Old English and Middle English 

At 14:15, the video turns to that issue.

Thanks for watching, Jorge! And good luck with your studies!

thanx martin....your video helps me much in my studies of english history which I'going to do examination on july this year...god bless you

Kiosso Mwambashi Good luck with your exams!!

Many thanks for your kind words!

That was the joke? "Don't invite the German's." I've heard a much better one. In Scotland if you want the hotel staff to waken you, you ask them to "knock you up". Going back to a time where someone would knock on your door at the appropriate time. I don't know, if they changed the policy to avoid the shocked look on the faces (outraged, if they're women) of the guests.

Because when a country becomes rich... the languages of others has to change. Thats invasion in a different form sadly

Agree. They are words from an invasion from 1066!

I wholly on your own will-if you truly love English ,you should speak and write it like me ,only with the help of truly english ot at least with the help of other germanic words,throwing away all these latin-rooted and greek-rooted words which mar his loveliest west-germanic ringing and feel after the Norman's takeover.By saying this ,I do not mean that you should not speak Latin ,Italian or Greek tongue ,what I mean is that you ought not to inset their latin and greek words in your english speech.Now I believe that I made myself thoroughly well understood.So not-english and not-germanic words like "very","exist " and so on ought to be kept always at bay.

@@classy_dweller you are right. The word "bay" is a loanword though.

If only Harold won the battle of Hastings!

Yeah I'd say like Mervyn Peake or George Orwell or even Stephen King would have been better examples..

Of course, there is the emergence now of @nglish (I just made that up, i think..) but it's too young and not yet developed enough to be able to identify the voices of that language

+Isosceles Kramer Mervyn who? I know the others. Edgar Allan Poe, Edgar Rice Burroughs, or Jules Verne instead of what's-his-name!

Northumberland in the Danelaw was from the North Sea across to North bank of R Mersey

Are we really sure about this? It just occurs to me that the Norwegian word for sick is syke, and the word for hospital is basically 'sickhouse' sykehus in Norwegian (and Faroese too iirc). I don't think there's a Norwegian word that corresponds to the English word ill

Heimrikr hinn Svarti The words you mention were precisely the ones that I had initially thought of. It only occurred to me after Yuri's comment that German as 'Seuche' and Dutch has 'ziek', so English 'sick' has wider Germanic roots. For 'ill' there is at least a Swedish cognate with the meaning 'bad'. If you have access to the Oxford English Dictionary online (www.oed.com/), there are useful etymologies under 'ill' and 'sick'.

Middle English sounds like a mixture of Modern English and Dutch

Yes, Danish and Norwegian has "ilde" [ eel*-le ] / "ille" [ eel-le ], and Swedish has "illa" [ eel-lA ] meaning "bad" - but it can also mean "sick" as in "feeling bad". And "ild" btw. means "fire", so there may be some link there - ? Danish has "syg" [suegh] ( an orig. -k typically turned into -g in Danish, now typically pronounced as [-gh ] as in 'sigh" ), Norwegian "syk", and Swedish "sjuk" [(s)hjuek] for "sick" / "ill" . Today we have "vrede" [vraith-e] = "wrath" / "anger", and the meaning of "anger" [Ang-er] has now shifted to "remorse" / "regret" ;-)

+Steven Williams Thanks for watching! The UCL English dept is very good.

You just reminded me of this old Swedish folk song called

I wonder if it is old or newly written in old style by Gjallarhorn?

I've definitely heard several other versions of this song before (possibly under different titles which I no longer can remember) so it must have been based on an old folk song. But I agree the mentioning of Freja and Valhalla is definitely from modern rework and cannot have come from medieval sources

These languages are from the same root.

In the same chart as William Shakespeare?!? Sacrilegious indeed!

Him or Brittle-Knee Spars?

I agree and same for Brittney Spears. IT should have had some famous writer or scientist to show modern language. I could say that I guess its because its to show what the common language is like instead of showing how cultured the language is.

Who else but a Deutscher Mann to learn Germanic linguistics from?

He's Canadian or yank lol

The standardisation of English didn't occur till the Early Modern English period.

+Micheal Kantymir I doff my proverbial cap.

*þisne video

Axel Batalha video is a neuter noun, so þes video

@@victoriaeduok5231 If it's masculine, þisne video; if it's neuter, þis video.

The German cognate is "Hund" and its Dutch counterpart is "hond".

I wish Old English/AngloSaxon is still in use today. It would have made it a lot easier for Northern Europeans to learn each other's languages had this been the case.

Old English and Old Icelandic are closer than langs are now ... curse of Babel?

Yeah i, too, as a gender-language speaker as well, find that kind of lazy. It makes me think of Chinese which has no verb tenses and relies entirely on tone and context to denote past, present or future. I mean, really Chinese? Do you know how much time you waste having to add all that extra stuff so people know if it's worth responding to something or if it already happened?

1) Gendered nouns are the most stupid aspect of language ever created. Why? Because it is 100% pointless. And the concept of spoons and hair having gender means absolutely nothing. It has no significant benefit at all, but it adds objectively negative qualities to the language including more required memorization which sometimes even native speakers mix up, and just adds unnecessary case matching to the grammar. Noun gender isn't a super "hard" aspect of language since it's just 1-to-1 memorization, but it is annoying since it's needed for every word on an individual basis, and the concept of it is completely retarded. I'm amazed that there are actually people who would want something so asinine brought back to pollute the greater simplicity of English. English is a more rational and simple language as a result of its evolution (with the exception of its spelling and pronunciation of course, which has become nonsensical). 2) Chinese expresses tense, but they just do it in a vastly simpler and more efficient way: through the use of particles. Or when they have already referenced the time in which the action occurred (whereas in European languages we would need to match tense AND context). By using either method, they can convey the same information as any other language but by using a single verb form forever. It's brilliant. Speakers of European languages are just so used to how over-engineered our own languages are that we think anything else must be "too simple" and lack the ability to communicate effectively. Yeah, I'm sure Mandarin speakers are all just futilely screaming at each other having no clue what each other mean.

That's common mistake connecting 'slave' and slavic people. Actually it derives from latin and involves the tribe of Sclavini in northeast Italy and to the East from there. First a slave was called in latin 'servus' and and only after 'sclavus' no matter from where he was captive.

akayakay Thanks for watching! My native language is indeed German.

du Deutsch? O.o Respekt XD ich hätte sowas nicht so gut hinbekommen, auch nicht mit meinem guten Englisch ^^

One example of how good his accent is: many German speakers would pronounce the s in “allows” as an s. Martin correctly pronounces it as a z.

Or count Julián. Or are these apocryphal?

+Adam 9812 Spelling variation!

Ahh I guess old English did not yet have standardized spelling, but I find it funny that the spelling changed in a few lines.

Jűrgen sounds german, you should ten steps ahead in learning old english. As I would be with my Frisian background 🤗

Brittany? Any Brit will do? He's not there, but just in. The real fun is with the guy from the Case family whose parents are such big fans of him that they gave their son his name. Now he has to put up with endless jokes about being called Bieber Case. (What were you expecting? His parents aren't that dumb.)

I bet Britney is still salty that they gave the Nobel Prize to Bob and not to her.