this out loud with a Spanish accent to sound as pompous as possible

Incredible video! As a galician, very proud of your analysis. And thanks for including Asturianu ❤ their speakers really need the recognition they deserve!

Actually not everyone in Spain speaks Spanish. There are many people who only speak the regional languages, especially older people. For example, my grandparents can’t speak Spanish - they understand it perfectly, but they don't speak it. They only speak Galician.

You forgot to mention fala, the whistled languages of la Gomera and el Hierro, the dialects of portugese spoken on the border with Portugal, caló, a mix of Spanish and indo-aryan spoken by the romani people, and another mixed language of Basque and indo-aryan.

7:40 That is not the correct flag of Galicia but a flag called Estreleira that is used by various left-wing Galician nationalist groups like the Bloque Nacionalista Galego. Some people might find offensive/controversial that you are using an independentist flag to represent Galicia, it would be like if you used the Estelada to represent Catalonia. I assume it's just a mistake and personally it doesn't bother me, I'm actually more used to seeing the Estreleira used by people than the official flag but I'm not Spanish and I know how divisive nationalism/independentism is in Spain. Edit: Now that I've seen you were sponsored by the city council of Lugo, it seems bizarre you used that flag, even in the thumbnail! I can't imagine PP or PSdG being happy about it!

Catching all errors: - 0:00 It's not hacienda, it's haciendo. Hacienda is more like finance. - 0:49 It's dónde, not donde. - 0:56 It would be "veintiún" not "veintiuno" - 1:00 In Peninsular Spanish, it is "bonita colonia" not "colonia bonita". I'm not aware if it's the same in Latin America. - 3:54 The Province of Valencia is a subdivision of what you have circled, an autonomous community known as the Valencian Community. Spain is made up of Autonomous Communities, further subdivided into provinces. - 6:15 Same mistake, not Valencia, but the Valencian Community. - 14:05 It is also mostly spoken in the Chartered Community of Navarre, mostly in the northern part. - 16:11 The Chartered Community of Navarre is a special case. It is one of the only "autonomous communities" that consist of only 1 province, so no "Northern Provinces of Navarre". - 16:53 Occitan in Spanish is called "Occitano", "Aranés" is the dialect spoken in the region inside Spain (Aranese).

20:02 Thanks for talking about Aragonaise! It's a language that is very forgotten, and it's sad that even in Aragón there is a lot of people that disregard ir saying that it's a dialect of latín instead of a language, and that it shouldn't be preserved. Thanks to people like you for recognising the fabla!

Thanks a lot for putting in the light smaller cultures :)

As most of the comments from my fellow Spaniards here, I'm very much grateful for your work. Spain is a country similar to the UK and while the UK gets more recognition for it's languages and cultures, Spain doesn't. So it's so rewarding to see people actively learn about Spain and discover more rather than stay uneducated and think of Spain as simply "Bullfighting, Paella, Flamenco", because those stereotypes are harmful not only to Spain, but to the Autonomies within it. I said it before and I'll say it again, great video despite it's mistakes, I am very proud of your work, Gracies and Gracias Salutations from the Valencian Community 🤗❤️

A video about the languages spoken in Italy would be highly appreciated😏

0:56 That would actually be "Tengo veintiún años". "Uno" gets shortened to "un" when it accompanies a noun; "tengo treintaiún granos de maíz", but "tengo treintaiuno".

Nowadays, Occitan, Catalan, and sometimes Aragonese are grouped different from Ibero-romance and Gallo-Romance in their own group called Occitano-romance.

Valencian is different to Catalan like Croat to Serb. Same language, people just like to call it different to separate us even more

As a Spaniard, this is a really good video! I'm so happy :)

It’s about time someone addressed this. Thanks Hilbert. Also can you do a video on Anglo Saxon poem “The Ruin” it’s quite interesting what it describes.

Tell your age without telling your age: I remember when Hevia put Asturian on the World Music map.

I have been following your channel for a while and I love your work and today this video was a glad surprise to me. Segueix amb la bona feina! Greetings from the old Iltirta

Look up Silbo Gomero, the whistling based language from the Canaries, there's a couple videos on RU-vid.

My family is from Northern Basque in France along the Pyrenees mountains speak both French and the Upper Navarrese dialect, It is crazy how Spanish and French sound so unalike compared to Basque dialects.

