Our Paramecia Are Infected

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Thanks to Kiwi Co for supporting this episode! Get 20% off everything on the site - both subscriptions and everything in store by going to kiwico.com/microcosmos or use the promo code, MICROCOSMOS
We recently discovered some Holospora infecting one of our Paramecium samples. How does that happen? How does the Holospora get in there? And how are they so successful at infecting?
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Journey to the Microcosmos is a Complexly production.
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SOURCES:
www.semanticscholar.org/paper...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
bioone.org/journals/Evolution...

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30 авг 2020

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Комментарии : 446

@drask1988 3 года назад

i have to mention this again: the new microscope is so incredibly gorgeous, thank you so much for these pictures!

@dianagibbs3550 3 года назад

Right? SO much depth to the images!

@theykilledjoel1496 3 года назад

It freaks me out you don’t even think about it but we are covered and filled with these little tiny animals. Super cool love his channel

@drask1988 3 года назад

@@theykilledjoel1496 and they are covered and filled with their own little things :D

@theykilledjoel1496 3 года назад

Rhagius right! So strange

@luiguia.cariapazagarcia3656 3 года назад

Technology is amazing!!! Imagine how good those will be in a few years!:D

@JamsGerms 3 года назад

When I read that paper years ago, I thought I would never be able to find Holospora, and here we are making an episode about them! Life is surely full of surprises. 😂 -James

@rtaraquin 3 года назад

Your new scope is amazing, thanks for sharing your passion!

@senanlane6882 3 года назад

At 400x how does it look so bright but detailed I have a swift 350b

@senanlane6882 3 года назад

Edit: and at 600x

@TheRealFlenuan 3 года назад

congrats, you deserve it ^-^

@sujimtangerines 3 года назад

Not sure you'll ever see this comment but will having this microscope help any research you're working on (if you are) or enable you to contribute to a paper yourself? (Or is that something you're interested in?)

@laurachapple6795 3 года назад

Excuse me... I'll be over here, getting my mind blown by the idea of the billions of life-or-death struggles going on all around me...

@damienholland9244 3 года назад

I know, it's a real trip. And to think we have been part of that struggle, as well.

@soulreaver8466 3 года назад

In, on, and around. A weird perspective an old man once shared with me completely reformed my view on life. We are merely the pilots of our meat vehicles. We are the, for lack of a better word, shepherds of a vast array of environments for countless organisms.

@DrumBeat231 3 года назад

SoulReaver846 who's to say that we pilot it? Free will is quite the assumption. (I'm just here to enrich your existential crisis.)

@Mr.CliffysWorld 3 года назад

They are battling all over you . On Your hands , in your eye fluid , between your toes lol they're everywhere !!! Lol

@vinny5638 3 года назад

Its weird to me to think that death is so inextricably involved in every waking moment, this life is beautifully chaotic.

@AccidentalNinja 3 года назад

I've always thought parasitism could morph into mutualism or symbiosis- yes, you're taking advantage of your host, but if your host isn't doing well you aren't either so it benefits you to help your host if you can.

@AngryKittens 3 года назад

Parasitism is already a form of symbiosis. The concept you are talking about is called "optimal virulence," and while it usually results in the evolution of commensalism or beneficial mutualism (including endosymbiosis) in organisms, it has also resulted in the opposite. There are multiple strategies that maximize the fitness of parasites, and it does not always require a living host (in the same way that it does not always require a dead host). The goal after all, is that they reproduce and spread to a new host (while also competing with each other), not merely long-term survival. If they can do that better by killing or severely injuring the host, then higher virulence will be positively selected, and vice versa.

@evilsharkey8954 3 года назад

Angry Kittens, parasitoids are a prime example.

@Mr.CliffysWorld 3 года назад

Either that or they just use you up for all the resources they can and then when there's nothing left of you they just go search for a new host doesn't get much less labor-intensive

@LimeyLassen 3 года назад

I'm sure this is where gut flora came from.

@markchapman6800 3 года назад

Certainly the parasites which take the vertical transmission path, dependent on infecting their host's offspring, which have maximum incentive to keep their host healthy enough to breed.

