Mainstay Treatment of Schizophrenia in Bangla by Dr Mekhala Sarkar 

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Schizophrenia is a chronic brain disorder. When schizophrenia is active, symptoms can include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, trouble with thinking and lack of motivation.
However, with treatment, most symptoms of schizophrenia will greatly improve and the likelihood of a recurrence can be diminished.
Symptoms may include:
Delusions: These are false beliefs that are not based in reality. For example, you think that you're being harmed or harassed; certain gestures or comments are directed at you; you have exceptional ability or fame; another person is in love with you; or a major catastrophe is about to occur.
Hallucinations: These usually involve seeing or hearing things that don't exist. Yet for the person with schizophrenia, they have the full force and impact of a normal experience.
Disorganized thinking (speech). Effective communication can be impaired, and answers to questions may be partially or completely unrelated. Rarely, speech may include putting together meaningless words that can't be understood, sometimes known as word salad.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of schizophrenia involves ruling out other mental health disorders and determining that symptoms are not due to substance abuse, medication or a medical condition.
Determining a diagnosis of schizophrenia may include:
Physical exam. This may be done to help rule out other problems that could be causing symptoms and to check for any related complications.
Tests and screenings. These may include tests that help rule out conditions with similar symptoms, and screening for alcohol and drugs. The doctor may also request imaging studies, such as an MRI or CT scan.
Psychiatric evaluation. Psychiatrist checks mental status by observing appearance and demeanor and asking about thoughts, moods, delusions, hallucinations, substance use, and potential for violence or suicide. This also includes a discussion of family and personal history.
Diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia. A doctor or mental health professional may use the criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association.
Schizophrenia requires lifelong treatment, even when symptoms have subsided. Treatment with medications and psychosocial therapy can help manage the condition. In some cases, hospitalization may be needed.
Medications
Medications are the cornerstone of schizophrenia treatment, and antipsychotic medications are the most commonly prescribed drugs. They're thought to control symptoms by affecting the brain neurotransmitter dopamine.
The goal of treatment with antipsychotic medications is to effectively manage signs and symptoms at the lowest possible dose. The psychiatrist may try different drugs, different doses or combinations over time to achieve the desired result. Other medications also may help, such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety drugs. It can take several weeks to notice an improvement in symptoms.
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Dr Mekhala Sarkar
MBBS, FCPS(Psychiatry)
Fellow, World Psychiatrists Association (WPA) (Turkey),
International Fellow, American Psychiatric Association (USA),
Associate Professor of Psychiatry, NIMH, Dhaka.
Chamber:
Popular Diagnostic Ltd. House #16, Road # 2, Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka 1205. For Appointment, Contact:
01716-216676
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