Nice video, but you forgot that Catalan is also spoken in La Franja de Aragón, which lies in the neighboring Community of Aragón. I'm pretty sure it's a mistake, but I like that you used the separatist Galician flag, because independence movements are really interesting to me, that's why I also liked the choice of "Eusko Gudariak" for the Basque country 👍

You have a few mistakes but your work is just incredible, all the information is correct and it is so well explained. As a valencian Im proud of seeing that now more people can learn more about the culture from all the regions of Spain thanks to your job. Keep it like that💪🏻💪🏻

Probablement iste siga lo millor u mes completo de totz os videos que he veyiu d'as luengas d'o mío país. Realment bueno, norabuena per lo video zagal!!

This was great. I'd love to see more videos like this for all the countries of Europe, or at least the ones with three or more native languages in them. Italy, France, and Germany come readily to mind.

brilliant! i've been curious about this for a little while, since learning more about catalan, so many thanks for the overview.

as a basque i know all this shit but i came here just to get mad if you say something wrong

Basque is also spoken in Northern Navarre. Basque is a pre-indoeuropean language, of course. Regardless of whether the Basque Country acquires independence from Spain, Castille was always in a massive debt to Euskaldun people. Now, this was a beautiful video, Spain being of course a supremely confusing country

This was a great video! Your effort is much appreciated! I loved that I could recognise who was speaking in the clips in central and balearic catalan. It was former catalan president Artur Mas and a clip from a Mallorcan girl called Ona, if I am not mistaken.

Can you make a video on the history of Romanian and Eastern Romance languages? That would be so cool

aaaaaa i LOVE this video. thank you SO much for this visibility, it’s pretty much needed, specially for the most endangered languages as asturleonese or aragonese. i speak both castillian and asturleonese (it’s central asturian variety), and i have some notes tho: - about the castillian part: ventiuno loses it's -o when it's an adjective that comes b4 a noun, so it will be ventiún años (this happens only with the number "uno", one, and all places where it appears as such, so treintaiun/o, cuarentaiun/o, cientocincuentaiun/o etc). also, it's weird but "idiota" doesn't vary for gender, so it's "idiotas" both for males and females (esos pavos son unos idiotas = those boys are idiots). - about the asturleonese part: in my variety the third phrase is «fai un cutu qu’escarabaya’l pelleyu, pinga’l mocu y corta’l mexu», «cortar el mexu» doesn’t actually mean to cut you open but to «stop the pee flow», as in if you were to try to pee in that situation, your pee will stop because of how cold it is. On other note, i read somewhere that another influence of basque on castillian (and asturleonese through castillian) it’s the five phonetic vowel system, which is exactly the same as the one from basque. both castillian and asturleonese are the only two romance languages (that i know) with only 5 vowels. Dont take this info for granted bc im too lazy to info-check it, but if you or any person reading this is curious about it, i dont think it will be too difficult to find. The recognition of galician and portuguese being the same language it’s been increasing really fast this past years both socially and in the academia. there’s not that many linguists left that support the two language theory, and the majority of those who do support it usually use cultural, social and political context arguments, not purely filo-linguistic ones. there’s even this new orthography system called «AGAL» that’s convergent with portuguese instead of spanish (so, instead of «año» they write «anho», or instead of «corazón» they write coraçom -not coração, they retain all the particularities of galician, understanding them as dialectical features-). If you’re interested in the topic, i suggest you check out olaxonmario youtube channel, he’s a galician youtuber and he knows a lot of language stuff. he has a few videos on this topic (historical context to why galician was force to converge with spanish, the new writing system etc). He even appears in some ecolinguist channel interacting with speakers of several varieties of portuguese (including european and brazilian).

Un vídeo sobre les llengües d'Espanya, això significa una guerra als comentaris imminent, i em quedo aquí per veure-la 😎. Uà, que no n'hi ha res més adequat que Els Segadors per presentar al català!. Bon vídeo ❤️.

Please make a series of the "Languages of..." video. This video and the British one are my favourites on your channel and as UK and Spain are the countries that I am most familiar with I enjoyed them immensely, but as I said would be great to see more videos like this. Thanks very much Hilbert.

Really good to see these videos. Love to see galicia represented, and I even learnt some new things! Grazas!

Gracias Lugo, Galizia por fondear (rendir fondos) a History With Hilbert con motivo de crear este fantástico video sobre nuestras lenguas Ibéricas y dejar a conocer este interesante festival sobre las campañas militares que unieron a Galicia y el resto de Iberia a Roma. Me fascinaria ir y conocer en persona sobre Gallaecia y Celtiberia.

