Leonard Susskind - How does Dark Energy Drive the Universe? 

First I heard of this man. I actually understood what he said. I felt like I was on the edge of a chair with awe.

I never tire of Dr. Susskind. Thank you for bringing him to us.

Fascinating discussion and props to both the interviewer (for asking excellent questions) and the interviewee for explaining the most complicated concepts imaginable in a comprehensive way.

Always so lovely to see Dr. Susskind speak. His lectures and other content are very special and he's truly a joy to listen to.

Two of my favorite humans.

"Paul, just because it's infinity doesn't mean it's zero." Falling out of chair LOL!

Found your channel and I've been watching your uploads. Thank you ❤️

Best program ever, thanks.

The Cosmic Plumber....always worth a listen...

"Dark energy is an unknown energy that affects the universe on the largest scales."

Dr. Susskind is the best! When he talks, it feels as if I'm having a chat with a cool Uncle about cars.

Great videos!!’

When discussing such anomalies..it's important to have a cawfee ...it's a NY thing

A great interview. Professor Susskind was frank and clear, a feature required from a true good scientist; the truth is that we yet do not know! We have to wait for some great mind such that of Einstein!

Super discussion

He always seems pretty relaxed.

"...Higgs' field, whatever that is..." Thank You very much.

Can anyone imagine a clergyman ever saying that the church was, for decades, "thinking the wrong thing"? It's just stunning to see the utter difference between an honest man like Susskind and a charlatan/huckster otherwise known as a preacher, pastor, reverend or priest.

John Malkovich impersonating Christopher Walken and now I can't unsee it.

Love this 😍😍😍😍

Our manifold….Surface (cos(u/3)cos(v/2),cos(u/2)sin(v/2),sin(u)/2) 0

He still rockin those t-shirts

If space of universe expands as cosmological constant, does energy have to increase in the same proportion to maintain conservation of energy over time (symmetry)

Susskind is Cool AF.

Susskind is awesome

So basically Dark Energy is the god of theoretical physics.. explaining what we can't explain until we can

This is the first time I see a physicist say that dark energy should originate from quantum fluctuations of the fields. I thought that idea was deemed impossible.

To fighting, stealing and drinking! If you fight, may you fight for a friend! If you steal, may you steal a lover’s heart! And if you drink, may you drink with us! Cheers you magnificent bastards!

Why is there an assumption that energies are localized and accumulated? Is it a linear sum? Or better yet, a localized linear sum per atom? Then the aggregate is localized? My brain is having a hard time with accumulations of dark energy in a vacuum.

Like the dark dollars drive the stock market. Susskind is one of my favorite physics.

A Loren Emmerich production was here and hear current value quantum principal, that's all about science.

What is the image on Dr. Susskinds Tshirt? Anybody know. I know that might seem pedantic but I'm a curious fellow and it's an intriguing emblem.

Alternatively the energy is there in mass- energy and momentum equivalence but it doesn't interact most of the time ( like the neutrino) because it is too small, say 10^-6 times the neutrino mass.

Especially without headlights.

Im hoping to be mentored by skip bayless now. Thank you for the positive episode

I thought we had so much dark energy that they haven't even discovered it all yet. That's why the universe is expanding so fast when by now you would think it would be contracting.

Maybe space is a field distinct from other quantum fields? Could planck scale / volumes cancel or block energies larger than planck units from expansion of space in universe? Energy expanding universe in small extra dimensions of space?

Equation relating uncertainties for time and energy to planck constant indicate time can produce energy? and in principle energy could be changed back to time?

I've pre ordered 10 lbs of dark matter and a fully working string theory model of the cosmos for PC from Amazon. Not guaranteed for Christmas delivery. They don't do multiverses.

Suskind is one of the few remaining great names. New ones are hard to come by. Not very new promising physicists younger than 70.

9:09 Question here: does this imply that the plank distance is the smallest scale our consciousness can understand?

I’d assumed that the uncertainty principle only applied to particles with velocity not those without velocity. Surely if velocity is zero then uncertainty simply does not apply. Does it not?

Hmm...the only thing that seems to missing from his explanation is the chemical make-up of pixie dust. But, there sure seems to be a lot of it being sprinkled around in scientific explanations.