@CookieR3aver 3 года назад

I love the new microscope, this is amazing. Everything looks more three dimensional than before. 6:55 Just LOOK at those little guys squishing around.

@frankzaffuto3670 3 года назад

I was thinking about that clip too: the Paramecia must've got stuck during the slide assembly

@YujiUedaFan 2 года назад

I prefer the old microscope because you can see everything spin and rotate easier. The current one looks like 2D cutouts in 4K. I really don't get what people mean by it looking more 3D. It looks more detailed sure, but more 3D? No.

@eskhatos 3 года назад

That video quality be looking C R I S P and F I N E

@amentrison2794 3 года назад

It's that DIC microscopy

@vinny5638 3 года назад

it could be CRISPR though, no? Ok I'll see myself out...

@MrGamerCaptain 3 года назад

I am constantly reminded that every life is trying to survive and thrive even if it might look harmful from another perspective.

@TheRealFlenuan 3 года назад

Exactly. And it's important to understand, because there's a common fallacy to think of nature as a harmonious system where every species has its own "purpose", as if "Nature" were a holistic entity trying to keep itself from changing and those niches were predestined and unchanging. In reality, every species is constantly "trying" to evolve a reproductive advantage, and that starts with individuals of the same species (and their individual genes) competing with each other. Evolution isn't about maximizing harmony; it's about incessant competition.

@mho... 3 года назад

imagine nature could "think&talk" like we do.... how much they would HATE humans!

@ianbcnp 3 года назад

The definition and contrast are extraordinary. Those cilia are so clear as are the internal organelles. Just fantastic - I could watch those beautiful paramecia for hours :-)

@UberMassiveGaming 3 года назад

3:05 It's incredible how similar their movement and reactions are to roombas.

@skyebluesilly 3 года назад

i mean paramecium are good at detecting whats in front of the even without eyes, so yeah roombas do that too

@BlackWolf42- 3 года назад

A friend of mine bought me a plushie-paramecium for a silly b-day gift. It's sorta cute and 'he' adorns my bedroom wall. I recommend plushie microbes.

@alphaamoeba 3 года назад

Lemme guess, giant microbes? Those are really cool, i have the Amoeba, the Copepod and the Krill

@BlackWolf42- 3 года назад

@@alphaamoeba Yep! Giant Microbes is the maker- I had to look it up. Glad I got the Paramecium, it's the cutest I think.

@evilsharkey8954 3 года назад

I got a cold from them. I need to get my best friend a C. difficile since she’s battled it a couple of times. Are they waiting to create a SARS-CoV-2 plushie?

@sanchitagolder 3 года назад

@@evilsharkey8954 no offense to everyone's life the virus has affected (aka the whole world), but yeah SARS-COV2 is really cute and pretty lol

@rockflageagle3870 3 года назад

This is what happens when Paramecia aren't taught to wash their hands at an early stage of development

@Fabonj 3 года назад

*wash their cilia FTFY

@rockflageagle3870 3 года назад

@@Fabonj wow, it was clearly a joke

@evilsharkey8954 3 года назад

ASMarred, I think he was adding to the joke.

@Fabonj 3 года назад

@@rockflageagle3870 I know, and I thought it was funny, so I decided to add something that I thought was kinda funny :)

@ChadDidNothingWrong 3 года назад

@@rockflageagle3870 id bet my ass to a toenail clipping that "being taught to was their _cilia"_ was meant to be a joke as well.

@kurenan4564 3 года назад

The music really adds to your videos, especially this one for some reason. Excellent job.

@cycoholic 3 года назад

I've been wanting a channel or playlist with just this sort of music since the start of this channel. Especially 8 to 10 hour long videos to listen to while going to sleep. 👍

@kurenan4564 3 года назад

@@cycoholic This might not be exactly what you're looking for but it reminding me of this: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-Ku1lWU3zX8w.html

@naukowywariat7123 3 года назад

Maybe by their Patreon you can get full soundtrack.

