The Truth about China's Latest AI Chips 

Let me know what you think and please share this video with those who might be interested !

I am Indian, I have worked with many Chinese colleagues many of them are my friends even today. They are the most dedicated and hardworking people I have ever met, I believe its both cultural and the way the environment forged them to! and they are really smart too! More importantly the are nice people in general! If any country can pull this off, its surely China! not because of money or technology, in the end it all comes down to people. I have no doubt in next decade we will be seeing BYDs, Oppo's, Huawei's of semiconductors. They manufacture best NEV Cars, HS rails, drones, solars, HSM's and even 6G. I honestly dont doubt them.

People these days get fed too much BS about China.. Trust me bros.. I'm a Brazilian and I have been listening to bad shit about China since I was a boy. Then I traveled here because my wife ( shes chinese ) and the reality is EXTREMELY DIFFERENT. A safe,fun,full of culture,delicious food,more modern than ANY country I have been too and extremely convenient. I simply don't wan't to move out anymore..

As the old saying goes: "Neccessity is the Mother of Invention". Thru out history every country that has faced trade embargo or sanctions - has gone on to develop its own technology fix to get out of trouble. Thanks, Anastasi as always fir a great presentation.

In 2011, the United States restricted China's aerospace development through the "Wolf Clause". Over the past decade, China's aerospace progress has been obvious to all.

in China the word "impossible" has no room in technology sector its only a matter of time

There is no doubt the US sanctions are making life difficult for the Chinese companies that relied on semiconductor products. However, your analysis missed out on how fast the local alternatives are progressing. They are creating breakthroughs of so many things that were thought to be impossible in such short timeframe. For example, the fact that Huawei is able to produce 7nm chips at this point was thought to be impossible just a year ago. It is also reported the SMIC and Huawei will likely produce 5nm chips in 2024. Some will say the leading edge is now 3nm going to 2nm. What's the big deal of 5nm? They are awfully late. No. That's a huge deal. Because this shows how powerful the current movement of self-sufficiency in China is. Without the sanctions, Chinese companies have been buying up to $400 billion of foreign semiconductor products annually. There was no intention to build local alternatives nor could anyone justify financially to do so, but the sanctions changed all that. The sanctions created a national obsession, aligned diverse groups, and put laser focus on a single industry with an intensity and urgency no less than that of the Manhattan project or the Apollo initiative. With such movement, it's hard to imagine China not being able to completely change the landscape of the global semiconductor industry in 5 to 10 years time. To those who say China is still 2 generations behind the state of the art, the reality is 90% of the applications don't require advanced chips. Only a handful of applications such as the most advanced smart phones truly require the state of the art. For all other applications, mature nodes of 14nm and up are good enough. In fact, the development costs of 5nm or better are so astronomical, very few companies are able to afford. The fact that SMIC is able to prove they could product 14nm chips that are capable of 7nm chips performance is a great opportunity for others. Despite lower yield, the overall cost over the lifetime of a product might be significantly lower by using SMIC's N+2 approach. In addition, the mature technology (28nm and up) markets will provide the local Chinese startups with the necessary profits to feed into R&D, which will eventually make them globally competitive. When that happens, the global semiconductor industry will be trashed. Not just foundry and chips, but also semiconductor equipment, EDA and other supporting tools will see their prices halved. Just look at what happened to the solar industry, EV and shipbuilding industries once the Chinese becomes technologically competitive.

The Chinese were caught with their pants down by American sanctions and secondary sanctions. The fact that they can recover so fast can only mean one thing.....They have a very strong tech ecosystem and it is only a matter of time before they catch up and even surpass the US.....Furthermore, they have a big market for their own products while American tech companies will have a tough time finding a market of China size....

