Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) 

Oh, great, so now we have two periodic tables. That's nice.

I never learned before that for the strong nuclear force to exert force on/between quarks, a total of eight(!) gluons is required. Thank you professor Dave!

Mr Dave, you are going more and more sophisticated! Lovely!

It's so good to hear a vocal explanation of this. Keep doing what you do Dave!

Great ! I'm Korean and so impressed that I would like to introduce and share this link with my community members for Physics.

Been looking for a good description of this for like, a week, and this is the first time I've gotten it. Thanks for being so concise, I appreciate it!!

I always picture red green and blue color charges as three 2D vectors at 120 degree angles to each other with a length of one. Negative charges just point in the opposite directions. With that, it makes sense that r + g + b = 0, r = - g - b, etc. Gluons (eg r - b) are vectors of length sqrt 2. It all just works out.

After up and down quark. Everything went over my head (bouncer) Well greeat explaintion.. Its just my brain that didnt compete with what you were saying... Thank you professor... I wanted to learn quarks and got an Idea of it..

Wonderful presentation. Super concise and definitely worth the small amount of time.

wait, so the smallest particles are not atoms, but quarks?

can't wait for the next one !! need to know

This guy will have explained everything in about 2,14 years from now

I think it should be: u c t d s b with the mass increasing as you go right and the columns being particles that pair up nicely due to the weak force.

I really love your videos professor Dave 💜

this blew my mind

AND literary references... I'm in awe.

The fact this made sense when I'm in my first semester of physics is great

Another very handy explanation. Will make sure to donate to your Patreon today.

You can increase the temperature enough to separate quarks into a quark-gluon plasma, by the way.

THANK YOU! I was struggling to understand why protons had positive electrical charge while neutrons didn't and the reason is so simply explained here

I just think the colors are not only a choice for categorization... It's in fact the holy trinity behind everything in the universe R,G,B - X,Y,Z - W, H, D, positve, negative, neutral and so on.... The whole render of 3 Dimensional hologram just like in computer graphics.

Can gluons have momentum , just like photons, considering the fact that they haven't been observed freely?

Dave, you have been helping me since my general chemistry courses! Is there anything that you don't know!? Lol

The strong *nuclear* force does not bind quarks together, the strong force (or color force) binds quarks together. The strong nuclear force is a longer range force that is caused by the strong force. Similarly the strong nuclear force is not mediated by gluons (and hence particles in the nucleus are not held together by gluons). The strong nuclear force is mediated by pions.

How does a Right Handed Top Quark decay? Weak Force only affects Left Handed Top's

Great video thank you!

Why would one quark have double the charge of another? Maybe the up quark can be split further

Thanks Dave, Hopefully Cern won't form a black hole, love startrek original. Story - Orange mist in Bermuda as my ship passed, the 3 layers of pillow clouds, pillow space pillow, couldn't do the math Not Fractals, maby sub Log e

thanks sir for explaining it . thank u soooo much

Thank you for the information.

Who else is here after watching young sheldon

Can u send the 2D or 3D image of quantum field plz?(example:electron field,up-quark field)

like charged objects repel eachother, we can calculate the strength of the repelingness, however HOw does it work,what is the repelingness constructed of and how is the motive force communicated, how does it work? is this known by science?

richard Feynman called his fellow physicists idiots for coming up with such a confusing name

Watching this thrice, getting clear.

Thanks!

Could it be that they are categorised as red green and blue because those are the primordial colours (think RBG cones in our eye) and these types of quarks are supposedly the primordium of an atom?

Obviously, the force between 2 quarks of different colors cannot strengthen forever as they are pulled apart. That makes no sense and will lead to infinities in the mathematics. Within a certain rather short distance though, it makes sense that it becomes increasingly difficult to pull quarks apart that are of different colors. Maybe this is just an ad hoc model that attempts to explain why individual quarks are never seen, but only mesons (quark - antiquark pairs) and baryons (particles made up of 3 quarks) are seen. Particles made up of 4 quarks or even 5 quarks apparently are possible too, although rarely, if ever, seen or detected. After all, particles with 4 or more quarks would have to include a couple of quarks of the same color, and maybe as a result they would not hold together for long.

does this mean that there are 3 varieties of protons depending on which color the quarks are?

Hello, if I may ask, is there a video on the 8 kinds of quarks? I haven’t been able to find a digestible source on it, and digging through Wikipedia rabbit holes is rather tricky, especially for someone who does not have every term memorized quite yet. Thanks!

Thirds; take that metric system!

why chromodynamic is important?

Why it got so less views? Anyway great video.

thnku so much sir

i did not understand how quarks keep the protons togeather

giáo sư có thể nói cho em biết nhiều hơn về chấm lượng tử Cacbon không ạ? Carbon quantum dots?

its just awesome professor. but can u tell me why quarks have charge????????

LET BRO COOK!!👨‍🍳👨‍🍳👨‍🍳👨‍🍳

I've looked up on google about quarks and it offered me strange and bizarre triangle plushies

Hi I have question , now the quarks are the smallest particle and we know that protons has a charge of +1 and the neutrons has a charge of zero these all details are because of the quarks ; right ? But my question is how we know the electrons are negatively charged ? And the electrons do not have an internal structure , right ? Please can you help me ???

Professor Dave. How much Americium-241 would it take to make an RI-TEG capable of powering the average American home?

