Old English Grammar Byte 1: Cases and gender 

I am advanced level in Dutch, and learning Old English and all other Germanic languages!

Old English Modern english is both

@I am not your sexy Nørwegiæn Modern English is still just a Germanic language. Just because a language has a lot of loanwords doesn’t mean it changes language families. Like how Indonesian isn’t a Germanic language just because it has a lot of Dutch loanwords and Japanese isn’t a Sino-Tibetan language just because it has a lot of Chinese loanwords.

@@redere4777 yes it does

I am not your sexy Nørwegiæn You are wrong

@@grantgoodman8415 okay maybe I am wrong so how how can I pinpoint The word good cones From gōd,god,gut And Better comes from bon,bona,bueno,bien,buen (I don't think like this anymore)

earlier or more correct: dem Hunde. And the nouns start with a capital letter.

Faroese: Dvørgur (nom) gav hundi (dat) stein (akk).

Ic bidde þe, sprece to me on Ænglisc?

Same with modern frisian. Dwerch, houn, stien, wiif, sawn, fleish. Heavy looks like heftich.

​@@sknskn "Koning(in) der Nederlanden". You still have it minted on all your coins. And then there is "Vader des Vaderlands". ;-)

Preston Edde Must have been the word they used for those fierce Viking warrioresses we see so frequently in modern film and television!

das Weib. Thus the word is a neuter still in today's German.

@Rich 91 *grammatical* gender was just a category, and doesn't really represent biological gender.

@@weonanegesiscipelibba2973 after all it's a modern naming scheme.

@@livedandletdie that's right It's better to think of it as Category 1, 2, and 3 or some other variant

Emily K. Michael can you send me a link?

What do you mean, teacher?😀

yo tükçe de çok sofistike aslında 😂

@@serranisa7335 Evet, türkçede çok sofistike

Evet aynen öyle Türkçe sondan eklemeli bir dil. Macar ve Fin dilleri ile akraba bir dil. Kadim Sümer dili ile Türkçe ortak kökenleri olan bir dil. Türkçe son bin yıldır içinde farsça ve Arapça kelimeler taşısada Türkçe sır dolu gizemli ve derin manaları olan antik kökenli bir dil. Teşekkür ediyorum. 🇹🇷❣️🌹

I'll tell him, he's my professor at the moment! He'll like to hear it!

Really? It's compulsory in Russia?

@@jamesatherton1853 for those who majour in English or teaching English

They might have well have thrown in Dutch for good measure, as you would have been 80% there with OE and modern English ;-). It's very impressive how thorough Russian universities often are. My dad said he had to learn Anglo-Saxon reading English at Cambridge in the early 50s, but I think that was a rarity even then.

@@andzzz2 I remember us read Ther was a clark of Oxenford also that onto logyc hatte longygo 🤣 I just remember how it sounded)

And Low Saxon: De dwarg gaev den hund den steyn.

Steven Woolley I love cases too. They're so logical.

We still have case systems in English not as many as in old English

We will bring it back

English still has the genitive case with 's. As a Spanish speaker, the first time I learned about it, I didn't completely understand when you had to use 's, when of and when just change the order of the words. Now I know it most of the time. In Spanish we use de (of) for everything.

@@SofiaBerruxSubs it also survived in some form in the pronouns

Âraš Kamândâr This is exactly like Latin, Greek, Russian, and literally every other human language with inflection. Sigh...

All those you mentioned are Indo-European, Finnish case inflection works more different.

@@jasminekaram880 finnish and hungarian

and sanskrit too!

i take it back...at first it looked like it but sanskrit is a bit different i think...anyways this is very cool

Tapi nggak efektif kalao penulisannya dua kali

English didn't use to have a 'the' either, and is actually from the same root as 'that' or the demonstrative pronoun.

indo do have "Si/Sang" and the demonstrative "itu/ini"

@@Banom7a Can you give me examples of each please?

@@harbourdogNL "Si pemuda" - the young man "Sang kancil" - The mousedeer (sang is more formal) mobil yang ini/itu - (definitely) that/this car although they aren't used often or needed to be use

Ah. Thank you.