China will be able to mass produce 5 nanometers next year, but the West is still discussing whether they can break through AI chips. To be honest, China accounts for more than 90% of the raw materials necessary for chips. Even if you have rare earths, they have to be sent to China for refining. Other countries because Pollution does not have this technology and industry at all, and it will take at least 20 years to rebuild, so do you still think that AI chips will be difficult for China?😂

Beautifully clear, concise & topical. All my experience of using Chinese tech & meeting Chinese physicists/ engineers has been one of remarkable ability, determination & achieving. It seems certain to me that China will develop what ever is needed to make it a major player in this exciting AI world & that the sanctions forcing them to do it alone are a blessing in disguise. My biggest concern is that these sanctions are fostering yet more hate & distrust between the super powers risking military conflict. Still the blessings of AI are potentially so powerful that we as a species may enter a golden age of plenty & forget all the old difficulties & quarrels that created such a bloody history of humanity. Thank you for sharing where the Chinese have reached & potential bottle necks that they will have to solve. It is one of the most exciting adventures of our time.

These Chinese companies must be *loving* the American boycott. It has opened a door for them to grow inmensely by guaranteeing them customers and therefore funding. They literally have no competition but each other.

Considering that China has only recently started investing in this area heavily... By 2025 we should see a lot of advancement and new tecnologias...

the only source I can trust about anything (good or bad) related to china and semiconductor. I trust your objectivity and unbiased reporting.

First China was 10 years behind compared to TSMC with ASML machinery, now it seems only 5. Another year of Moore's law it will be 2. With these types of investments i'm sure China will close the gap.

Thank you for the thoughtful commentary on the effort Chinese companies are making. As well as other companies. This was very interesting and insightful to watch.

The restrictions are a setback but will make china stronger atvthe end... They will end up having a full solution from design like ARM, machines like ASML, manufacturing like TSM, and the end product with software like Nvidia...

I would not underestimate China's ability to do anything they prioritize. And creating an adequate supply of advanced GPUs for training/running AI models is obviously a priority. I expect in just a few years time they will be at a world class, if not industry-leading, level.

The US government didn't understand semiconductor manufacturing economics when they imposed these sanctions. Making chips is all about scale and volume. It's relatively easy to make an advanced node chip. The challenge though is that it is very hard to do it at yields that are economical. Additionally, most sub 10nm designs require aggressive multipatterning that drastically reduces factory throughout, and thus, the economics again. But we are talking about China here, a nation that dumps money into its "private" sector without hesitation or regard to the inflationary impact on its own people. If China really thinks this is a critical strategic advantage, then they'll absolutely offset the previously mentioned economic factors. Who cares if it takes you twice as long to get a wafer through your fab and it has abysmal yield when the government is going to provide the safety net. And that leads to the next point. Improving yields and manufacturing efficiency is all about data and that means having enough content to run through your fab. If the government is off setting the cost then you don't have any disincentive to run more content, and get the data you need to refine and optimize your process to actually make it work. It may take a really long time but it's totally doable. the perfect example here is Intel. It took them 5ish years of delays to get their 10nm process working using aggressive multipatterning. They could only do it because they manufacture their own chips and thus, could run as much content as they wanted. It wasn't cheap and there has been massive fallout to them for this delay but now imagine Intel was a Chinese company and they were being heavily subsidized to offset that cost. They absolutely had working 10nm chips early on, but not at the scale that made sense in a competitive free market but if that cost was being covered by the government then we would have seen those chips in the market "on time" cause they would have happily thrown millions of wafers away to get enough working chips to meet market demands. Now, some credit to the US. It could very well be the case that China was planning to ramp it's semiconductor sector regardless. And in that case, these restrictions may not have been intended to choke them of semiconductors but perhaps they were intended to ensure that a China semi ramp didn't consume all of the limited supply of advanced manufacturing tools that are required to make the sub 7nm chips economically that companies like TSMC, Samsung, and Intel need. In other words, if China was going to try to ramp their semi industry anyways, they would absolutely been willing to oay more than anyone else to get their hands on EUV and other advanced tools which could have potentially robbed the rest of the ecosystem the tools they need to stay competitive. We already see how only Intel has been able to purchase the new High-NA tools and we know ASML has a massive backlog for most of its tools. So in the end it may have been the right decision but for the wrong reason.

