Massive stars and supernovae - with Thomas Haworth

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What are massive stars and supernovae, and why are they so rare? And why have they had such a huge effect on the evolution of the universe?
Watch the Q&A here: • Q&A: Massive stars and...
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When stars are born, hundreds of thousands can form in one cluster. Amongst these are massive stars which, though rare and short-lived, have far-reaching effects on the evolution of the entire galaxy.
Clusters of stars are formed when gravity causes giant clouds of dusty gas to collapse, giving us some of the most stunning images in astronomy. However, alongside the creation there is destruction. Massive stars, around 40 times larger than the sun, emit vast amounts of energy which heats and blows away the star-forming gas.
In this talk, Thomas Haworth shares the latest understandings of how the energy from massive stars is impacting the clusters and galaxies around them. From the destruction of planet-forming discs surrounding young stars to energy surges as the massive stars explode in supernovae, the lives of massive stars have far-reaching consequences for their surroundings.
This talk was recorded at the Ri on 11 April 2023.
00:00 Intro
1:03 What is a ‘massive’ star?
7:12 How are massive stars formed?
12:35 How bright are massive stars?
17:18 Electrons and atoms (demos)
22:41 Star formulation simulation (demos)
25:17 What about supernovae?
29:57 The effect of massive stars on galaxies
34:50 Explosive demo!
38:53 How quickly are galaxies making stars?
40:35 Why are planets so diverse?
46:52 How do we study planets? (demos)
55:02 Recent research on planets
Thomas Haworth is a Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Fellow and Lecturer at Queen Mary University of London. His approach to research uses both computer simulations and observations with state of the art facilities. He connects the two using synthetic observations. His main interests are the connection between planet formation and star forming environment, but has enjoyed working on a wide range of other topics including star formation/stellar feedback, planet formation, cloud-cloud collisions, AGB star winds and globulettes.
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1 июн 2024

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Комментарии : 64

@TheRoyalInstitution 11 месяцев назад

Liked this video? Check out the Q&A here: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE--XiZNxF37Xo.html for more on massive stars and destruction in space

@spellkowski6996 10 месяцев назад

amazing - thx was just wishing we had the q+a at the end

@Tacit_Tern 11 месяцев назад

Just the distraction I needed at work, at the moment.

@bobb.6393 8 месяцев назад

That's what artificial limbs are for.

@dotanwolf5640 10 месяцев назад

i love how a cloud of gas compresses on itself, raising the temperature and breaking the laws of thermodynamics. what a star...

@David_Lo_Pan 11 месяцев назад

Fascinating presentation.

@nirmell 7 дней назад

Amazing content and presentation, thank you so much

@photon434 11 месяцев назад

I learned a ton. Some of the best explanations I've heard and superb use of visual aids like the balloons, ladders, and heat. 🎈 I hope to hear more from Thomas Haworth.

@Life_42 11 месяцев назад

Great video! I enjoyed it very much!

@NStagg 5 месяцев назад

Really really good presentation!!

@spellkowski6996 10 месяцев назад

this was supergood -- felt like I learned so much ofc was already aware of the variety of star sizes, etc, but had no idea of their dynamic impact on the surrounding environment

@MR27e 9 месяцев назад

Enjoyed his lecture, he was at the Queen mary open day event that was online. He presented the msc astrophysics programme, the degree programme I'm looking to get into after my maths degree finishes. 👍

@exoyt7575 11 месяцев назад

Excellent speaker, nice talk, well done (: Gerard 't Hooft for actually trying to make a start for exact models.

@andycordy5190 11 месяцев назад

Wow! So much food for thought. I had imagined that the accretion disks would be infinitely variable in terms of mass and content, so that competitive accretion takes place in star forming regions in the bir 1:01:44 th of different stars and also in the birth of new solar systems. So, around a small star it is possible that several large planets form and around a larger star with little matter left over from forming the star remaining available to make planets. I love this idea of quiet, gassy or dusty regions shielding star forming regions from destructive UV radiation and therefore being fertile areas where young stars are more likely to form more substantial planets. Really wonderful work. Thank you I really liked the powerpoint animations which made the phenomenon of cloud shielding really direct.

@paulthew2 Месяц назад

Excellent presentation.

@WasimAkram0 10 месяцев назад

Thank you for lecture, I learned alot also the demos were very helpful. I really enjoyed the presenter Thomas Haworth.

@S-I-T 11 месяцев назад

Fantastic lecture. Thank you.