Yep, my mum still says yon. It's found its way into my own speech sometimes.

It will be hell for the learners though

He normative His gentive Him acustive

Yusuf Kurniawan cases without genders are much easier to learn than ones with genders. If a noun case were inflected for 2 numbers you would only have to remember 2 suffixes for each case. If nouns were also inflected for 2 genders there would be 4 or more suffixes for every case.

English is already hard... that make it harder

@@yusufkurniawan3723 That really depends. Word order has its own complexities and also forces you to change the meter and even tone of sentences in order to emphasise important information.

Aber hat Arabisch jedoch nicht 3 Fälle? Ich hab von einem RU-vidr gehört (Langfocus) dass Arabisch Nominativ, Akkusativ und Genitiv hat. Ja es ist wahr, dass es kein Dativ gibt, aber es gibt trotzdem Fälle darin, oder?

@@zigsynx5364 Was du sagst, stimmt eigentlich genau, aber da die Schreibweise der Wörter sich nach Fall nicht ändert, und weil Satzglieder im Arabischen keine Thema sind, habe ich sie mir eher an Subjekt, Prädikat und Objekt näher gebunden, was nie wirklich Probleme machte. Soviel ich noch im Erinnerung habe haben wir in der Arabischen Schule "Fälle" nie wirklich als Hauptthema Studiert, dass war irgendwie Automatisiert, nach Ton und Rhythmus

@@FTSOA Achsooo. Ich hab auch gehört, dass Informeller Arabisch dieses Konzept nie verwenden, also dass es nur in ”vorbereiteten” Texten gibt. Übrigens, dein Deutsch ist aber gut.

@@zigsynx5364 Jup, stimmt nochmals, Aber Informeller Arabisch, wie Schweizer Deutsch, wird nie wirklich Studiert. Es gibt keine Grammatik, Rechtschreibung usw. Man kann es nur lernen indem man mit Menschen Spricht. Und auch dann, die verschiedene Dialekte sind so unterschiedlich, dass ich nicht mal die hälfte verstehen kann, hahaha. Ich wunderte mich aber immer, könnte ein Deutscher aus Deutschland Schweizer Deutsch gut verstehen? Da ich weiss, da gibt es Wörter die ganz anders sind, Satzbau auch.

@@FTSOA Ich bin eigentlich keine Deutsche haha, aber sondern Norwegischer. Deshalb kenne ich den unterscheid nicht so gut, aber ich kann sagen, dass die Dialekten bisher schwer für mich ist, aber nur in der Extremsten Formen. Schweizer Deutsch ist persönlich jedoch nicht so leicht zu verstehen, weil die Phonologie und besonders die anderen Wörtern nicht zu kapieren sind. Ich hab bisher nicht so viel entdeckt, aber es ist ja anders. Und ist die Marokkodialekte wirklich so schlecht und hässlich, wie die Araber sagen?

is russian a germanic language?

ReactorFox3 no, but Russian is Indo-European

No, it's an Eastern Slavic language, but it is part of Indo-European language family as all Slavic languages are.

A language can be like many other languages right?

Well that's also germanic

Old English and Old Saxon (which became Dutch and Frisian) were completely mutually intelligible. If it wasn't for the Norman invasion, it is likely that English today would be mutually intelligible with Dutch, and to a lesser extent German. I can speak Old English to a conversational level, sadly not fluent yet; but I have spoken in Old English to people from Frisia in the Netherlands and they can understand me

Dutch is franconian, low German is descendant from Saxon.

@@user-bl6so2iw3y No it's not. Modern German came from the Thuringian council language. Which makes Standard German descendant from a East Central German dialect..

hagsmunamadurinn wow !! It’s so weird how other Scandinavian languages evolved and got rid of the grammar structures but Icelandic remains the same

Completely intelligible, like in dialects

It’s basically the same but with ash and thorn

plus 4 me daddy Albeit with slightly different pronunciation.

Turkish flag is perfectly ok though

@@keptins Haha, i can only shake my head!

