1:18:50 'The Old Ways' affects ALL damage including melee, guns, spells, and abilites. It is based on your proximity to the enemy getting damaged, so get in real close! The Raiders of the Lost Shark is a rather generic fetch quest. Give the pearls to Chumberlee and she will spit out a pile of loot. 💵💵💵💵💵
1:14:47 No, unfortunately. You can memorize the icons eventually, but the only way I know to check them is to switch to the skills menu. You could (if you have a desktop) open the skill calculator to read them while playing on your console.
Unyielding is a great skill for sustain. Even 1 point is useful for keeping your health topped off between fights. It gets far stronger with Unarmored Defense. It has great synergy with From the Shadows too. It doubles while you are enraged and that includes the entire time you are stealthed by From the Shadows. Go ahead and try out the new abilites. It would be good to experiment.
Don't fret about the placement of the stats. You can reset them any time at the Quick-change station. Strength is a strong stat for damage output, but, at the moment, you have a rather slim shield. Constitution is a great choice if you find yourself being downed regularly.