🙂 legend🔥

after all this explanations which prof Suskin gave it is very clear the fine tuning of the dark energy. My question is what sort of evidence some people want more to be convinced that there is a designer for all this fantastic universe. please think out of the box and think BIG. Note pleas and think about it the material world is very small world it is part of the whole existence

I can’t help but think of the teleological argument

Whenever I hear about _fine tuning,_ can't help thinking it's a lottery game... There are probably millions and billions of "places" "out there" where such fine tuning capable of generating "life" does not exist. We just happen to be in one of the lucky patches...

Would our formulas for calculating the effects of gravity be different if there was no dark energy? Or in other words, is gravity always having to wrestle against the force of dark energy to do it's job. And visa versa: when dark energy dominates is it always having to "push through", so to speak, the pull of gravity?

If you theoretically eliminate the possibility of gravity, saying no, no, no, there was never any such thing as gravity, wouldn't that make a zero, and the balance in the cosmos would be seen by scientists? This is just a thought experiment of an idea of a massless cosmos. Thank you again for a great interview, and good lighting too.

I think black holes drive expansion. Black holes are basically space collapsing in on itself or falling away from everything else with the exception of objects close enough to be caught in their gravity. The result is expansion. Two black holes falling away from each other means that the space between them is expanding. Now apply that to pretty much every galaxy each containing a super massive black hole. We only know that the universe is expanding because we see that galaxies are moving away from each other. You get the same result without invoking dark energy.

...but Lenny: Paui is "bigger" than Durac! you know ...and you did say confusing and you did indeed confuse: dark energy is very very big - even for the human condition...

I began forming this idea about 15 years ago. I am not a mathematician. I sent this to Fran Blanche on the comment section of her RU-vid channel Fran Lab this morning. "Here's my take on dark matter and energy. Dark Matter is virtual particles welling up and disappearing in space. This is strongest at the gravitational boundaries of galaxy clusters and super clusters. Virtual particles are created by normal matter falling into singularities. So black holes create spacetime. The acceleration of the expansion of the universe, Dark Energy, corresponds to the matter trapped behind the event horizon that will be transformed into spacetime and which was slower at the beginning before gravity pulled all the matter together to form galaxies and galaxy clusters. I suspect that the black holes were the first stars created and could have been the only stars that could exist at very early times. We don't know that there is any matter between the event horizon and the singularity, but neither do we know there isn't. That suggests that the expansion could slow in the future when all of the matter within reach and trapped in a maelstrom inside the event horizon of all the black holes has been transformed. Some might say that there's not enough matter in the universe to cause all the expansion we see but subatomic particles can be in more than one place at a time. Everything's recycled. All the way down to the subatomic level. The virtual negative gravity caused by virtual particles , while having the potential to cause the universe to explode is kept in check at these so called gravitational boundaries around galaxysuperclusters and smaller galaxy clusters. I hear there is some possible new evidence that spacetime isn't as homogenous as they think and it doesn't or isn't expanding evenly everywhere. It's governed by gravity just like everything else but in a different way. It's not attracted to matter but expansion rates vary depending on the local mass. It's more like galaxy clusters, ie, larger masses are fizzing at their boundaries with spacetime and pushing each other apart. Kind of like PVC glue twirling around in a bucket of water. Leonard Susskind would like that idea since he used to be a plumber. The only place spacetime that isn't expanding is where local gravity is stronger than the repulsive pressure. This makes the great voids between galaxy filaments. So feeding black holes are creating spacetime. Dormant or inactive black holes are burning up their reserves or not creating anything. My idea is also another way for black holes to evaporate. Any body out there. I'd love to hear your thoughts on this. Mostly like to hear your thoughts on this Fran. If you care to. Great live show! (To Leonard Susskind) I'm not a mathematician but I used to be an electrician and a plumber for a short time before that. I'm now retired and on disability from an on the job accident that injured my back. I now do astrophotography as a hobby and I hope for it to be a business on day. I've been listening to you guys for years. Any and all science, especially cosmology and astronomy and this idea is born out of all that. I don't know if these thoughts are original or not but I just feel a need the talk to people about it. I'm also a visual artist and a painter and I feel that has helped me visualize some of these ideas even though some of it takes place in places we can't see. Or all of it. I hope you see this. I know how hard it is for people on the outside it is to get information to mainstream scientists. And I also know how difficult it can be for mainstream science to accept or investigate new ideas beyond the "popular" and favorite well established theories, but I feel much of that is the male ego and it is counter productive to progress. Ego just gets in the way of science. I feel that men are going to ruin our planet if they don't stop with the pissing contest and get right with the opposite sex and all the other life here on Earth. We need a free exchange of ideas without pride or prejudice to optimize scientific progress and help save our planet and all the species in it.

