Napoleon Bonaparte : Soldier, General, Consul, Emperor, and Exile

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Napoleon Bonaparte (1769 - 1821) was a French military commander and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led successful campaigns during the Revolutionary Wars. He was the leader of the French Republic as First Consul from 1799 to 1804, then of the French Empire as Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814, and briefly again in 1815. Napoleon's political and cultural legacy endures as a celebrated and controversial leader. He initiated many liberal reforms that have persisted through the years, and is considered one of the greatest military commanders in history
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Errata
7:36 He had fought a rearguard action in Toulon that involved hand-to-hand fighting. So this was his second time in close-quarters combat (thx josephpriest1488)
Bibliography
David A. Bell, Napoleon: A Concise Biography (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2015), audible. amzn.to/44EYOXs
Will Durant and Ariel Durant, The Age of Napoleon: The Story of Civilization, Volume XI (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1975). amzn.to/2NYVuiv
J. Christopher Herold, Napoleon (Rockville, MD: New Word City, 2015), audible. amzn.to/44EYEPQ
Andrew Roberts, Napoleon: A Life (New York: Penguin Books, 2015), audible. amzn.to/3t1RV4Z
Connected episodes:
Nationalism: • Nationalism Began in t...
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Hashtags and chapters: #history #napoleon #FrenchEmpire
0:00 prologue
0:30 intro and sponsor
5:15 rise
8:04 Italy and Egypt
10:52 takeover of France
15:36 Grande Armee at work
18:12 continental system
22:40 disaster
25:26 hundred days
26:32 exile
27:06 repetition
27:48 outtakes

Опубликовано:

15 июл 2024

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Комментарии : 127

@CynicalHistorian 8 месяцев назад

Thanks to NordVPN for spornsoring. Go to nordvpn.com/cynicalhistorian for 4 extra months. Click "read more" for further info, corrections, and bibliography Thanks for watching! Please consider supporting the channel by buying merch: teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian Or by donating to my Patreon: www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian *Errata* 7:36 He had fought a rearguard action in Toulon that involved hand-to-hand fighting. So this was his second time in close-quarters combat (thx @josephpriest1488 ) *Related videos* Nationalism: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-UGXffvDj_E8.html *Bibliography* David A. Bell, Napoleon: A Concise Biography (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2015), audible. amzn.to/44EYOXs Will Durant and Ariel Durant, The Age of Napoleon: The Story of Civilization, Volume XI (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1975). amzn.to/2NYVuiv J. Christopher Herold, Napoleon (Rockville, MD: New Word City, 2015), audible. amzn.to/44EYEPQ Andrew Roberts, Napoleon: A Life (New York: Penguin Books, 2015), audible. amzn.to/3t1RV4Z

@jesseberg3271 8 месяцев назад

I respect your willingness to go ahead with the Corsican joke. It was terrible, and I loved it.

@tomhalla426 8 месяцев назад

It is interesting how a persistent libel can dominate the view of a historical figure. Octavian dismissed Cleopatra VII as a mere seductress, and that libel is still the common view. Napoleon was portrayed as a malign dwarf in Austrian and British cartoons, and the minor little fact he was average size had no effect on that libel.

@pascalausensi9592 8 месяцев назад

He was average in comparison to the french, I wonder whether he was short in comparison to the standards of other countries and particularly their nobilities. Some non-french nobles genuinely thought Napoleon was short after all, like Metternich.

@tomhalla426 8 месяцев назад

@@pascalausensi9592 He was evidently short enough the trope held.

@freemantle85 8 месяцев назад

I love that there is a breed of short-legged cat called Napoleon and he hated cats

@mathiasmueller9693 8 месяцев назад

The issue was probably him being surrounded by the imperial guard, which tended to be taller. Frederick the great had the same issue.

@jon-paulfilkins7820 8 месяцев назад

French feet and inches were different that British ones, longer, so he came out at 5 foot 2 in their measure. We called him shorty, his riposte, backing the science backed and logical metric system and forcing it on Europe. "Non monsieur, this is how you measure le stuff!"

@michaelsinger4638 8 месяцев назад

It’s interesting that in most cases, it was other nations declaring war on Napoleon and France first.

