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ngscience.com
Mountains are majestic natural structures that tower over the Earth’s landscape, reaching towards the sky with peaks that often touch the clouds.
A mountain range is a series of mountains connected together in a line, often forming a long, high ridge across a region. These ranges can be created through various geological processes, including tectonic plate movements and volcanic activity. As plates collide, they push the earth's crust upward, creating peaks and ridges. Some mountain ranges are also formed by volcanic activity, where molten rock erupts through the crust, cooling and hardening to add new layers to growing peaks.
Let's take a closer look at some famous mountain ranges and discover the unique plants, animals, and a bit of the culture linked to them.
The Alps:
In Europe, the Alps stretch across eight countries and are known for their stunning beauty. Lower down, forests are full of trees like pines and spruces, which create homes for deer and foxes. As you go higher, the trees disappear, and you find grassy meadows with wildflowers. High up, it's too cold and windy for many plants, but tough flowers like edelweiss can grow. People in the Alps have adapted to this rugged life, and they share a love for skiing, hiking, and preserving their traditions, like yodeling and cheese-making.
The Rockies:
The Rocky Mountains in North America are a towering range that's home to an incredible variety of life. In the dense forests, bears, wolves, and elk roam, while higher up, you might see mountain goats and bighorn sheep on the rocky slopes. The Rockies have different zones for plants: from lush forests at lower altitudes to shrubby areas and then alpine flowers at the highest points. The culture here includes stories of the Native American tribes and the explorers who navigated these peaks during the gold rush era.
The Andes:
Running along South America's western edge, the Andes are the longest continental mountain range in the world. This range supports a wide range of climates, from icy glaciers to arid deserts. In the cooler, moist highlands, potatoes and maize have been grown by native peoples like the Incas for thousands of years. Unique animals, such as the llama, which is used as a pack animal and for its wool, roam here. The Andean condor, one of the largest birds in the world, soars high above, adapted perfectly to the thin mountain air.
The Himalayas:
The Himalayas, the tallest mountain range in the world, stretch across five countries in Asia and are famously crowned by Mount Everest-with its summit the highest point on Earth at 8,848 meters (29,029 feet). Adventurers and climbers, following in the pioneering footsteps of Sir Edmund Hillary who first summited in 1953, continually aspire to reach its towering peak. The lower slopes are covered in forests where leopards and monkeys live. As you go higher, the climate gets too harsh for many trees, but hardy shrubs and herbs thrive. The people living here, such as the Sherpas in Nepal, have adapted to the high altitudes and lead treks up the mountains. The Himalayas hold deep spiritual significance, hosting temples and monasteries in its serene landscapes.
Mountains are crucial for our planet. They help store water as ice and snow, which eventually melts and supplies rivers that people, plants, and animals rely on. Each mountain range has its own set of unique ecosystems and cultural histories, making them fascinating subjects of study and exploration.
5 июл 2024