I love your linguistics videos man. Had no idea I was interested in this stuff but it's awesome.

Nice video Hilbert! Just a clarification the Galician flag you put in the video is the nationalistic version, nevertheless it's cool to see my language mentioned on your channel. Greetings from Galicia!

Hello, I speak Aragonese I just have a couple of things to say: When you say the names of Patues for example, those are just the names of the dialects os Aragonese, just like when some people say they speak Andalusian, the Spanish spoken in that region. The name "Fabla" is a derogatory way to name the lenguage, is like if you name "habla" to spanish or "parla" to Catalan. One more thing is that Aragonese comes directly from the Gallo-Romance family, some things are similar to some ibero-romance family, but comes from the first one. Anyway, the video is awesome, seriously, good job, if you need something related to the Aragonese lenguage, just let me know.

I love the video so far, but little nitpick, at the beginning, the phrase "tengo veintiuno años", would sound better as "tengo veintiún años".

This video is a wonderful example of how to present a complex subject in a limited time, without sacrificing either detail or wider connections. Many thanks!

Really nice explained!! About Asturleonese, the example that you selected as Leonese is in fact Extremaduran, that's because the dialect spoken on South Leon (Salamanca Province) is in fact same one as the Extremaduran!! Thanks for making our linguistic patrimony better known!!

As an andalusian... you should make a video of the "southern spanish dialect" because it has a lot of varieties. Someone from Sevilla (western Andalusia) speaks differently from someone from Granada (eastern Andalusia) or Murcia (Murcia's region). There are a lot of differences between the varietys of the southern dialect

Man I'd like to see Hilbert trying to tackle south slavic languages and dialects seeing as it's simple in some parts, but complicated in others

THANK YOU SO MUCH for mentioning Eonavian! I never heard anyone outside the region talk about it, let alone a non-spanish person. It makes me feel so happy that you talked about us and our dialect :)

Hilbert must be one of those Dutch chaps that learns he has 1.7% Iberian ancestry on 23andMe Just joking lol. Love your work, man. Definitely one of the best [English-language] sources for Iberian historical ethnocultural information in this platform.

I live next to galicia and i like it because i can speak portuguese and they understand. The two languages are very similar

*Hilbert makes my day! Thank you ☺️.*

Great video hilbert, just wanted to tell you that you missed silbo gomero as the last of the languages in Spain, it is a very cool language "spoken" by whistles in the canary island. Again great video and dont take this as a correction whatsoever, but as you like languages youd probably be surprised by this one.

awesome could u do a video on the basque-algonquin creole? :)

I love your videos Hilbert!

Muito obrigado pela vossa partilha. Muito interessante o tema abordado. Sou português, aqui em Portugal falamos uma só língua, somos uma nação muito antiga (1143) e temos uma identidade muito forte e vincada. Abraços aos vizinhos espanhóis 🤗

Gràcies pel vídeo, molt complet i ben explicat!

Thank you for this video. Well when it comes to Basque and Georgian there are several connections: Georgian and Basque have the same structure: the verb is plural and both languages have an ergative. In Indo-European languages, there is neither a plural verb nor an ergative. There are several words that are almost the same phonetically too. It is a very big and deep subject but in Georgia, there is significant support for the connection theory. P.S. Georgian here.

10/10 video. I would love to see this with other countries!

I'm basque, I speak basque, Catalan and Spanish. But I also would like to learn occitan/aranese and recover the old aragonese language.

7:40 You've got the Galician flag wrong. That's the flag of a political party. Just had to point it out. Anyway, good video.

Excellent video. The variety of languages on the Iberian Peninsular is something that fascinates me. I moved to Portugal from the U.K. 4 years ago so I would have liked to see you include Portuguese in this video. In fairness you touched on it and it can be argued the Portuguese language deserves a video of its own - besides the Portuguese people do not like to be lumped in with the Spanish - but linguistically the relationship between the two languages is fascinating. You might one day do a video on all the varieties of Portuguese around the world. Also, as I know you are into National Flags, you should explore the long history of the Portuguese flag. Thanks for this video.