@asdu4412 3 года назад

@@cycoholic It's not a channel or a playlist but check out Plux Quba by Nuno Canavarro. Mindblowingly, it's from 1988

@cycoholic 3 года назад

@@kurenan4564 Had a short listen, worth further investigating. Thank you! 👍

@lindapindabelinda3570 3 года назад

That’s very cool that your sample was contaminated in such an interesting way and that it was recognized from an old photograph. Please consider putting together a compilation video of the little creatures moving around slowly with that lovely background music. Sometimes I just like to look at them.

@alicianoriegavelasco6114 3 года назад

You should head over to Patreon

@purplealice 3 года назад

Big fleas have smaller fleas, Upon their backs to bite 'em; And little fleas, still smaller fleas, And so on, ad infinitem.

@vbgvbg1133 3 года назад

It’s fleas all the way down

@cephalonsadistic9331 3 года назад

Which flea do we reside on

@skyebluesilly 3 года назад

the 43th one

@himanshusukhpal 3 года назад

Love the way they say, "and if you want to view more content from us, there might be a subscribe button nearby somewhere". Haven't regretted it since the first video of Stentor I saw.

@GordonFreechmen 3 года назад

I’m still trying to find that mysterious subscribe button that they keep talking about since the first episode. They say it’s somewhere nearby but I’ve been all around my neighborhood twice already.

@himanshusukhpal 3 года назад

@@GordonFreechmen Oh well damn sir, why don't you ask a neighbourhood good boy, they might help you out.

@cephalonsadistic9331 3 года назад

Don't worry. It's actually super small but there are hundreds all over their videos. You have probably already clicked it.

@rnelson1415 3 года назад

WOW, that new microscope or lens I'm not quite sure really makes it POP!

@evilsharkey8954 3 года назад

It’s his new DIC microscope. They did a video on it just recently. It’s pretty interesting!

@janefkrbtt 3 года назад

The paramecium at 7:00 seem to be stuck and are trying to get out. They act almost exactly like a bug in a cup or in confinement. They just scramble until they get out, i dont know if that has any significant meaning but its weird to see even the smallest organisms are still just tiny ass bugs

@huleyn135 3 года назад

'cuz they be equally dead ass stupid this post was made by big brain gang

@carrottoponcrak 3 года назад

Like a roomba bouncing around till it escapes

@exploremicroscopy 3 года назад

Beautiful videography and stunning DIC. Very nice description of Holospora, too!

@flusterzero 3 года назад

This is my new favorite channel and im just some random mouthbreather. Inb4 telescope so powerful you can see legitimate micro-universes

@capriottimultimedia 3 года назад

I like the footage of the paramecia all brushing past each other because I personify them by imagining they're all saying "excuse me" "Excuse me- oh excuse- me excuse me oh please after you excuse me,"

@deadiemeyers1661 3 года назад

Does the infected paramecia actually feel a general sense of malaise? Does it spend the afternoon binge watching Netflix? Does its mother paramecia bring it some chicken soup? These questions are yet unanswered...

@evilsharkey8954 3 года назад

Nah, it eats primordial soup.

@cathyerley3057 3 года назад

Love James' new {something something} contrast microscope, we just get to see so much . . . MORE! And Hank, I get such a kick listening to you narrate this channel, your presentation style here is so different from SciShow, which I also dig to the max.

@stanlibuda96 3 года назад

The pictures brilliant as always and your voice a pleasure. Thank you!

@SLAUGHTEREDEYES 3 года назад

That new scope is seriously off the frikken chain ! Such clarity and magnification quality, beautiful.

@Spartan1-1 3 года назад

Can you make a video on how to culture microbes. Like how to get a culture started, how to maintain them.

@min_nad 3 года назад

Yessss please

@georgesconyers9769 3 года назад

In general, I used to take petri-dishes to the opera but due to the pandemic, they instead have to watch on RU-vid. They develop a cultured smugness within a few days, and it is maintained fairly well by playing classical music. Serious answer: It is dependent on the microbe. If you don't care what is cultured, just put some pond mud and pond water in a jar. Specific microbes require specific things.