"How does dark energy drive the universe?" _Drunk and influenced_

The thing with the energies of fluctuations that should add up to a huge amount sounds very similar to the ultraviolet catastrophe concerning black body radiation before Max planck finally solved it in 1900. Maybe there will be a somewhat similar solution to the dark energy problem.

Since the the Universe is finely tuned, they say, the Dark Energy at the scale of the Planck Constant must equal to all the other energies in the Universe But there is a problem, the expansion of the Universe is accelerating, so Dark Energy has the upper hand.

Combine: 1. cosmological constant 2. schrodinger solution 3. Planck E= h f= h n 4. n = number of superpositions And you get dark matter = WIMP n^2 h^2 / ( 8 m L^2) = h n m = 0.3313 10^18 10^-34 = 0.3313 10^-16 kg ( all superpositions). 1 particle = 0.331 10^-16 / ( 0.4 10^18) = 0.828 10^-34 kg = 46 eV If you count only the positive wave function amplitudes: n = 10^9 then dark matter = WIMP m = 46 GeV

We know from classical cphysics and examples from observations what the possibilities are for a planet's temperature and how it gets to be what it is. But we don't know the mechanism of dark energy at all I would say. We know that the energy of the QFT (quantum field theory) vacuum is immense. It could be that that gravity (the dynamics of spacetime on large scales) is weakly coupled to the energy of the QFT vacuum. Why and how? I don't know. I am just a lay person.

I got lost at the very end 🥴

Since life is intricate, then complexity manifests in fine-tuning. How could the universe exist without information, and how can information be without me.

There is Million x Billion x Billion stars in our Universe. Have you ever considered septillion very active and massive radiating celestial bodies could be the source of dark energy? Could the answer for the mystery be hidind in plain sight?

What Dark Energy ?

Can I think of dark energy as being the reverse of gravity? If so, whenever we measure gravity, aren't we measuring the combination of these two forces?

Is dark matter the virtual particles that pop in and out?

Dark energy might be the physical field of what we understand to be consciousness? I think consciousness is a physical field and we have yet to understand it

the cosmic acceleration deduced from supernovae may be an artefact of our being non-Copernican observers, rather than evidence for a dominant component of “dark energy” in the Universe. full article: Evidence for anisotropy of cosmic acceleration Jacques Colin, Roya Mohayaee, Mohamed Rameez, and Subir Sarkar, Astronomy and Astrophysics A&A 631, L13 (2019)

If you count all probabilities as real but in fact superpositions are not real but only reflect a lack of knowledge you get way too much energy, no surprise. The correct answer must be based on what is real, not on what is possible.

"The Higgs Field, WHATEVER THAT IS, contributes to it..." loved it by the great Susskind!

Omg 5:48 Listen to how he says “fluctuate” lmao sorry I know this is immature

Tsunami - was a great starter word, so? What happen?? (He jumps into ‘uncertainty principle’ van der Waals etc… (put goes into theory BS, (just my humble opinion)..but I am sure my attempt would be worse than his…(and I think Dirac was so-so at BEST!)

There’s a reason that the more and more Einstein studied quantum mechanics and quantum theory he began to develop the belief in a sentient higher power that had a hand in creating the universe. The end of this discussion about the charges of the universe cancelling each other out which keeps dark energy minimal and their being no scientific explanation or understanding as to why that might be is one example of the reason he came to that hypothesis/ conclusion.

Quite frankly I find it hard to believe Robert Lawrence Kuhn can do hundreds of these interviews and sit patiently through all of them. Many of them are redundant. He'll get tons of answers to very similar questions and never the same answer twice - wonderful to listen to but hard to draw a conclusion on anything.