For anyone interested I believe the music at 0:41 is “Si me quieres escribir”

Man you videos are so good, who are you and why do you know so much history? I enjoy the dark age Britain stuff, but being French I feel that this period is not that much researched or talked about here. I might be wrong, but I don't find that much information. Also, as a Gascon myself, I find it interesting that you mentioned Aranese. Their language is even a variety of "valley" gascon, spoken in the mountain, the main feature being the change in definite articles ("eth, era" instead of "lo, la"). Insteresting as well to note that it's the only form of occitan with official recognition as France still refuses to give it any official status (and probably never will thanks to our mad centralisation).

Thanks for motivating me to figure out how to down-sample stereo to mono so my half-broken headphones don't make me miss things

Nice facto to put Fala on the video, some friends of mine speak it and is so incredible how they keep that language from the past

I'm Catalan and i speak central catalan and i loved this video, it's so well made and i thik it's very accurate. I'm surprised that i didn't know about some of those languages!!

Great video Hilbert; well-researched and presented. Your Basque pronunciation was pretty good and as you probably know by now, Basque is as phonetic as Castilian so you pretty much pronounce it as it is written. Kudos to the Galegos for sponsoring you. Great job!

Romanian actually had the neuter gender in nouns and adjectives, whereas Asturian only has it in adjectives and only in a specific usage

3:51 Small correction there, those aren't provinces, those are autonomous comunities or autonomies for short. An autonomie can be divided into several provinces or have just one but they aren't equivalent nonetheless. Great video anyway!

This is a very good video overall, though there are some minor mistakes in the video, apart from the pronouncing ones, that everyone wanted to point out, theese are some others. I hope you accept them :) 2:08 not a mistake but would have been great to mention the basque influence over castilian as you mentioned arabic, basque influence produced the main deformation of castilian latin. The entire vocalic system of castilian is inherited from Basque and it's also the reason why spanish has everything you said here 4:28 Oops! you are almost 55 years outdated! French is the most distant romance language apart from romanian, that's why catalan and occitan are grouped as occitano-romance since 1966. 5:12 nope, it's not based in central catalan, Catalan standard is only for writing but spoken standard does not exist. Written standard is built in order to fit all different pronounciations of catalan dialect. It's kind of a distinct way to build standards i guess. 7:47 actually portuguese and galician are still grouped as the same in linguistic sciences. The galician-portuguese boarder does not even fit dialects. It's good to point out Portuguese and Spanish are often considered a dialectal continuum. Though a castilian and an Alentiejan won't understand, a castilian will fully understand an asturian, the asturian will fully understan the galician, the galician will fully understand the northern portuguese and finally the portuguese will fully understand the southern portuguese. Still this is not popularly accepted. 14:55 maybe i should watch the entire video before commenting but yes, this is widely accepted as true. Also explain the rolled R, the soft g and others. I think there is no sound not shared by both castilian and basque (should check), and this is not recent, have been like this for centuries 15:13 "only pre-indoeuropean language", "the only left-overs of the romans", well, that's literally the only known thing about basque, not a theory lol. Also point out thet there are many weird similarities between basque and eurasian languages, specially turkic, not as if they had common ancestors but as if they were in contact for a long time since they are mostly phonetical similarities. This video is actually very good and let me tell you some something incredible, most dialect have also regional names so you can not-to-call it as a cardinal direction :D

@History With Hilbert, the Catalan language interest me more and one question, what software do you use to make your presentation for your videos?

The video was really good, hope you’ll be able to do languages of France and Italy

I am gonna comment every video you made until you made the OAS video

I was supposed to finish something this evening but screw it, it's linguistics with Hilbert time!

For all people that hates my country because of the anti-spanish propaganda coming from all around the world: Don't use this video to throw shit towards my country on the comments and just enjoy the differents languages of Spain and educate yourselfs.

I love your channel Hilbert! Every video is so interesting. I don't know anything about you but I feel like you'd be a great friend haha

Muy buen documental y pronunciación. Saludos desde Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid)

Vídeo con subtítulos en galego? Non esperaba isto. Moi ben!

Hello there, what Adjectives in the English language have weird etymological origins?? Like Cannibal, Alcoholic, etc

Unbelievable...who gives this a thumbs down? Fantastic video that required a ton of research...well done! There are some really ignorant people out there living sad lives.

Hi Hilbert (and anyone else really), you might want to give the band Boisson Divine a listen, they're a folk metal band that sings in Gascon.