China is playing the long game and is closing the gap, supporting china from uk here.

Is not about who have the most advanced chips right now, is more about what fastest is China adapting to these tech after cowardly sanctions, I mean, decades of work in Oxident are reaching by just some years in China, they say "okay, you don't want to sell me your chips, no problem, I will show you, how can I do it too", and they are doing it !

Tencent has recently terminated employment contracts with numerous Chinese game developers who relied on foreign-manufactured chips. Instead, they are now recruiting Chinese talent who utilize domestically produced chips, rather than those from TSMC, Intel, Nvidia, etc.

I'm impressed with the amount of research you must have put into looking into the China startup scene for this. The TFLOPS is not the limitation, it's the memory bandwidth, which you did mention later in the video. So no, 910B and the other China chip startups will not be even comparable to the A100. But in a few generations, I'm sure the gap will be smaller. Throw enough brainpower and money at it and it'll just be a matter of time.

some additions to your video: 1) SMIC X huawei can already produce 5nm (and possibly 3nm) chips using DUV technology. the trick is fine tuning the correction using SADP (self aligned double patterning) and etching and exposure processes. this was liang mengsong's pet project when he was at TSMC and apparently he has taken it to a whole new level at SMIC. the yield is between 72% - 85% after about a year of quantity production. note: there are also drawbacks to current EUV technology as the A17 has illustrated. apart from the cost of the EUV machine, the production costs of an EUV chip are far higher (~30%) than DUV chips due to increased energy usage and other process costs. because the conductor nodes are more compact, there have been massive overheating issues with the A17. they have not found a way around this and therefore the A18 has been "nerfed" in terms of raw performance to counter this issue. 2) huawei has already developed it's own in house EDA software far beyond 14nm. what we know is that the kirin 9000S and 9006C chips (5nm) were designed using huawei's own in house software - and uses huawei's own architecture which is completely different from others - taishan (12) core architecture, maleeon GPU architecture etc. p.s. the recent western media reports regarding the 9006C being made by TSMC are fake news - this chip was 100% made in china. 3) GAA FET while obviously superior to FIN FET has it's current roadblocks in the low yields achieved by existing manufacturers (samsung ~20%, TSMC ~30%) due to the more complex patterning, immersion and exposure processes required. there are reports that CXMT has achieved higher yields using it's own EDA software X SMIC's DUV production technology (note: this was substantiated by frederic chen an expert at winbond electronics who was allowed to witness the development process). wait and see on this one but china just might be the first in the GAA FET race.

Chinese are smartest, assertives and hard work mindset. Dont worry honey, they will get to their goal.

Your channel growth is amazing right now. Congratulations.

Just FYI, the H in Huawei is not silent. It is "HWA-WEI", not "WAH-WEI". I have no idea why Westerners think the H is silent. I suspect it's because Cantonese pronounce it that way. But in Mandarin, the H is voiced clearly. I am a native Mandarin speaker.

I appreciate your channel a lot, you're one of the few unbiased sources when it comes to Chinese semiconductor developments.

Interesting video, I've worked in IT since the early 80's and technology knows no bounds, todays science fiction is tomorrows science fact

Thank you Anastasi I had read some other articles about this topic but your analysis has all the cool details the others missed.

Thank you Anastasi, very interesting to learn new technical details from you as you explain it very clearly and unpack relevant details. Subscribed and liked!

Thank You for keeping your fingers on the pulse of the tech industry and delivering the updates to us in easy to understand and concise terms! With great beauty & brains comes great responsibility!

60% of viewers not subs?! no no no, we must get Anastasi to 250K at least! 300K, 400K, more, go go go 😉 I'm simply a GPU consumer. If China improves what hits the market then I'm all for it.

