I was surprised to see LET in your first principles solution. Full disclosure I haven't used LET yet but it seems more obscure / advanced than WORKDAY!
Not particularly clever but I sequenced out the next 5 dates, checked both their WEEKDAY values and MATCHed against the holidays list, and used the MIN of the dates that passed both tests.
Interesting… I’m lots of people know WORKDAY who don’t know LET since LET us newer, but I would definitely tell someone learning Excel to learn LET first (unless they had a role-specific requirement to work with business days). I’m a big fan of LET - I think it gives you the best of both worlds between the benefits of simple formulas (easy to read / understand) and the benefits of complex formulas (you can make your model a lot smaller if you don’t need so many helper cells). I talk about it more in this video: Using the LET function to record formula logic in Excel ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-k67qILECpsE.html That said, it doesn’t sound like there’s anything wrong with the way you did it! I assume you needed to extend it some way to deal with part 2.
Many institutions I work with have compatability issues with O365 functions so I purposefully steer clear of XLOOKUP, MINIFS, etc so haven't had an opportunity to use LET in the wild. I didn't go beyond Part 1, just wanted to see what I would day in lieu of LET / WORKDAY.
Yes, I remember the same period after Excel 2007 came out, but you had to be careful about using the new stuff… it will all get out there eventually though!