@limiv5272 3 года назад

That's a good idea for a video getting a culture started is incredibly easy because microbes are everywhere. Just swab your mouth or take a soil or water sample from anywhere. The conditions needed to maintain the microbes probably differ between different microbes.

@Spartan1-1 3 года назад

Limi V yeah that’s true but I want to culture certain microbes like tardigrades, stentors, or vortichella. And I don’t know what to feed some microbes to maintain a culture.

@Spartan1-1 3 года назад

George Sconyers putting pond water in a jar and sealing it is called a sealed ecosphere. I’ve done that and found lots of microbes.

@Gamer3172 3 года назад

Omg.. That image @1:00 is just fascinating.. I love it

@heliosphaeresonnen_wind_ki5720 3 года назад

great footage! hanks voice and the music work perfect with it.

@semaj_5022 3 года назад

Thank you for always taking us on these journeys.

@frostincubus4045 3 года назад

I'm blown away by how clear and smooth the video is

@evilsharkey8954 3 года назад

That’s the new DIC microscope. It’s fantastic!

@frostincubus4045 3 года назад

@@evilsharkey8954 yeah, I've watched the video about the microscope upgrade

@Beryllahawk 3 года назад

Aren't all of us just trying to get by, in the only world we know how to survive in... Nifty video! And the new imagery is JUST BEAUTIFUL Even the little invaders are strangely elegant and lovely. Well done!

@ravelojedagarcia3347 3 года назад

Beautiful work!

@Ratciclefan 2 года назад

These videos are always an informative watch

@RainAngel111 3 года назад

The footage is really especially beautiful this video!

@killuminatii1 3 года назад

The microscopic footage, the voice of this man and how he explains everything is just like a BBC earth documentary.

@daniell1483 10 месяцев назад

I think it is so cool that some paramecia can benefit from infection. Reminds me a lot of other endosymbiotic relationships, and makes me wonder how many times this has led to new organelles or other symbiotic relationships.

@LEDewey_MD 3 года назад

MORE awesome images from the new DIC microscope! Wonderful!

@cluta 3 года назад

Beautiful. Thank you so much.

@flyingmonal222 3 года назад

Your videos deserve atleast 10 million views! I'm going to share your channel with very biologist I know! ❤️ P.S. I recognized hank greens voice in the first 10 seconds!

@albertoplazola906 3 года назад

The best channel in RU-vid. Thanks!

@debrawestbrook8960 3 года назад

Wow. The images are SO SHARP! This is really cool and extremely bingeable. Reminds me of when I was in elementary school and all o watched was Animal Planet, Discovery Channel, and History Channel. Love it!

@lync254 3 года назад

Kudos to James for his epic footage!

@tdtrecordsmusic 3 года назад

"If only that world wasn't another organism." - As I sit here eating a peach, feet firmly placed on the Earth.

@mho... 3 года назад

well u ate a "dead" fruit there.... not like u crawled up an elephants butt & call it home!

@KY_CPA 3 года назад

02:01 I swear I thought he said the discovering scientist's name was Voldemort 😱😂

@andrei-cezarodoroaga7960 3 года назад

Love the quality if the video

@GZxuanChannel-nx9vi 3 года назад

AMAZING Video!!!

@NightRunner417 3 года назад

These little videos are great, really reawakening my interest in microbiology. AND THAT SCOPE, aaaaagh... I really need a DIC scope. If I can manage it one way or another, I'll go for it.

@Treksh 3 года назад

Thanks for the beautiful episode as always!

@bellybutthole 3 года назад

You are so you Sir! I love it! And your videos are so film that picture can't image it! Micro-mega to you fellow cell-sack!

@ScarsUnseen24 3 года назад

I'm surprised your channel isn't part of Curiosity Stream! everyone deserves to see your content.

@evilsharkey8954 3 года назад

Curiosity Stream is a paid service. Maybe they’ll release some CS exclusives some day.

@huleyn135 3 года назад

does anybody actually care about curiosity stream?