I'm confused how the U.S. has as their official publicly stated policy of One China while simultaneously purchasing the bulk of their military technology supported chips and AI from the Republic Of China and then also claiming to restrict "Chinese made chips". Has their been an official publicly stated change of policy that magically now makes those same chips not "Chinese Made", even though they are in the hands of Han Chinese who speak Mandarin Chinese?

I would love to subscribe again every time I see one of your videos...and this already for quite a long time! 😊

Based on the year-end report of SMIC and sales/shipping records of Mate60 Pro, I am confident that Huawei's chip is NOT produced by SMIC ALONE. SMEE is now able to mass produce 38nm metal pitch machines, so when teaming with Huawei's EDA, predictive patterning, SAQP, chiplet, and other supplemental technology, manufacturing 7mn or performance thereof with FULL China tech is NOT a dream. One thing most bloggers may have grossly overlooked is that Huawei may have been producing some of its chips under its own hood. It has been able to keep it secret for so long that no one can forecast it could have so many Kirin 9000S 7mn/5mn chips to start the Mate60 Pro campaign

TSMC's Secret Weapon: An Ecosystem of Innovation More than 500 industry-leading suppliers form the bedrock of TSMC's success, creating a formidable ecosystem far exceeding the capabilities of single competitors. This collaborative force of 300,000 individuals across upstream, midstream, and downstream supply chains fuels TSMC's dominance, leaving rivals like Intel and Samsung in its dust. TSMC's true strength lies not just in its own prowess, but in the collective brainpower and innovation driving its entire ecosystem. This intricate network fuels continuous advancement, allowing TSMC to tackle groundbreaking projects like the recently announced 1nm chip manufacturing facility. This move sent shockwaves through the industry, as it underscores TSMC's leadership in orchestrating a massive 300,000-strong workforce towards achieving the seemingly impossible. While competitors struggle to match TSMC's sheer numbers, the real advantage lies in the collaborative spirit and shared expertise fostered within this ecosystem. Each supplier brings unique capabilities to the table, creating a synergy that propels TSMC to the forefront of innovation.

I practice Karate and play the guitar. Over the years, in both disciplines, one of the main challenges has been maintaining the willpower to keep training and playing when there seems to be nothing new or exciting to be learnt. When I look at what is happening in China on the technology front, I think the US sanctions have given the Chinese a sense of purpose or drive, a goal to be achieved, a target to be aimed at, something that pumps up the adrenaline. If the US government thought the sanctions will discourage the Chinese researchers, they are mistaken, the sanctions are encouragement.

Thanks for this video! Unbiased and technical videos on the topic are few and far between.

I suspect the Chinese will try to go down the free-electron laser (a particle accelerator) approach for lithography, which is being touted as a successor to ASML EUV systems anyway.

I had some chinese colleagues in my research lab. They were the most hard working and resilient folks I have ever seen. I am from India, and I have deep respect for them. These guys deliver and keep quite about it, move on to the next project. A lot of the local European colleagues made fun of them, but they were too gentlemanly to engage in any bitter conflict. They pursued a PhD with little knowledge of English, still wrote excellent theses although the time was too short to master the speaking part of it. They completed their studies and went back to China, left gifts for us all the colleagues (the mean ones as well). I wish India follows the Chinese no nonsense attitude to living life.

I guess that in the long run, the US ban over China is actually benefitting and even boosting the grow of China over the few leading aspects remaining that the "west" were still holding to, so China can establish itself as a world leading power in every single part of the "production chain", from research, to pioneering development, scalability and market dominance

❤❤❤❤ Anastasi, vielen Dank für deinen sehr ausführlichen Kommentar zur aktuellen Chipentwicklung. Ich liebe Ihr wunderschönes Englisch mit Akzent und Ihre Fähigkeit, ein so obskures Thema so verständlich zu machen. Vielen Dank.🌹🌹🌹🌹😘😘

These restrictions are just dumb, we should be working together to find solutions to the worlds problems, but the US and its allies are instead focused on their own prestige. In the end the incentive to develop their own methods will likely benefit China though, necessity tends to breed innovation, and China is investing heavily here, they certainly have no shortcomings of smart people, many of them trained across the world.