@kevinxu3892 7 месяцев назад

And the fact that France defeated the combined powers of Europe time and again through advances in nationalism, medical triage, and the corp system, is how they were adopted by all of Europe, as well as europes future colonies

@philliphessel6788 5 месяцев назад

I think the Directorate really got the wars started, as a distraction from domestic problems. Then the enterprise, in establishing economic hegemony, became profitable. That paved the way for Napoleon’s indulgence in what was unfortunately his perceived vocation - his muse’s summons to the ‘art’ of war - above all other uses of influence. An irony in a war he did start, the disastrous invasion of Russia in 1812, is that whereas its professed aim was to enforce the Continental System - prohibiting trade with Britain - in preparation for it, France joined Russia in buying from Britain coats for the soldiers!

@philliphessel6788 5 месяцев назад

Correction: It was actually the administrations prior to the Directorate that initiated hostilities (with likewise self-serving responses from the neighbors). Napoleon’s treacherous imposition of his overlordship on the Spanish created a long ulcerous bleeding that never stopped weakening his imperial power until it turned into an invasion the other way, sweeping across France.

@lukaslambs5780 7 месяцев назад

I feel like no historical fact rocks people’s world like finding out Napoleon wasn’t actually short. Thomas Alexandre Dumas is one of my favorite historical figures. Such an interesting man, he deserves his own movie.

@TheDarthbinky 8 месяцев назад

It's funny, just last night we saw an ad for Scott's Napoleon movie, and my gf made a comment about him being short and I was like "nope, that's not true". He was actually somewhere around 5'6" to 5'7" or so, which was on the higher end of average height for a Frenchman at the time. The problem is that France had its own version of the inch measurement that was longer than the US/British inch - using French inches, he was 5'2", and of course British propaganda would point out that he was 5'2" but leave out the part about it being in French inches. Secondly, his elite soldiers - the ones who would've been hanging around when he was on a battlefield - would've been the elite Guard grenadiers, who were chosen in part because they were extraordinarily tall (and then wore tall hats to make themselves seem even taller). So he was just an average height guy surrounded by really tall guys. As for Napoleon not technically being the aggressor... I mean, technically, yeah, he wasn't the one declaring war first. But his hands weren't exactly clean in this matter. Off the top of my head, the Fourth Coalition started because Napoleon ended the Holy Roman Empire and basically turned it into a huge puppet state under his control, and used it as a farm to raise larger armies. This was understandably quite worrying for the other major countries of Europe. He wasn't always a gracious victor either and had a tendency to bully countries, as he did with Prussia (Cypher mentions this) and Austria - Austria was even forced to supply armies (not much, but they did) for Napoleon's invasion of Russia. Napoleon was also the one who deliberately caused the Peninsular war. Much like Hitler in WW2, Napoleon may not have been the one who declared war first but he was pretty well the aggressor who triggered those war declarations.

@anon_moose 8 месяцев назад

I listened to Andrew Roberts' "Napoleon The Great" and when I got to the end where he's exiled for the final time, I admit I teared up a bit

@zingingcutie8421 8 месяцев назад

Lol , but roberts is so obviously a slave to the great man theory of history, he’s said it on many occasions. I don’t understand how you can tear up for a someone who ultimately was a narcissistic general who equates himself with the state and reintroduced slavery

@PizzaPartify 8 месяцев назад

When I finished the book... I wanted to read it again.

@Munchausenification 8 месяцев назад

Tchaikovsky - 1812 Overture is so good. I hope the movie includes it as well

@terpsichore21 8 месяцев назад

Much appreciation of use of the Eroica symphony in the video! an excellent choice.

@CynicalHistorian 8 месяцев назад

I don't think I had a choice. There could only be that, LOL

@theshenpartei 8 месяцев назад

That intro at the beginning of the video was epic

@CynicalHistorian 8 месяцев назад

Thanks. I'm trying a new thing by having a prologue to excite viewers and keep them engaged through the intro. I did it with an upcoming episode on the Wild West myth and thought it would work well on this one too. Literally only added that part yesterday, despite the preview for this being available for 2 weeks already

@theshenpartei 8 месяцев назад

@@CynicalHistorianyou are welcome and I approve of the intro

@profesercreeper 8 месяцев назад

The plan to invade egypt wasn't originally napoleons idea. There were options given to him, it was either invade england, invade hannover or capture egypt. Napoleon just thought going to egypt was the best of the 3.