@evilsharkey8954 3 года назад

huleyn135, my best friend watches something on it almost every week. She said there’s a really good one on the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 that’s fairly new. I actually pay for the subscription, but my TV is buggy as Hell and has a hard time with it.

@theykilledjoel1496 3 года назад

Love these videos

@chesthoIe 3 года назад

How do the holospora escape vacuoles if they can't move? Also, if they can't survive outside the host, how do they get eaten in the first place?

@johnopalko5223 3 года назад

Good questions. I was wondering the same thing. Explaining all the nitty-gritty details might have made for a longer, less entertaining video, though.

@evilsharkey8954 3 года назад

They probably chemically trigger a response that separates them into a separate, non-food vacuole and then ride a microtubule into their desired organelle.

@merbst 3 года назад

get well soon little guys!

@sweetsue4204 3 года назад

Oooo...... what a delicious treat this channel is. 😁💕

@aaronnekrin5150 3 года назад

New microscope is the bees knees

@BuildingCenter 3 года назад

So, what infects Holospora!?! Great video, beautiful imagery.

@Aconetodes 3 года назад

This was super cool

@lync254 3 года назад

That one downvote is a stentor not being mentioned

@ronkirk5099 3 года назад

This is an absolutely fascinating look at the micro world.

@abelferquiza1627 3 года назад

In no other place i saw microlife images beautiful like these

@mnflyguy 3 года назад

Great video images and story. I love this channel. One correction - Paramecium does ingest food by phagocytosis.

@flint6704 3 года назад

2:48 reminds me of rush hour traffic. LOL. Have a fantastic day everyone! :)

@lorezampadeferro8641 3 года назад

AMAZING visuals

@federicogottardo4869 3 года назад

Very interesting!

@Hallands. 3 года назад

This is one of only two channels where I’m fighting the bad habit of clicking like *_before_* watching! 😂

@audioaficionado9494 3 года назад

My favorite science toy was a decent microscope I had as a kid. Thinking of buying a microscope now that we have LED lighting that's brighter and cooler with better optics and video capture options that are affordable.

@patrick247two 3 года назад

I have so many questions. What's happening to the Paramecium when there are small smooth bubbles near the creatures edge? They seem to inflate and deflate. The new images are spectacular. I had no idea microscope tech was so good. Thank you.

@mattiaswidegren2242 3 года назад

07:51 Very sleepy Paramecium trying to stay awake after a long day of wriggling about doing Paramecium stuff

@soulreaver8466 3 года назад

LOVE THE NEW CONTRAST!!! Even though watching them turn and twist at 7:00 reminded me of Calvin from LIFE, which brought on the both the heebies and the jeebies. More please!

@Wtfinc 3 года назад

Congrats on the sponsor! How fast are the clips being played back?

@jakobervorhood 3 года назад

The new microscope really makes a difference in detail. I was mesmerized to the point of an almost meditative state.

@PowerhouseCell 3 года назад

*Next video: Our coronavirus is infected*

@lizardchosimbastedanko3077 3 года назад

That would be nice 😂

@TheGeckoNinja 3 года назад

just shine UV lights at it and its dead

@lizardchosimbastedanko3077 3 года назад

@@TheGeckoNinja but then people will start seeing man stains everywhere bro who wants to see that 😂

@justaperson9743 3 года назад

😂😂😂😂🤣

@alphariusfuze8089 3 года назад

@hawkturkey yep

@TheRealFlenuan 3 года назад

Ignoring the whole debate on the origins of viruses, the behavior of Holospora in how it kinda hijacks the cellular machinery and enters the nucleus seems to me like the kind of life cycle that could eventually develop into virogenesis over a large evolutionary timescale. Or, at least it might if it relied on horizontal transmission. The fact that it also is vertically transmitted looks like the potential beginning of endosymbiosis! Very interesting stuff

@ryanfrick2190 3 года назад

Some of the footage is so good it looks fake. This microscope is amazing!

@paxdriver 3 года назад

New camera rocks!!