I have 3000x more intelligence then my parents. And they always want to waste my time . Because they know it is the most valuable thing in this world.

I thought the Force was mediated by Midicholorians :)

Yeah, yeah, ok , hmm, bouncer

I'm starting to hate physics. God is just fucking with us.

What's up quark?

QUARKS DO NOT MAKE SENSE - or the 3rd quark is REALLY weird. Proton = 2 up , 1 down quarks. Neutron = 2 down, 1 up quarks. So the difference between the two is the 3rd quark. Both the proton and neutron, have one up and one down quark. That leaves the difference between the proton and neutron as the 3rd quark. So difference between a proton and neutron is due to whether the 3rd quark is up as in a proton, or down as in a neutron. So, if that's true then: The third quark determines these things: If it has an up quark - proton, then the particle is immortal. If it has a down quark - neutron, then the particle decays in 10 minutes. EXPLAIN If it has an up quark - a proton, then the particle has less mass then the neutron. If it has a down quark - a neutron, then the particle has .1% more mass than the proton. So the down quark weighs .1% more than the up quark. EXPLAIN Quarks have no measurable physical extension, and seem to exist at points. Yet that single point does all this and more. EXPLAIN The proton has an up quark, and that magic third quark also determines half of the electromagnetic force in the universe. And it in no way is like the electron, the other half, except in being an opposite charge. EXPLAIN The electron is one full charge. That magic third quark is 2/3+ charge, yet it determines half the charge of the universe. EXPLAIN. The up and down quarks combined for a proton or neutron, account for 1% of the mass - the rest is binding energy. That means that that third quark is by itself less than 1% of mass, yet still determines half the charge of the universe? EXPLAIN When three quarks team up only a small part of the proton's mass comes from the masses of the quarks. Most is binding energy. So that third quark has virtually no mass but can do all these magic things. EXPLAIN. Quarks interact strongly and link in twos or threes to make particles such as pions, protons, and neutrons. Yet the other half of the charge world, electrons, does none of these things. EXPLAIN Physics is a science of pairs. For every particle there is an anti-particle. Virtual particles come in pairs. Spin, waves destructive and constructive interference, etc. In these cases the pairs are virtually identical and or mirror images of each other. So why would electromagnetic charge have electrons and protons so different from each other, and in no way seem built on exact opposites, or mirror image opposites. EXPLAIN! There is the proton spin crisis where the 3 quarks and their spin doesn't work. "Physicists expected that the quarks carry all the proton spin. However, not only was the total proton spin carried by quarks far smaller than 100%, these results were consistent with almost zero (4-24%) proton spin being carried by quarks." Wiki. EXPLAIN. PARTICLE / WAVE duality includes atoms, electrons, protons, neutrons, quarks and gluons. Now imagine a nucleus of deuterium that has no particles only waves: that includes a proton wave, neutron wave, 6 quark waves, plus gluon waves. EXPLAIN Quarks exist in pairs, so why do protons and neutrons have three? Where did the third quark come from? Protons and neutrons are waves, so how can a wave have three quarks? Two quark meson are bosons not fermions. EXPLAIN Mesons, with 2 quarks are 1.2 times the size of a proton r neutron. EXPLAIN. NEITHER electrons or protons can decay, so both should be elementary particles, but protons are not considered elementary. EXPLAIN How can such a small electron match the charge of a massive proton? Explain. There is the proton radius puzzle. Explain. Quarks exist in pairs; so why does the proton and neutron have 3 quarks? Neutrons are made up of quarks which do have charges. So physicists expect neutrons to interact with the electric field - but they don't! Explain. Anti neutron and anti proton have anti quarks. Explain For a quark to be both a wave (and a particle), then it too must have at least a wave and a trough. So three quarks must have 3 waves. Explain Fact Neutron has no electric charge. Neutron has magnetic movement (So charge inside neutron acts like a small magnet) Explain. Fact Electric charge is not uniformly distributed inside neutron Close to the center you find positive charge. While outer regions are negatively charged. Explain Neutrons are radioactive if they are free of atoms If extra neutrons are added to shell it becomes extremely radioactive. Explain Strong force needed to keep protons from flying apart, but strong force is also applied to the neutron that has no charge. Explain "The proton is intermittently full of these virtual particles and, in fact when we try to estimate how much they might contribute to the mass of the proton, we find that the quarks themselves provide very little of the total mass and that the fields created by these particles contribute most of the energy that goes into the proton's rest energy and hence it's rest mass. The same is true for the neutron...." A universe from Nothing Krauss. Quote in Probable Universe p 48. EXPLAIN 'No one has been able to do with a quark what Thomson and Millikan did with an electron, measuring it's charges, or mass, or even it's charge to mass ratio. For this reason, we cannot yet include quarks among the ranks of the observed particles. "From neutrinos to the top quark there are 14 orders of magnitude of mass that the standard model needs to explain. This is hard to do even with the HIgg's Boson which is the missing ingredient. - Joanna Baler

The old triangle gluon-quark connection bugs me. It should be a Y connection of gluons between quarks.

Algo boost! Lana Del Rey Lana Del Rey

SOMEBODY UNLOCK HIS HANDCUFFS..

😵‍💫🤔

Anyone here after watching Young Sheldon?

saale explain the title.

Anyone here from Young Sheldon