Pathology of Angina Pectoris : Stable Angina - USMLE Step 1 coronary artery disease 

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Pathology of Angina Pectoris : Stable Angina - USMLE Step 1
Angina Pectoris
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A condition characterized by paroxysmal attacks of retrosternal chest discomfort, tightness, or pressure due to myocardial ischemia. Most commonly occurs in individuals with coronary heart disease. Triggers include exertion or stress, which results in increased myocardial oxygen demand.
• Typically retrosternal chest pain or pressure
• Pain can also radiate to left arm, neck, jaw, epigastric region, or back.
• Pain does not depend on body position or respiration
• No chest wall tenderness
• Angina may be absent, particularly in younger patients
• Often gradual progression
• Can also present as gastrointestinal discomfort
Dyspnea
Dizziness, palpitations
Restlessness, anxiety
Autonomic symptoms (e.g., diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting, syncope)
Stable angina
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Symptoms are reproducible/predictable
• Complaints often subside within minutes , with rest or after administration of nitroglycerin
• Common triggers
• Mental or physical stress
• Exposure to cold
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