@nigeh5326 8 месяцев назад

Enjoyed your video Cypher as always. You and his highness King Richard deserve far more views, unfortunately videos made by genuine historians, generally being longer are not as popular with the general public 😔

@CynicalHistorian 8 месяцев назад

Thanks. I used to make shorter vids, but somehow lost the ability

@EmyrDerfel 8 месяцев назад

@@CynicalHistorian Like Cicero, you had no time to make a shorter video.

@someoldguyinhawaii4960 8 месяцев назад

Corsican - nice - Dad Joke Extraordinare

@eric98292 8 месяцев назад

Made me both cringe and laugh at the same time.

@miaththered 8 месяцев назад

I come for the history lesson, I stay for the cat.

@WhereArtThouBagel 8 месяцев назад

Every day is a good day when Cypher uploads. Thank you for doing what you do!

@scottanno8861 7 месяцев назад

7:58 that wraps it up, folks! See you next time!

@ypoque283 8 месяцев назад

We can also thank Napoleon for chauvinist - named for Nicolas Chauvin who was an over-the-top fan of Napoleon.

@jacobcorbin1 7 месяцев назад

7:58 actually made me spit out my drink

@scottanno8861 7 месяцев назад

Same 😅 get rekd Napoleon!

@kidmohair8151 7 месяцев назад

I look forward to your review of the "new" Napoleon. and thank you for including the Abel Gance footage at the beginning. it is still regarded by the french as the best *film* biography yet made. I am unsure that I agree with the idea that Nappy wasn't a despot. he was very much in control of his actions, and by extension, those who made his régime work. in the end, the 2 decades of wars saw the death of a millions in Europe and elsewhere, and set the stage for the 20th century's conflicts. ...so he shouldn't get off too lightly.

@curtisthomas2670 8 месяцев назад

One of Napoleon's early plans for Louisiana was using black French Army General Toussaint L'Ouverture and his army of battle experienced black and mixed race soldiers from St Domingue (Haiti) , along with 20,000 Native American warriors from North America he had secured an alliance with as his "conquistador" force to take control of the territory and expand it westward to the Pacific creating a massive empire. The loss of Haiti put an end to that plan and forced him to sell it off

@stalfithrildi5366 7 месяцев назад

L'Ouvreture himself deserves a huge epic film

@curtisthomas2670 7 месяцев назад

@@stalfithrildi5366 there is a 2012 French film on RU-vid "Toussaint L'Ouverture" French though language with English subtitles

@kevinxu3892 7 месяцев назад

Another great accessible resource is the Age of Napoleon podcast by Everett Rummage. Everett also made a great miniseries on Touissant Louverture, another slandered character in history with a much more fascinating and diverse background that most popular history gives him credit for Strongly recommend to everyone!

@FelixTheory 8 месяцев назад

Truth is, when Napoleon returned and fought at Waterloo, he would not be able to win the war regardless if we succeeded in defeating Wellington. The manpower of the coalition was to great, up a million strong if I’m not mistaken.

@jewsco 6 месяцев назад

That is why his only hope was to beat the armies quickly before they joined up and he almost did

@defenestratorX 8 месяцев назад

been waiting for this one to come out

@geordiejones5618 8 месяцев назад

The last true Captain in world history. No other human since has exerted a singular will on their country's culture, legal system, government, military and national identity. He is analagous to the most influential humans to ever live, and while he was very clearly an egomaniac (you can't crown yourself without a legendary ego), he embodied a strength that the French needed. Even when he lost in the end, his success leveraged France its modern borders and its future autonomy. At his peak he truly was the Master of Europe. Only an ambitious American could possibly compete with him given the right geopolitical circumstances.

@LibertarianLeninistRants 8 месяцев назад

Napoleon was always a fascinating figure to me. Which movies did you get these scenes from?

@CynicalHistorian 8 месяцев назад

See the footnote at the first clip used from each film after the prologue

@LibertarianLeninistRants 8 месяцев назад

@@CynicalHistorian thank you

@ErickTG 8 месяцев назад

Awesome video, thanks

@dendostar5436 8 месяцев назад

Very good! I enjoyed it.