Everyone is probably going to have to switch to switch to electron beam accelerators to power lithography to solve the power issues. It's just a matter of spending half a billion plus being economically viable in ROI to power lithography tools.

Chinese have been happily buying American chips until they couldn’t, so they are forced to compete. Resilience is one key reason why China lasts for so long.

anastasia, another great video. I am invested in NVidia, but I love to know about the competition. I also own asml and tsmc, thanks in part to all the knowledge of the industry that you share!

One way to think of double patterning is having a low DPI printer and printing out an image with it. You then take the same paper image and put it back in the printer and print over it again but ensuring that it is very slightly off to achieve a higher DPI

Just like your classmate(U$A) use his family power coercing the stationary shop(ASML,Japan,..) NOT to sell stationary to you. This is bully , it is NOT a competition when only one side(U$A) can change rules.

Thanx for keeping us updated with your insights. 8)

The TFLOPS is not the key problem in current AI - it's memory bandwidth. And you can see NVidia with an enormous lead, there. So, I would expect that chip to have ~20-25% of the training and inference performance based on the specs. I am absolutely certain they will get better after a few generations, though. Whether they can "catch" NVidia this year isn't going to be that important in the overall AI "arms race." If they are right on Nvidia's heels in 1-2 years, that will be incredibly impressive. And that should be around the time we'll really see some of these technologies widely used for "real work" around the globe. Today, they are a bit niche, but we are finding new ways to use them and apply them every day. As they get better, this combination will create a productivity feedback loop until a large swath of "knowledge work" can be done directly by AI in a couple of years. If China has chips capable of that at that time, things are going to get crazy ...

Automated subtitles mangling "Biren" at 11:08: "until TSMC suspended the manufacturing of beer and CPUs" 🤣 Edit: 11:08, thanks @benkennington for the correction.

This is probably the last major tech hurdle that China must overcome.

Culture does make big differences. When I was studying at the University of California at Berkeley during the mid60's, there were at least 15 Hongkong students in the PhD programs of engineering, chemistry and physics, while there were virtually no students from the Phillipines, Malasia, Vietnam and other southeastern countries.

China will overcome its steep learning curve, like back in the days of building its first space station and look what has happened since those early days when China, now is the only country in the world, other than ISS, has its own operational space station, Tiangong in orbit. The Chip game will be accelerated once China overcomes the high end chip development soon & when the full scale chip production starts for the global market, the U.S. Chip dominance will end sooner than expected.!

Very well done videos, just wish I could understand more than half of what you say.

Actually I have been watching your channel for a whilr, but didn't notice that I was not a subscriber :) Thanks for reminding, and I have just subscribed!

How you don’t have a million subs is beyond me.

Thank you. Keep it objective as you are. You and TP Huang (on X) are my trusted source on China's tech development.

China leads the world in photonic chips R&D and is expected to start rolling them out for mass production within the next 3 years. This will practically render current chip tech obsolete.

The first U.S. chips also had many issues. With time, they got better. China will also succeed to correct its chips issues and flaw.

This content is what RU-vid needs more of!

A channel with beauty and brains not hitting subscriber target. Impossible ! I am subscribed !

They have been talking about this for years. You should talk about how many Chinese chip factories have shutdown this year.