Pete Nick Correct: Land is neuter in both German and Scandinavian languages

Who would have guessed that the earliest form of a West Germanic language is similar to another West Germanic language...

balisong46| yeah we know that he’s just surprised that it’s SO close to German

German is the most conservative of west germanic languages- dutch has somewhat simplified its grammar whereas modern english is the most simplified and thus most distinct from its roots.- which is why old english is closer to modern german in many regards - closer than modern english that is- which has changed more drastically both in vocabulary and grammar since 7th/8th century when the west germanic dialects where still mutually intelligible

All of the Germanic languages are so much like German... They are still so much like German... if you just look at it with the right eyes, that pops out like a sore in ones eyes. Sore in this case is the old old word sore which means wound.

Its more close to frisian;)

Both languages go back to the same ancestor language (proto-Germanic)!

@@alanfahy7743 Ic þancie xD

@@elwulfcoe1696 Þæt is mīn “best guess” swā swā man sæġÞ on nīwen Ænglisce. Wæs Þū hæl.

Anglish will be brought back

en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/many en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/fela Looks like 'manig' and 'fela' both mean many. I read on that second link that "felafaeld" is the origin of the word "manifold" so there's kind of a mix there. You should dig around that wiktionary site though. You can learn quite a bit.

RAMI - So well many as fela have Germanic roots. German: mannig(faltig), viele. Scandinavian: många, flera

wow sooo cool i could understand it

What do you mean? This is an obsolete language. It is not spoken anywhere. There are no existing regional accents. How do you bite an sss?

@@ramonek9109 i didn't say that. Look at how he pronounces. His modern English is what I'm taking about

@@hsnztn2802 Yes, I am noticing as well now. His sharp as sounds a bit sloppy. Not quite sharp enough. I guess he is dutch.

I have noticed his first name now. Definitely dutch.

@@ramonek9109 dutch, yeah.. awesome Would love to connect with you

Also German retains a large amount of old Germanic grammar, whereas English and Dutch do not. This makes German speakers still learn old English the fastest despite not having as many cognates.

@@IR-xy3ij Do you have a study or something like that? German grammar may help, I‘d say a speaker of Westphalian Low Saxon and probably other Low Saxon dialects would have an easier time..

@@TheMichaelK You just need to find some old English, German and Dutch sentences and compare them to one another. Old English's grammar is much more similar to German (as it preserved more old Germanic grammar), but is closer to Dutch in terms of vocabulary. In order to learn a language, grammar is precisely the hardest part to get right, and Germans intuitively have an easier time with that. German is the only mainstream Germanic language that still has all the accusative, dative, nominative and genitive cases, grammatical genders and Dutch has none of them. I would agree that a modern German person with some sort of low German accent near the north sea would have the easiest time understanding old English, but with minimal training, a high German speaker would still understand old English. The reason why I believe people see old English is similar to German is that they both have inflections for different cases. This is usually the first thing people notice.

and Weib are considered derogatory today lol

It's all French's fault. Stupid William the Conquerer.

RineGal lol hahaha

So true

Much abridged: Gaelic tribes inhabit the English isles. Romans invade! But most don’t stay. Anglo-Saxons invaded, creating ”Old English”. Norman French invaded and did stay for a long time. Eventually, French left, but kept making all the fancy things the English didn’t have words for. Wars, Crusades, and the renaissance to follow. The Scots get tired of speaking Scottish and give up. Then! The great awakening reintroduces introduces old Greek words, and the scientific enlightenment introduces Latin into the mix for the second time. Then British to everywhere in the world, and the people they leave in different places start speaking differently, just like the different old Germanic did, starting the cycle all over again. *inhales sharply*

Other languages influenced Old English. + Latin, Welsh, Gaelic, Norse, French. Modern English is full of words from these other languages. But, Modern English still has a surviving German influence within it! = "That Is Good!" = "Das Ist Gute"! .."Good Day"! = "Gute Tag"! "Und, Der Bier Ist Wunderbar"! ="And, The Beer Is Wonderful"!

Anthony ofWindsor Turkish has cases

What about Vocative in Ukrainian?

@Stephen Williams no.