@detroitdave9512 8 месяцев назад

Great content!

@kgizzle92 8 месяцев назад

Without Napoleon Sweden doesn’t have its royal family!

@MateusChristopher 8 месяцев назад

Good job getting this close to the movie

@zach7193 8 месяцев назад

He must covering this because of the film coming out.

@lukesmith1818 8 месяцев назад

Very excited for this and the movie. Vive l'empreur!

@theshenpartei 8 месяцев назад

Same here but im going to wait for it comes out in physical format ie blu ray or dvd

@josephpriest1488 8 месяцев назад

Him using grapeshot in Paris was not his first experience with close corters combat? Just 2 sentences prior you mentioned the siege of Toulon where he was literally bayoneted in the thigh lmao

@CynicalHistorian 8 месяцев назад

Yep. You are correct. Dunno why I said that. Will note it in errata. Thanks

@venod3134 7 месяцев назад

I was hoping you would acknowledge his atrocities in Haiti. They never recovered from that era. Toussaint is an interesting take as well. My grade for this Video- A

@mateusz73 8 месяцев назад

Gonna have to wait until the apple tv directors cut I think, seems neat but idk if there's much point in seeing it in theaters

@welcometonebalia 8 месяцев назад

Thank you.

@jerranspearman3369 8 месяцев назад

good video

@adrianainespena5654 7 месяцев назад

Josephine was not a divocee when he married her. She was a widow, whose husband had been guillotined. She was in any case the mistress of Barras.

@insertcolorfulmetaphor8520 8 месяцев назад

Let's start a ridiculous internet fight in the comments... Who gave the best on screen performance of Napoleon? That'd be the actor who played Nap' in Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure.

@edwardwalter3100 8 месяцев назад

Thanks for throwing down with a bit of the old Ludwig Van and coming out swinging with the top of the Third. Hope your script required less paper destroying erasures during your creative process.

@jesseberg3271 8 месяцев назад

Napoleon was deeply in love with the Empress Josephine. He instructed the people to continue to show her the respect of Empress, even when he felt he was forced to divorce her. He would say of his second wife that he had married nothing but a womb. The fact that such a love need not be monogamous may seem strange to people brought up in a puritanical Anglo-American culture, but they were French. Honestly, having studied his life, I hold only two things against him: divorcing her and betraying the Haitians. He should have named Toussaint Louverture the first Comte du Haiti and charged him to harass the British however he could. Then, he should have put to bed the sixteen hundred year rule of the horse breeders, and adopted an heir based on qualifications, rather than who'd come out of which brood-mare.

@Valpo2004 8 месяцев назад

To be fair he did feel pretty betrayed when she cheated on him. It wasn't like they got married agreeing or believing it would be an open marriage.

@leonhardeuler7647 8 месяцев назад

I always felt like if the French had been better in their response to Haiti( by which I mean the response was shit) then Dessaline's massacre could've been avoided.

@cwilliamlewis 7 месяцев назад

_'Course I can_ ! 😆 TERRIBLE! 😝 You're gonna be a great dad, Doc!

@lessonslearned2569 7 месяцев назад

Sharpe? Now that is soldering!

@itsphilfromtubesday8677 8 месяцев назад

Great vid as always. I'd be very interested in a vid about romantasism leading to nationalism, as you mentioned.

@CynicalHistorian 8 месяцев назад

Already done and linked

@itsphilfromtubesday8677 8 месяцев назад

@@CynicalHistorian Amazing, thanks

@msfsaint 7 месяцев назад

*Spoilers* Waterloo is the gold standard for historically accurate, tactically explicit, truly epic Napoleon movies. Napoleon the movie is not that. But having loved Gladiator and Kingdom of Heaven, I knew that I would love Napoleon, and after watching it, I did. It's very condensed, and the real tactics aren't displayed at all, but Napoleon's personal life with Josephine (even if it verges on farce at times, which it probably did in reality) was believable and engaging. Except for Toulon, Austerlitz and Waterloo, any other battle is a snippet, and the CGI isn't the best. But when the camera gets close up, you really feel the brutality of war. The movie's weakness might be that it is disjointed, but that's because it tries to capture a great span of time with nice chunks of battle. But for me, hearing an officer of the Ottoman army in Egypt encourage his men by saying "God has given us this day" like in Kingdom of Heaven before being blasted away was worth the price of admission.