🎯 Key Takeaways for quick navigation: 00:00 🌐 *Semiconductor technology is crucial for economic competition between the US and China, leading to restrictions on China's access to critical technology.* 01:28 🧠 *Challenges faced by Chinese AI chip companies include design, manufacturing, and software stack development.* 03:21 💻 *Huawei's 910b GPU is a top competitor in China, potentially surpassing Nvidia's H20 GPU in performance.* 04:42 📈 *High demand for Huawei's 910b GPU poses a challenge for manufacturing capacity.* 06:00 🏭 *SMIC is expanding fabs to meet demand, exploring alternative lithography techniques beyond 5nm.* 08:13 💾 *China's focus on high bandwidth memory production is crucial for AI chip self-sufficiency.* 09:06 🔬 *Developing an efficient software stack is a key challenge for Chinese AI chip companies.* 09:56 🚀 *Despite challenges, Chinese startups like Biren and More Threads are innovating in AI chip design.* 11:42 💡 *Startups like Hygen Technology and Intelifusion are entering the market with promising GPU designs compatible with Nvidia's CUDA platform.* 13:58 🌱 *Despite current challenges, China aims for self-reliance in AI chip manufacturing in the future.* Made with HARPA AI

Love your videos Anastasi

Amazing topic! Please do more on the problems that China is having in microchips and Artificial Intelligence!!

The USA should embrace China and work together to develop the Belt and Road initiative, rather than fighting against China, followed by fight against India and then the rest. Sounds naive, right? China, with its 1.4 billion people, has a low birth rate of 1.23 children per woman (while 2.1 is needed to sustain a stable population). Guess what? The USA has a birth rate of 0.8 to 1 child per woman, depending on the state, and the population decline is offset by legalizing illegal aliens. Forcing China to advance in technology when they have unlimited financial and human resources is the stupidest move the USA could make. The scary part is that they are doing this now without concern, since at some point, the only way to avoid economic collapse or implosion may be through a global war.

It seems US efforts to date have failed to produce stated results of walling off Chinese semiconductor technology and manufacturing at or below 14nm, what would you suggest as the better course to achieve American objectives? Is it even possible to stop Chinese progress and keep it one or two generations behind Western technology?

Nice to see you. RU-vid had censored all channels that talk about Chinese chip development.... Your channel wasn't appearing even when being searched

Am I the only only one who thinks these chip sanctions against China are a bit unfair? I mean, I get the geopolitical logic of it, but I don't really see how it can be morally justified.

Ok sure, Anastasi, I subscribed and look forward to your videos about technology. Thanks for all the excellent information about tech !!

Material used in microchip : Silicon : China is by far (70%) the largest producer.

any country needs to take care og the globalisation (it's more westernalisation lol) Specialy when USa is becoming a ùmaster of sanctioning anyone that is not obeying their rules !lol. Everycountry should have their own computer OS, weapons manufacturing, chip manufacturing. etc...or make it sure the country when it is done is a neutral country.

Great episode! Do you think we will see china gpu export ?

I'm not worry about Huawei catching up at all in terms of AI, afterall, Huawei was the first to design and devoloped and released chip with AI features in their Kirin 9000 chip fews year back for their Mate 40 series phones...

I'm never sure what to believe with Chinese companies' claims. I remember a supposed AI that was basically really just a "booth babe" with an extensive filter hidden off stage. Also I think it was Baidu's AI that stole ChatGPT's code a while back.

Thank you for posting information about China chip industry. I don't see any benefit to the USA by limiting access to the TSMC fab etc ... . These sanctions have hurt everyone, I just want chips at competitive prices. I suspect that companies in China will be moving in a big way to Huawei's MindSpore stack, in other words they will be moving away from Cuda much faster then market forces would have thanks to America's self destructive policies. It will be nearly impossible for people to move back to NVidia's Cuda even if they relax these sanctions. Total loss for NVidia, these nutty sanctions will likely destroy a lot of American industry, in a couple of years they may also do great harm to ASML and TSMC etc ....

Great topic! I have been following the Chinese semiconductor development a bit. It will be great for global competition. And the Chinese semiconductor industry is extremely impressive! That's my impression. I wouldn't be surprised if there will be a Chinese 3nm microchip released in 2024. Chinese companies often downplay their progress until they have something to release.

