The conjunctiva is a transparent mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and the front surface of the eye globe.
Conjunctivitis refers to the inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva.
Conjunctivitis Is acute If lasts less then 4 weeks.
Chronic - more then 4 weeks.
Most common causes of conjunctivitis are: Viruses, Bacteria or Allergy.
80 % of conjunctivitis are caused by viral infection.
Viral Conjunctivitis:
Adenovirus is the virus responsible on the 90 % of viral conjunctivitis.
Symptoms include: Itching and tearing, history of recent upper respiratory tract infection,
watery discharge.
Treatment:
Spontaneous resolution of viral infection usually occurs within 2-3 weeks, so specific treatment is typically unnecessary.
Treatment can include relief with cold compresses and artificial tears.
Topical steroids aren’t recommended for viral or bacterial infections, because they can longer the infection.
Another common form of conjunctivitis is Allergic conjunctivitis.
Allergic conjunctivitis is encountered around 40 % of population. It is huge part of population, but only small proportion of these individuals seek medical help.
Allergic conjunctivitis frequently associated with seasonal allergy and asthma.
Acute itching and watering are common symptoms, but the hallmark is chemosis, Chemosis is the swelling (or edema) of the conjunctiva.
Allergic conjunctivitis worse during the spring and summer. The most frequent allergens are tree and grass pollens. Perennial allergic conjunctivitis causes symptoms throughout the year, generally worse in the autumn when exposure to house dust mites, animal dander and fungal.
Treatment
• Artificial tears for mild symptoms.
• Mast cell stabilizers (e.g. sodium cromoglicate, nedocromil sodium, lodoxamide) must be used for a few days before exerting maximal effect, but are suitable (except lodoxamide) for long-term use if required.
Antihistamines (e.g. emedastine, epinastine, levocabastine, bepotastine) can be used for symptomatic exacerbations and are as effective as mast cell stabilizers.
• Dual action antihistamine and mast cell stabilizers (e.g. azelastine, ketotifen, olopatadine) act rapidly and are often very effective for exacerbations.
Bacterial Conjunctivitis:
Bacterial conjunctivitis more common among children.
Moderately purulent discharge occurs in acute bacterial conjunctivitis.
Severe purulent discharge is suggestive of gonococcal infection.
Significant pain, photophobia or a marked foreign body sensation
suggest corneal involvement.
Acute bacterial conjunctivitis is a common and usually self-limiting
Symptoms
Acute onset of redness, grittiness, burning and discharge.
Involvement is usually bilateral although one eye may
On waking, the eyelids are frequently stuck together and may be difficult to open.
About 60% resolve within 5 days without treatment.
• Topical antibiotics, usually four times daily for up to a week but sometimes more intensively, are frequently administered. to speed recovery and prevent re-infection and transmission.
Ointments and gels provide a higher concentration for longer periods than drops but daytime use is limited because of blurred vision.
The following antibiotics are available: Chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides (gentamicin,
neomycin, tobramycin), quinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, gatifloxacin,
moxifloxacin, besifloxacin), macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin) polymyxin B, fusidic acid and bacitracin.
chloramphenicol should not be used for routine treatment because of a possible link with aplastic
anaemia.
By The original uploader was Lady Weaxzezz at English Wikipedia. - Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons by Kauczuk using CommonsHelper., CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikime...
By Joyhill09 - I took this photo with a Nikon D40 of my eye infected with conjunctivitis, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikime...
By Tanalai at English Wikipedia, CC BY 3.0, commons.wikime...
By BruceBlaus. When using this image in external sources it can be cited as:Blausen.com staff (2014). "Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. - Own work, CC BY 3.0, commons.wikime...
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3 окт 2024