@AnomalyINC 3 года назад

In Sweden, we call Paramecia "Toffeldjur". "Slipper-Animals". Because they look like tiny little slippers, I suppose. Furthermore, you have a very calming and pleasant voice. Like Bob Ross with a microscope.

@huleyn135 3 года назад

many countries do the exact same thing

@AnomalyINC 3 года назад

@@huleyn135 Neat! I wonder who started it? My money's on Greece. They love naming things after other things.

@otfhercules 3 года назад

Hey i know this is an informative channel and may have younger viewers but can you show the microscopy of what’s on a cannabis plant 💯💯🙏🏾 i would love this!! Does anyone else agree? 🤔🤔

@andreluisdossantos1375 3 года назад

I don't know if people here use to address this topic but the videos soundtrack are just amazing. The images are great, the texts are very compelling but the song make it all more magical. The musics are made specific for each video, rigtht? Congratulations Andrew Huang!

@TCOphox 3 года назад

8:45 man they look so sparkly!

@peterpiper6 3 года назад

PANTOFELEK! Stary druchu! (It's in polish, Paramecium is the first microorganism which children learn about in 4th grade in Poland :) Chers!)

@Gplaysmc 3 года назад

Currently studying about Protists including Paramecium so this is a very nice studybreak

@mho... 3 года назад

this channell really makes me want to have some kind of 3D microscope to really be able to "dive" into the microcosmos!

@xcandiottix 3 года назад

Finally .. a youtube video about the floatie things I see whenever I stare at a white wall when I'm feeling lazy in bed.

@primozimo3041 3 года назад

@mikesmicroworlds4566 3 года назад

I think I witnessed this a day or two ago, haha awesome!

@NewTypexvii 3 года назад

Yay a new bedtime story for tonight!

@lornaginetteharrison7168 3 года назад

2:50 Off topic: Whilst watching these gorgeous images of Paramecium industriously zooming about with seeming great urgency & importance, I’m trying _desperately_ to pay attention to the fascinating commentary, but fighting to block out & stifle an almost overwhelming urge to imagine said Paramecium gleefully going "Wheeeeeeee" to accompany their frenetic movements as they busily dart across the screen!

@jellyman509 3 года назад

Get well soon

@topherj.kutsumann5420 3 года назад

You are the Carl Sagan of the Micro-Cosmos. Thank you 🙏

@rojusurbonas6583 3 года назад

Made me cry

@1mcob 3 года назад

So instructive and interesting. I can't fathom all the intricacies of mirco / life! Keep up the good work!

@ProfPuffOfficial 3 года назад

Woah the cam actually showing pores opening and closing

@thequietpart_ 3 года назад

This video highlights what I’ve been hoping this channel could become

@tigergallant 3 года назад

I wish I had a pet paramecium. If I had a paramecium, I would love it very much. I would give it a name like, “Slipper” , and I would make sure he was always happy. I would spend a lot of time, teaching it how to SBS (short-term-backwards-swimming) and LBS (long-term-backwards-swimming). And my paramecium would be so smart! I bet, he'd SBS, and LBS way faster then the other paramecium. Because, of my love for him. I would watch over him, with my microscope. Make sure he was safe from the stentors and amoebas. I would watch his little cilia flap about, watch him bump into something, and perform an SBS, or an LBS. God I would love my paramecium, so much.

@brendakrieger7000 3 года назад

Gorgeous footage🔬 When you care about the Paramecium being sick😭

@DaveHefty 3 года назад

This microscope is crazy. Around 2:23 was the first time microorganisms seemed more like animals to me instead of a mindless moving cells.

@NewTypexvii 3 года назад

I hate embedded adverts in the video made by the makers. But this kiwiko is awesome. I wish I had a kid.

@haikalmiftah2529 Год назад

This remind me to endosymbiotic hypothesis, to explaining the existence of unique genome of mitochondria and chloroplasts within many eukaryotic life: an ancient prokaryote being swallowed by ancient eukaryote and not being digested, while consuming some nutrients yet not to the point threatening life of the eukaryote in question. Eventually those ancient prokaryote lost the ability to life independently and become mitochondria and chloroplasts.