@clairecsmith7609 10 месяцев назад

The Royal Institution is a wonderful place - I went to see an astronomy presentation there in November 2008 & astronomer Patrick Moore was in the audience. Regards Claire. I've just had to edit my comment as I realised I put the wrong yr - I think I'd attended the presentation in November 2009.

@bremensname6057 10 месяцев назад

good show, great job demonstration team

@matiassebastianzarricuetap2522 5 месяцев назад

Hi, great presentation! Very user-friendly to understand the underlying physics in these interesting stars. I would like to use the image from 03:30 on an informative video that we are doing at my university to explain the scarcity of massive stars, but I'm wondering to whom the image credits should go, whether to Thomas Haworth, The Royal Institution, or some other entity. Great work and thank you again for sharing the knowledge!

@robbie_ 10 месяцев назад

Very interesting talk. Thanks for sharing.

@nimbusnation9584 10 месяцев назад

I really really enjoy your presentation

@gregster6686 6 месяцев назад

What's the software used for the accretion simulation?

@stevepartridge2959 9 месяцев назад

Excellent talk.

@babarizam4525 10 месяцев назад

Simply amazing!!!

@whirledpeas3477 11 месяцев назад

Smooth voice. Makes this a good one to go to sleep with.

@ClassicRiki 6 месяцев назад

12:12 I think the comment made by the member of the audience that he started with a sphere, which is not how the simulation should have been generated; pretty sure that the presenter genuinely messed that up. That’s an extremely fundamental character which will have a massive (pun intended) effect because of the emergent properties which a seed in a simulation will create

@Will_Smith_Slapping_Xi_Jinping 11 месяцев назад

You know what? I learned something today.

@thegael791 11 месяцев назад

I bet you won't remember any of it by tomorrow.

@frankbarnwell____ 11 месяцев назад

Ah. A super nova! Tyvm. I'm in

@EricYow 10 месяцев назад

How do I locate the published paper(s) referenced in this lecture?

@alex79suited 10 месяцев назад

I think this is a great video, and i believe i can help you.

@mayflowerlash11 11 месяцев назад

At about 47:00 we see a planet forming from a gaseous accretion disk. I have two questions. Is there a bias in the axial orientation of solar systems when a large number of systems are measured? Second allowing for the assumed random orientation is there a bias between clockwise and anticlockwise direction of rotation.

@DrDeuteron 10 месяцев назад

Counterclockwise is just upside down clockwise.

@alex79suited 10 месяцев назад

In an EMFS all particles that can hold a charge will do so. So I think when certain fields interact with those charged particles stars will form. But I believe there is a point of no return for stars forming.

@DominicRyanOsborne 11 месяцев назад

Stealth starfield plug

@koud29 9 месяцев назад

If you're not sure what a degree Kelvin is.... No I'm not familiar with that. degree Kelvin is the the unit of Temerature squared?

@sarcasmo57 10 месяцев назад

Al pretty neat.

@qbarnes1893 10 месяцев назад

Truth is, we actually don’t know, it’s conjecture and assumption. Tiny minuscule errors give massive errors of conjecture. The whole space theory is, at best, young in its understanding, beautiful and yet bewildering

@frozennorth3426 4 месяца назад

in the world of science, the notions of “truth” and “know” are vague waves of the hand toward a more complex, beautiful, and realistic process of understanding

@tomsmith4542 10 месяцев назад

Great video, very informative. Thanks

@TomiTapio 10 месяцев назад

Supernovas missing from the simulation?

@route7572 10 месяцев назад

Use relativie frequencies to effect the quantum kicks

@alex79suited 10 месяцев назад

Why do dwarf stars last longer because the mass is the same but they burn slower because they're circumference makes this possible 🤔. Its cool 😎 i know.

@4nrmike 6 месяцев назад

Less than two minutes in, and he keeps mentioning degrees Kelvin. As an absolute scale, Kelvin is not expressed in degrees, that designation is for reference temperature scales.

@Damnsimetra 11 месяцев назад

😊

@ClassicRiki 6 месяцев назад

21:20 we all love liquid nitrogen but come on…let’s not just waste that sh*t. 22:40 I think HE has been “shaken up”…he was concerned enough to mention it before spewing the next simulation so he’s clearly thinking about it. I feel bad for him…but then…maybe be more thorough if you’re having someone make computer simulation’s to present at the Royal Institution

@alex79suited 10 месяцев назад

Respectfully that's incorrect Professor. Where's the EMFS.