@mkvenner2 8 месяцев назад

Vive L’Empereur

@BradyPostma 8 месяцев назад

Hahaha, tying Napoleon to NordVPN was hilarious!

@CynicalHistorian 8 месяцев назад

He lost his empire for lack of a good VPN /j

@Goongeet 8 месяцев назад

The cuckhold comment definitely caught me off guard haha.

@martinhumphreys4891 8 месяцев назад

Cipher, I know you called Napoleon III a farce, but would you consider copying his beard? You're getting pretty close already!

@CynicalHistorian 8 месяцев назад

LOL, that mustache is too much

@sapphron 7 месяцев назад

What are the titles of the other movies featured in this video? I've seen the ridley scott movie and need to watch something better

@CynicalHistorian 7 месяцев назад

see the footnote for each the first time they're shown. They aren't necessarily good, just footage to be used for educational purposes. If you want a really good movie, check out the 1970 film _Waterloo_

@AimlessSavant 7 месяцев назад

"I will rule the Universe. I'm the glory, im the brave. Going down in history forever. I will rule the universe. I shall crush their sorrows' veil. And soon i will be marching into heaven. I am greater than God." - Civil War.

@WestSideGorilla1980 8 месяцев назад

I think sean penn or Daniel day louis could have done a great napoleon. Im sure Phoenix did a good performance.

@zingingcutie8421 8 месяцев назад

Please just put the add at the very beginning don’t break up the video gives on head ache between the other adds

@MCKevin289 7 месяцев назад

Fun fact about the invasion of Russia. None of the regimental mascots, usually dogs, were eaten or killed during the invasion. In addition to this, the handlers of these animals had a near 100% survival rate.

@moshecallen 8 месяцев назад

The histories that I've read say the Napoleon was the first modern leader in the Western world to grant Jews full equality as citizens but also allowing Jews religious freedom. Can you confirm if this view is correct or at least factually based?

@CynicalHistorian 8 месяцев назад

Britain attempted to grant Jews naturalization in 1753, but that only lasted a few months long. I can't speak to Jewish history elsewhere

@samrevlej9331 8 месяцев назад

I mean, the Revolution had already done that in 1791 by recognizing Jews as citizens and enshrining religious freedom in the Declaration of the Rights of Man in '89. Napoleon maintained the course with the Concordat of 1801, which recognized Catholicism as the religion of the majority of the French people but allowed religious freedom and created institutions for each cult to deal with the state - the Great Sanhedrin and Grand Rabbi of France for the "Israelite cult". Religion was policed as to be favorable to the regime and clergymen were appointed in accordance with and paid by the government.

@vincenttapia2037 8 месяцев назад

So, Napoleon was basically one of the most important people toever live? And yet we just see him a dwarf? How sad.

@SaltoDaKid 8 месяцев назад

What happens when the bullies win the war and write history

@teribradshaw-milling3164 7 месяцев назад

As the 2nd most written about man--no, we don't just see him as a dwarf ( that is, thank God outdated and ignorant)

@Cba409 8 месяцев назад

Exile? No. Political Prisoner? Yes.

@JayTillaeon 7 месяцев назад

I just came from seeing Ridley Scott's Napoleon......you are better off seeing the Waterloo movie in my opinion.

@jurtra9090 8 месяцев назад

Waterloo 1970 vs Napoleon 2023. who will win

@HistoryandWhiskey 8 месяцев назад

Waterloo. It's hard to overcome how great that movie was.

@chriscasperson5927 8 месяцев назад

2:24 Evidence that Cypher watches Oversimplified. 😆 I came here to make the same joke.

@CynicalHistorian 8 месяцев назад

I do watch Oversimplified, but don't think I was referencing anything from him in this. Also, I don't think I was joking there either. If you're referring to the one at 3:40 - that's from a decades old meme

@chriscasperson5927 8 месяцев назад

@@CynicalHistorian The running gag in the Napoleon two-parter. Napoleon (looking at camels): "Hey, it's a weird looking horse. Camel: "Hey, look! It's a Fun-sized Frenchman." Napoleon: "I'm average height for the time, you jerk! Boo hoo hoo!"