2:48 lol

Could the hubble cosmological constant expansion of space be dark energy reduced by dark matter?

wow didn't know john malkovich does theoretical physics

Where does the strong nuclear force get it's energy? The sum of the strong nuclear forces of each atom in the Universe, what is that called ? Dark Energy ? I am trying to make sense of Dark Energy.

If the balance between gravity and expansion were not just right we would not exist, the force of expansion needs to be stronger than the force of gravity at just the right measure, otherwise the universe would collapse.

1

The energy at the planc distance = black holes...small ones everywhere!

The interviewer looks like a bus when he hears that dark energy being the fluctuations in the vacuum and so forth --- and so forth - and so forth ..

There is Dark Mater, and its moving at a speed close to the speed of light, but will never reach the speed of light. Also Dark Mater moving will negate the existence of Dark Energy, where the Energy is a kinetic energy of the Dark Matter. Now imagine an air bubble in the water, its always spherical in shape because of pressure acting on the bubble from all sides are equal at the same time. Exactly what happen for all stars, planets and moons. They are the Matter Bubble in an ocean of dark Matter

Robert, cannot Leonard do the sum of dark energy over most particles that he mentioned and see if it cancels out, or almost? Beware of infinities, I guess. But do I get the prize for saying that dark energy is just the “negative gravity” of the Big Bang or of internal inflation? Asking for a friend 😺

IT IS LIKE 4 Y OLD IN KINDERGARTEN EXPLAINING HOW THE MERCEDES DIESEL ENGINES WORKS!!

Perhaps this dark energy we expect DOES exist far outside our observable universe, the eternal exponentially expanding inflaton field. Big bangs are just the area where it slows down. Imagine if this much matter is being generated all the time in the inflaton field, it just doesn't matter because the matter is suddenly casually disconnected.

The level of competition between scientists is as intense as a boxing match. We can all assume the size of the ego's involved. This alone is a key to failure of many scientists.There are endless theories that are disproven with or without merit in the scientific These failures are well documented. Always beware of theories, concepts and absolutes. It is a prudent way to remain psychologically not polarized. A stable base is always a reliable tool.

Is nature tricking us or we are tricking nature (system)????!!!!! If neither then one question simply arises, Why is it so hard to find out how nature works?

I can understand that the existence of dark energy explains the expansion of the universe. What I have never understood is the quantification of dark energy in terms comparable with matter or dark matter. E.g. the universe consists of x% dark energy, y% dark matter, z% ordinary matter, etc.

I wish I had Dr. Susskinds speaking prowess

Well, if it is possible that it will cancel each other at the end then it is probably the case. Reason? same jusitifcation mentioned in the begining of the video, we are here.

picking up speed?

Physicists should look into engines run by dark energy so we can have eternal engines 😌😌😌

To me Dark energy is the Glue used to keep everything together but I also have a theory about what is contained within it.c[;-)

These are free hypotheses. unlike the theory of relativity, no equation defines dark matter or what dark energy is. it can only be the effect of a repulsive attraction due to invisible dark matter because it is in a mirror universe. I think you better see the videos of Dr. Jean-Pierre Petit. The Janus theory.

What if entagled massive particles have zero virtual gravitons between their spacetimes. Massive particles not entagled have virtual gravitons between their spacetimes according to uncertanty. ...?

Could the relationship between dark energy and quantum mechanics either be the opposite or the two interacting rather than quantum mechanics causing dark energy?

Maybe the cosmological constant dark energy expanding the universe is only the long scale quantum energy on the large scale of the universe.

There is so little dark energy because it is space.. you can't say that it exists like a particle.. so the quantity of de will always be tiny and simultaneously vast amounts depending on how you look at it.

"speed of dark"- me. Coming soon.

For example if we makes a coals for barbecue, and after a time, ashes stands at the top of the hot coals, if we blow to it, the dark matter goes away ,and the coals under the ashes will become red and life again.

Dark energy just what’s leftover from black holes withering away? Or?

Like the Light energy governed by assigned beings and all of them obeyed a direct order from the Creator, the Dark energy as it's opposite have their systems in their kingdom to follow, it's not the usual thinking of autonomous science in Dark energy.