O Level Pure/IP Chemistry: Properties of Graphite in terms of Structure and Bonding 

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In this video, Mr Sean Chua, Chemistry Specialist of more than 20 years of teaching experience, highlights to his weekly Sec 3 GCE O-level Pure Chemistry lessons in Winners Education Centre, Properties of Graphite in terms of Structure and Bonding
Chemical Bonding is the MOST important topic in the whole 'O'-level syllabus because it builds up the foundation for other topics. One of the molecules learned in this chapter would be Giant Molecular Structure with 3 case studies: Diamond, Graphite, and Silicon. This video will focus on Graphite.
In graphite, each C atom is covalently bonded to 3 other atoms, forming hexagonal rings of six atoms in each layer. The layers are held by weak intermolecular forces of attraction that can be easily overcome with a small amount of energy, thus layers can slide past each other, making it a useful lubricant.
Graphite has a high mp/bp because a large amount of energy is required to break the strong covalent bonds.
As each carbon atom has 4 valence electrons and only 3 are used up in covalent bonding. Thus, the 4th electron is free and mobile to move around the layers, to act as mobile charge carriers, hence graphite can conduct electricity, unlike diamond.
Master the basic concepts with Mr Chua!
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