@giants2k8 7 месяцев назад

If you actually think about it for a quick moment. He has only been dead for just over 200 years, which is nothing in the grand scheme of things.

@365handle 8 месяцев назад

Yo!! Whose the black guy with the white bandana tied around his head? Family crest?

@gchecosse 8 месяцев назад

Corsican flag

@curtisthomas2670 8 месяцев назад

Moors aka blackamoors, black Muslims, were used in the heraldry - flags and coats of arms of various European families and nations, usually in those nations that were once controlled, invaded, occupied by Moors. Islands like Corsica, Sicily, Malta etc had at some point been under control of Moors

@prothstein 8 месяцев назад

love your work but damn that pun Frankly a bit much.

@dendostar5436 8 месяцев назад

I was very important hon hon hon hon!

@MurderousEagle 8 месяцев назад

1812 has to be the dumbest napoleonic war. UK - "No making profits from the war" US - "U WOT M8".

@Haverlock 7 месяцев назад

You are ignoring Napoleon's sad terminal case of being a bug person (French)

@weezerwookie 7 месяцев назад

i love how fat king richard is

@bellamaz1972 7 месяцев назад

I like how you, by using his 3rd symphony, subtly referred to Beethoven’s dynamic regard for Napoleon depending on where the latter was in his political moves. Nonetheless, although Napoleon had an inconsistent relationship with republicanism, he’s still more populist than you, who chooses to be under the monarchical tyranny of King Richard. And in your own home at that!

@CynicalHistorian 7 месяцев назад

I have no choice in the matter

@EGSBiographies-om1wb 8 месяцев назад

97th

@alexandarvoncarsteinzarovi3723 5 месяцев назад

I can always respect his many achievements but I despise the man,

@Northman1963 8 месяцев назад

He wasn't a warmonger? He surely was when he invaded russia in an attempt to force the russian monarchy to agree to his terms. That cost about a million lives. His purpose for living was power. He said in his letters that power was his mistress. His occupation of Spain was a bloodbath. History paints him as a divine military strategist but he lost many battles. The russia campaign being the worst. He wasn't all bad, he reformed the courts in france. That was about it. Then after he had the chance to retire quietly in comfort on his own island, he went berserk again and plunged europe into another bloodbath. But by then the french were bled out and had enough of the endless drain on their resources. Finally the allies knew the only way was to crush him once and for all. So another bloodbath ensued. In the end Bonaparte became what he fought against. Hubris was his worst enemy.

@CynicalHistorian 8 месяцев назад

Try watching the video you're commenting on. You'll look less ignorant

@scottanno8861 7 месяцев назад

You're absolutely correct. He was a warmonger, it's just that every King in Europe at the time was likewise. So in objective terms, you are correct. In relative terms, one could argue he was not particularly more of a warmonger than anyone else in power.

@Northman1963 7 месяцев назад

@@scottanno8861 I think his dissatisfaction with an easy retirement on his own island after he was basically pardoned by his enemies is telling. He had been responsible for 20 years of war and millions of deaths, but offered a cushy deal to be in charge of an island. He was obsessed with power and couldn't handle being out of Europe's politics. So once again he went on the warpath to become Europe's ruler.

@cwilliamlewis 7 месяцев назад

So... That movie was NOT good¡ 🙃 _I'm_ as disappointed as anyone, but let's not lie to ourselves. Scott's thesis statement is the reiteration of Napoleon's very last words. I remain entirely unconvinced of The Emperor's mission statement of *France, Army, Josephine* 🤠 Prove me wrong! *the scenery and costumery ARE outstanding, but the story is corny. JUST like Gladiator... IDK I let myself get my hopes up.

@rubies2905 6 месяцев назад

Ready to review new Napoleon? Just finished it. It was garbage , i wanna know what you thought!!??

@CynicalHistorian 6 месяцев назад

After all the reviews I've seen, Ive put that one on the backburner. It sounds atrocious

@rubies2905 6 месяцев назад

@@CynicalHistorian fair. I do think youll hate it but its why i want you to break down why it's so bad, lol. Prevent the future mistakes. The choices that were made, i mean c'mon now lol