@colonelkurtz2269 10 месяцев назад

Albert Einstein made contributions to physics. His brother Frank made well he made a monster

@IainAnderson-yg8bk 15 дней назад

don't use the word degree with Kelvin, it is the absolute temperature scale. A scientist should know better

@dotanwolf5640 10 месяцев назад

"fillamentary is how we call it..." he says in chapter two on how stars are formed. nothing in the gravity model suggested anything about fillamentation in space. a radial force will not form fillaments. the ones who did predict and say anything about fillaments in space before their discovery were the plasma cosmology physicists like birkeland and alfven.this ad-hoc fantasy of the standead model is unecceptable. i just noticed a typo..but i think ill leave it like that.

@ThunderBassistJay 11 месяцев назад

DEGREES kelvin???

@plasmaburndeath 11 месяцев назад

Still in first 20 minutes of video, enjoying but a quick correction. {The Kelvin temperature scale is an absolute temperature scale with zero at absolute zero. Because it is an absolute scale, measurements made using the Kelvin scale do not have degrees.} but not a huge issue.

@ClassicRiki 6 месяцев назад

Nothing against the science itself or his work, but at 19:04 I’m not particularly impressed with the demonstrations (I’d rather not have them than silly ones, I’m not a small child). The simulation issue that the man in the audience pointed out has made me lose a lot of confidence in this man’s research haha

@MR27e 5 месяцев назад

You know I actually searched your name on google to see your scientific credentials (yes I do mean PhD, not gcse level), you know what I found? 👇 Nothing

@alex79suited 10 месяцев назад

I will delete those comments and start over. Im in a thunderstorm lol.outside

@traiandavid 11 месяцев назад

There is no such thing as ‘degree Kelvin’…

@michaelmyrick6973 9 месяцев назад

😂😂 space has no properties. it acts on nothing

@tomhoworth9768 11 месяцев назад

Your name is spelled incorrectly.

@mykrahmaan3408 9 месяцев назад

Concepts "pressure, gravity, heat" are all mere words, without any physically interpretable difference. The only characteristic (or property) of the entire Bohrean atom model with physical "interpretability" is MASS, which can be perceived as corresponding to the size (volume) of particles and, to some extent SPIN, which can be imagined as a particular type of motion of the particle with mass. Even the latter is not sufficiently "physical" as any motion is supposed to require FORCE, which again is a mere physically uninterpretable word. But the most important property of any atom, that specifies uniqueness of each, THE CHARGE, is a totally SPOOKY property, without any physical meaning, which even EINSTEIN failed to note. And electrons revolving around the nucleus "naturally" violates Newton's First Law. The entire particle physics is nothing but VERBAL JUGGLING justified only because the mathematics works in practice. The fact that the Newton's Laws works so well even for calculations of the latest space flights doesn't prove the explanation he associated to it (as Einstein proved), along with the fact that even both the explanations (Newton's and Einstein's) fail to account for more than 95% of the matter in the universe (DM and DE), is evidence enough to compel any sensible person to seriously reconsider the confidence attached to our current atom and cosmological models and explanations using them. There is very serious flaws in the fundamentals of TEOS (The Experimental and Observational Science) that demands reconsideration of our FAITH (the brute confidence of its accuracy) in it. This can be rectified by assuming every particle to possess inbuilt MOBILITY (magnitude and direction of motion) instead of MASS, (which requires an external force to move it) as explained in my earlier comment in this same post.

@mykrahmaan3408 10 месяцев назад

Gravity doesn't exist ~ neither as force (Newton) nor as curvature of spacetime (Einstein). Resultant MOBILITY of particles in substances within (or entering) the interval around any celestial entity (including earth) cause the motion towards the center of that celestial entity. This is the same for all motion. Apparent forces ~ all 4 ~ are our own assumptions, because we imagine normal state of matter is to remain at rest and motion requires an external "impulse" or "push", while the particles with inbuilt MOBILITY require no such external push for them to move. On the contrary, rest occur only as dynamic balancing of particles with different MOBILITIES (different in magnitude and direction). All particles are VECTORS. Hence, Thomson's Plum~Pudding model of atom is the closest to what really represents the internal structure of all substances. Current orbitals would be substituted by unique arrangement of smaller particles (Plums) on any single large particle (Pudding), many of which interact to compose different substances and beings. That way LIFE function can simply correspond to substances possessing different (unique for each type of being) number of small particles generated by the center of the earth on big particles generated towards that center by the centers of other stars, thus integrating micro phenomena with macro ones along with a smooth, elementary particle dependent, way to progress from nonliving to living substances. Small particles released from a substance would increase the mobility of that substance by increasing the total resultant mobility of the substance (in magnitude and direction), as a result, if magnitude of the mobility of particles are proportional to their sizes. Such release of small particles from any substance could occur through internal initiation (living beings) or by external initiation (nonliving substances).