OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION: A-level Biology Aerobic respiration. Chemiosmotic theory and ETC

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Oxidative phosphorylation is the final stage in aerobic respiration and it occurs on the cristae. In this stage, most of the ATP is made. I explain how this stage involves the electron transfer chain, the movements of protons to create an electrochemical gradient and ATP synthase to catalyse the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. This is designed for A-level, specifically AQA topic 5.
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15 сен 2024

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Комментарии : 103

@Sudharsan04 2 года назад

For all the people who are lazy to watch this video XD: This stage involves chemiosmosis which takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane (Cristae) • Reduced NAD and FAD are passed to the electron transport chain. • Reduced NADs and FADs release hydrogen atoms which then split up into H+ and 1e • Electrons move down an energy gradient across the ETC to release energy. • This energy is utilised to pump H+ ions from the matrix to the intermembrane space producing a proton gradient. • H+ then move down conc. gradient through ATP synthase back into the matrix via facilitated diffusion. • ADP + Pi → ATP, also occurs while the protons pass through ATP synthase. This happens by utilising the protons’ electrical potential energy for chemiosmosis. • Oxygen acts as the final e- acceptor to form water. 1/2(O2) + (2H+)+ 2e- → H2O Theoretically • Reduced NAD produces 3 molecules of ATP • Reduced FAD produces 2 molecules of ATP However, some energy is used to transport ADP into the mitochondrion and ATP into the cytoplasm ∴ Realistically • Reduced NAD produces 2.5 molecules of ATP • Reduced FAD produces 1.5 molecules of ATP

@user-bk6uc5pi7n 2 года назад

Goat

@MissEstruchBiology 2 года назад

Love this 😄 But sure reading is just as much effort 😆

@Zen_Zen_Zense 2 года назад

thanksss

@lilyofthevalley005 2 года назад

ily

@Idkchangethislater 2 года назад

I love you so much

@mufaromashamba4077 2 года назад

Thankful for these vedios they are helping us in our studies in biology

@MissEstruchBiology 2 года назад

You're so welcome 😊😊

@edwarddjan8319 Год назад

It's true

@yahyarassam2991 9 месяцев назад

Videos mate

@imaanmudassar5181 3 года назад

Thank you so much for this to the point and clear explanation, you're a life saver❤️

@MissEstruchBiology 3 года назад

So glad you liked it and found it clear to understand 😊

@venusdomini9407 4 года назад

This helped so much with my hw. Also really appreciate how succinct the information is👍🏾👍🏾

@MissEstruchBiology 4 года назад

Hello Venus, I'm really glad it helped :) Thanks for the feeback.

@mariambenafia8839 3 года назад

I don't know what I would have done without u. Thank u miss estruch!

@MissEstruchBiology 3 года назад

You are so welcome and I hope this videos help you to achieve the grades you deserve!

@tasnimalabdullah419 Год назад

I have never commented on a video before, but I have to say thank you soo much, these videos do really help me a lot with my pharmacy foundation year, appreciate your time and effort, kind regards ❤️

@MissEstruchBiology Год назад

oh wow, I'm honoured to have earned your first comment! That's so amazing that my videos help with beyond A levels too!!

@rachelluo2978 3 года назад

This helped me so much! I have spent the past week completely baffled about the entire process. Thank you so much

@MissEstruchBiology 3 года назад

awww I'm so pleased to hear it has helped you understand 😀

@rachelluo2978 3 года назад

@@MissEstruchBiology :)

@rishiyadav9007 2 года назад

What would normally take the better part of an hour, you did it in under 6 minutes. That is more than 10 times faster. Thanks!

@adongkenaeunice524 Год назад

Thank you so much Ms Estruch

@MissEstruchBiology Год назад

You're so welcome

@ruben9510 Год назад

i have bio tommo afternoon and you've just saved me, thank you so much :)

@MissEstruchBiology Год назад

Happy to help! Good luck!!!