Anastasi were also a fascinating Indian tribe in New Mexico that mysteriously left their homes for no apparent reason.

Excellent video. Keep up the good work.

You look more like a super model than chip dsigner😀

You are doing great 👍🏽 but don't get sanctioned 😅 or don't let RU-vid Ban you. The usa is going to lose out in the long run

Very comprehensive and up to date info, thanks.

such and a humble and polite way to ask for subscibers , You;ve got mine and many from Kenya

Anastasiia, would you please make a video where you could show and explain how you design a chip step by step?

Thank you Anastasi, I've been following you're channel for the past couple of years. Thank you for keeping us tech-nerds up to date. It's exiting isn't it!!?

Thank you for your research. It is an eye opener on chip design and testing, deployment and vertical software stack. It would be how this is going to integrate into 3D memory design.

7:05 I don't think they want to use particle accelerators per se (which they already do for ion implantation), they want to use free electron lasers, which are a special adaptation of an electron accelerator. It has been technically possible for 40 years, it's just been a question of economics. Now that a handful of xray free electron lasers have been in use for about a decade (e.g. SwissFEL, XFEL, etc.), the industry can consider incorporating such a system into a litho facility and not go broke trying to fix fundamental issues with the FEL itself.

that said, so many Chinese researchers are a great example of doing a lot of new methods that may pan out...

You asked so politely that I had to comply and subscribed

I think China can use the GAA layout tools, and scale them up to the reticle limit for 7nm and convert back to finfet. Run the bigger chips cooler. Also bandwidth can be solved by using wider channels. China has no shortage of people that can optimize code so the latency deficit from the lack of HBM can be mitigated.

I hope you will think about working for Tesla. Jim Keller could need some help from a knowledgeable person like you! Great videos ❤

Watching on my mate60 pro. No complaints.

You are an amazing presenter with such an impressive concise way of explaining New Chip tech Thank you so much

If I am correct intel was creating 5 nanometer chips way back in 2018. Are we making two or one nanometer chips? By the time China can catch up to where we are now we will of course be further ahead.

​Many said that China wanna takes Taiwan for semiconductor manufacturing. The fact is Taiwan can't manufacture Lithography on its own. If China takes Taiwan The WEST(ASML)will avoid the warranty and maintain ALL the Lithography machines in Taiwan. So China wanna take Taiwan for the semiconductors is truly Propaganda.

Hi Anastasi - I stopped subscribing because I found your accent too strong and I would often loose the plot, but I am back again because your insights are very valuable. As for the technology, my uncle was the chief designer at both DEC and Analog Devices, which a decade or so ago ruled the roost. So I have a strong interest in the subject of chip fab. It is inevitable that to get to structures in the nanometer range we’ll be using shorter wavelength than even the shortest UV, so that will mean moving to x-rays or maybe even gamma rays for the source. There are obvious challenges with using these high energy beams. But this is where the money is these days so it will be worth solving the challenges. I am happy to be on the sidelines of this journey, I’d find it too stressful to be part of it. You obviously love the subject and live and breathe silicon, so I hope you stay sane and keep producing your content. Thank you…

They now need to solve the issue of scaling up but clearly its a matter of time.

Those Biren GPUs should almost be compared to MMA ASICs rather than GPGPU, that seems to be all they are good for. No FP64 support is a joke for HPC applications beyond ML

One of the few videos I have to see a second time! I like getting facts about what happens in the Chinese semiconductor and AI world. Is anyone using AI in semiconductor hardware design? If I were to do that, I would as a first step train it with the current design tools, until it could emulate their results. Then take it from there, to make it even better. What about an AI simulation tool? Using existing programed tools for the initial AI training has to be a no-brainer! What this means for China is that it should be relatively easy to become independent of the tools the US sanctions makes unavailable. I have always felt that the US is shooting itself in the foot by not freely selling equipment. That obviously forces China to stop buying, and develope their own. And that will eventually become much easier with AI.