This is a great video, and I honestly love that you made it. A few things I'd like to point out: At the begining of the video, the minor grammatical mistakes in the Spanish text may have been intentional, but for those who didn't notice them, lemme very quickly write the correct phrases here: Hola; ¿dónde está la playa? Me llamo Hilbert. ←This one was written correctly. Tengo veintiún años. ←Some adjectives and determinants change forms when they precede the noun they modify, mainly determinants, and mainly numeric ones. (I'ma change the word order a bit to make this one more natural) Idiotas holandeses, (se) robaron nuestra bonita colonia. (The 'se' would be used more in Latin American Spanish here, not so much is European Spanish) (While here you said 'putos', which would be right, when writing 'idiotas' you did it wrong: 'idiotas' has no masculine or feminine forms) Next thing: the intermediate between Galician and Asturian is also refered to as "fala" or "la fala", at least by us living in Asturias; to us, it sounds like Galician, but, to Galicians, it sounds like Asturian. As for your information about Asturian: 1: you butchered the pronunciation completly. The x in Asturian is pronounced more similarly to an English sh. 2: The 'neuter' gender isn't really neuter or a gender. In central and eastern dialects of Asturian, uncountable nouns receive an illusive neuter gender, but the noun itself isn't neuter, it's just that an adjective placed after it will be in a new 'neuter' gender if said noun is uncountable. To burrow an example from a book: (un) corchu blandiu - (a) soft cork (una) fueya seca - (a) dry leave corchos blandios - soft corks fueyes seques - dry leaves corchu blandio - dry corck (uncountable) fueya seco - dry leave(s) (uncountable) 3: Again, you didn't write the opening question mark («¿»). This disregard for «¿» and «¡» then continues for the rest of the video. Oh, also, the translation of "Fai un cuyu que corta el mexo, escarabaya el peyeyo y xelo el moco." ("escaraballa" is incorrect, and I also removed the "i"s after the "x"s, so as to better comply with more modern spelling standarts, although I don't really have a problem with those "i"s) would actually be "It's so cold that it interrupts peeing (as in you can't pee), it makes your skin flake, and it freezes your boogers.", so... pretty far from what you provided. Anyway, as I said, I think this video is great, just not perfect, but I don't think it would be realistic to expect it to be. It's remarkable how you managed to talk about all these languages in such a short video, and how well you covered each for the time they each got. As for my thoughts on the way Asturian is getting standardised and what the DALLA is doing... let's not get into that here, ok? ¡Saludos desde Asturies!

Oh Hilbert, you've done it again. Thank you.

Llevava encontrando un video así desde hace un tiempo

Great video, please make it a series.

Now in Asturias, the Asturian is in debate for his co-official status and it is expected that it will soon become an official language. Also Aragon is promoting now Aragonese more than ever so it's interesting tp see the changes

Could you do one on the languages of France?

Ei increible qu'en aguesti moments se mos hage en comde encara ena Val, fòrça gracies!

Superbly explained

In Colombia is called Español (Spanish), not Castellano. But in other latin countries is the opposite.

When I was in northern Spain a few years ago, a lot of the signs in castilian were spray painted over in asturian or galician.

I would like to make some corrections and say some fun facts: It is thought that basque was spoken from La Rioja (south of the actual limit of the basque autonomous community) to Toulouse in France. 15:03, it isn't "egiteko", which means to do "for", as the reason; it is egin with means to do, in infinitive The first ever text written in spanish ( Castilian) was wrote in a town in northern Burgos (Castille and Leon) very near the actual BAC, and had some corrections made in basque. It is thought that Spanish borrowed the basque 5 vowel phonology, apart from many words (izquierda from ezkerra meaning left and others) Other than this very good video!!

Man I like your channel!

Could u do a video on german dialects? Personally i speak high german and saxon, and i would be very interested in a outside perspective, as well as history. Especially with it having many similarities with old enlgish,

Very interesting, muy interesante!...

Unironic version of Akamai Wai’s comment, maybe do languages of the Pannonia Basin (or just Vojvodina I think it serves as a good microcosm with almost all these languages) with ofc the well known languages spoken there like Serbocroatian, Hungarian, German, Romanian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, & Slovak but also some of the less known ones like Russyn, & the odd dialects like Bunjevački, Šokački.

Impressive video. I’m from the USA but lived in Spain for 10 years during the 70’s. I knew most of the languages that you mentioned but not all. I learned something. Thanks