@MissEstruchBiology Год назад

this video is papar 2 content though!

@ruben9510 Год назад

@@MissEstruchBiologyOMG scared me for a second. I do OCR which has it on paper 1

@carolinaamador179 3 года назад

This is amazing. So clear and made so easy. Thank you!! You have a new subscriber!!

@MissEstruchBiology 3 года назад

So glad this video helped you! Thanks for subscribing, hope you enjoy all the new content too.

@doncooper4729 Год назад

The best explanation on the net.

@zara8313 2 года назад

The day before my A Level and I finally understand respiration, thank you so much!!

@eragon1378 Год назад

how did it go?

@zara8313 Год назад

@@eragon1378 it went well i got the grade i needed :)

@eragon1378 Год назад

@@zara8313 Fantastic! really nice to hear, I've got my a levels this year 😬😬😬

@zara8313 Год назад

@@eragon1378 good luck!!

@selin_lhs1 Год назад

this 5 min video taught me more than lessons

@MissEstruchBiology Год назад

ahhhh so pleased!!! I hope the rest all help you too@

@ninaaq5688 3 года назад

I have a test on cellular respiration tomorrow, and i have to say ur videos helped me alot !! Thank you so much🙏🏼❤️❤️

@MissEstruchBiology 3 года назад

So pleased the videos have helped! I hope your test goes well :)

@floralstarr3137 4 года назад

So helpful and so well explained thank you!

@MissEstruchBiology 4 года назад

Thank you :) Glad it was helpful!

@galefray 2 года назад

I love these videos so much. Thanks so much Miss Estruch.

@MissEstruchBiology 2 года назад

Thank you! So glad you like them 😊

@itsdharun 2 года назад

HELLO, I JUST WANT TO KNOW THE NET PRODUCTS PRODUCED AND THEIR AMOUNTS PER GLUCOSE MOLECULE IN THE OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION PROCESS, JUST LIKE YOU MENTIONED IN THE PREVIOUS VEDIOS.... BTW THIS VEDIO IS A LIFE SAVER. THANK YOU SO MUCH

@adhamahmed2819 3 года назад

This video is very helpful thank you so much! So does the atp synthase act as a enzyme and a protein carrier at the same time?

@MissEstruchBiology 3 года назад

Yes it does! :) You are very welcome.

@jamjar2677 2 года назад

great video, made it very easy to understand :)

@MissEstruchBiology 2 года назад

Really glad you found it easy to understand 🙌

@simbaplatnumz3693 2 года назад

thank you so much ,these explanations are more than clear

@MissEstruchBiology 2 года назад

So pleased you found it clear to understand!!!

@kiarashkhayyat4773 10 месяцев назад

Goated teacher 💯

@MissEstruchBiology 10 месяцев назад

ahh thank you :D

@ellamountain3087 3 года назад

you explain it really well and make it easy to understand and remember, thank you :)

@MissEstruchBiology 3 года назад

Hey Ella, So glad you think so and that it helped you!! Hopefully it helps you remember for your assessments 🤞🤞

@ellamountain3087 3 года назад

@@MissEstruchBiology thank you :)

@mlpcraze 3 года назад

so the first stage of oxidative phosphorylation is NADH and FADH releasing hydrogen atoms that are split into electrons and protons? (btw love your videos super easy to understand honestly wish i had found your channel much more earlier)

@MissEstruchBiology 3 года назад

Hello, So glad you are finding them helpful! Yes, that has to happen first in order for chemiosmosis to occur 😊

@animationbooth_28 Год назад

@@MissEstruchBiology is chemiosmosis another name for oxidative phosphorylation?

@everydynastyfan5773 Год назад

Hi Miss, I don’t get why oxygen is important with accepting electrons. If it accepts the electrons wouldn’t there be less electrons available for the electron transport chain?

@MissEstruchBiology Год назад

the elections are continually released by the reduced coenzymes, but if oxygen didn't pick them up at the end of the chain then the chain couldn't continue and therefore no more H+ would be pumped across and then no more ATP would be made. Hope that helps!

@ranaswirki3855 2 года назад

lifeee saver!!!!!!

@MissEstruchBiology 2 года назад

So glad it helped

@ramya8718 3 года назад

Where do the electrons come from when this process first begins? great video by the way, thank you

@MissEstruchBiology 3 года назад

They come from photolysis. The water is split into h+ , electrons and oxygen

@jacobbraithwaite6264 2 года назад

NADH and FADH is oxidised to NAD and FAD, releasing electrons

@chlee8985 7 месяцев назад

Thank you for your video. I could completely understand what I wanted to know. I have one question. In your video you mentioned that "Reduced NAD and FAD" , are "Reduced NAD and FAD" NADH and FADH?

@MissEstruchBiology 7 месяцев назад

hey! Yes they are the same thing 😊

@izzybelle55 6 месяцев назад

Amazing video, just wondering if the Oxygen is also important in preventing the protons build up in the matrix?

@MissEstruchBiology 6 месяцев назад

thank you. Mark schemes always link it to oxygen being important as the final electron acceptor to enable the electron transport chain to continue and therefore ATP can still be made

@angelumeokaleo1859 3 года назад

Hi in class my teacher spoke about NADH dehydrogenase which oxides NAD. Where would this take place ??:)

@MissEstruchBiology 3 года назад

Hello, That would happen in the mitochondrial matrix. It is the enzyme that removes the H from NAD, and then H splits into protons and electrons. Hope that helps 😊

@dennis_mihaylov 6 месяцев назад

thank you very much!

@MissEstruchBiology 6 месяцев назад

You're welcome :D

@porcupineou 3 месяца назад

hi miss, do we need to learn about the cytochrome chain? my teacher explained this but i have no idea what its about and you havent mentioned it

@MissEstruchBiology 3 месяца назад

not for AQA

@omotolathomas1608 3 года назад

Wowww This is soo good and explanatory!!!! Definitely recommend your videos !

@MissEstruchBiology 3 года назад

Thank you! 😃 Really glad you liked it

@graceisabella3556 3 года назад

where have the 10 reduced NAD come from. I thought there were 2 from glycolysis, 2 from the links reaction and 4 from the Krebs cycle

@MissEstruchBiology 3 года назад

Hello, You gain 6 from the Kreb's cycle (3 per cycle, but the cycle runs twice per glucose molecule)

@Ksye003 3 года назад

You are an honest boss at what you do, thank you so much!

@MissEstruchBiology 3 года назад

haha thank you!!! 😁 So pleased you like them

@keke3897 4 года назад

around 3:35 you made the mistake of saying H+ move down their concentration gradient via ATP synthase

@MissEstruchBiology 4 года назад

Hello, that isn't a mistake, that is what happens. First, H+ is actively transported through proteins embedded in the membrane from the matrix into the intermembrane space (using the energy released from the ETC). This creates an electrochemical gradient, (more H+ in the intermembrane space compared to the matrix), and therefore H+ move down their concentration gradient, through ATP synthase back in the matrix.

@unknown4822 3 года назад

very helpful thank you

@MissEstruchBiology 3 года назад

You're welcome! Really glad it helped !

@venusdomini9407 4 года назад

Also, what is the role of Cyt C in this process?

@MissEstruchBiology 4 года назад

Cytochrome C is one of the proteins in the electron transfer chain, which is part of the redox reactions when the electrons move from protein to protein embedded within the cristae (this is not on the AQA A-level specification though if you study this).

@MatT-vf7qo 4 года назад

what is the chemiosmotic theory?

@MissEstruchBiology 4 года назад

Hello, chemiosmosis is at 3.20min in the video. It is the movement of protons down their concentration gradient via facilitated diffusion. Hope that helps :)