So what if you put TONS of energy into trying to pull apart a quark and it's anti-counterpart but you stop JUST shy of breaking them apart (creating new pairs of quarks?) Where does that energy go?
I'm in my final year of my physics degree and this made way more sense than any lecture/textbook description I've encountered about the quark model. Thank you Physics Girl, you're amazing. Please keep making videos!
If there had been an internet in the late 70's and I'd seen this video back then... There weren't videos I knew of on the Arpanet when I was doing my physics co-op at NASA... Why couldn't any of my (PhD in physics) professors have made it this easy? I changed to Computer Science and turned out OK, but I still wonder what might have happened if I'd stayed as a physics major. I'm retired now. I'm loving your videos, and re-learning things I'm pretty sure I used to know, and EASILY learning things I know I never knew! Love that you got together with Simone. Two of my favorite you-Tubers!
Wow you were at NASA in the 70's how exciting! Science and technology is evolving at such a rapid pace. A friend pointed out to me the the same amount of time 1918 to 1970 and 1970 to 2022. Both amazing epochs of rapid change. Am glad you're able to keep learning and being inspired. Love her videos.
King Crocoduck That's how I found her... If only you both uploaded more ;) (I'm happy to wait though dude as you must be super stressed and busy with study and all)
King Crocoduck Here are some other questions. 1. In Beta Decay how does the Baryon decide which of the two Up Quarks to turn into a Down Quark or which of the two Down Quarks to turn into an Up Quark valance wise. 2. Does the same Quark gradient exist inside Mesons? 3. If Techni-Color Theory is true what is the size of the Higg's Boson? 4. Would there be Valence and Sea Quarks inside a Higg's Boson? Can someone answer these?
***** 1. In Beta decay, you have a down quark decaying into an up quark and spitting out a couple of leptons. Which particular quark ends up decaying is dependent on the potential, so in the end you solve the Schrodinger or Dirac equation to determine the probabilities. 2. Not sure what you mean by "quark gradient." 3. Higgs doesn't have a size- it's a point. If you're talking about mass, technicolor generally predicts much higher masses than what was found- on the order of ~2000 GeV/c^2 4. No, since bosons, like quarks, are fundamental particles. Leptons, quarks, and bosons don't have constituents.
King Crocoduck There are many places that say The Higg's Boson might have Techni-Quarks inside them, what would be the size or Quark makeup even if these are a different kind of Quarks?
Wow! This was brilliant! Not only did you answer questions about quarks I didn't know I had!.. but you did it in a way that I do believe young kids will easily get! Using candy as the theme for all the visual aids was also brilliant. You didn't dumb anything down either. Can't praise this video enough. Keep up the excellent work! :0
Patrick Melody Yes although I personally love physics and I don't mind how it is taught to me, this is how it should be taught to people who don't follow easily so they don't get confused!
Patrick Melody I scrolled down to the comments so I could say exactly the same thing. So much science is dumbed down to the point that it's wrong. This video *proves* that it's possible to create something that's simple and correct at the same time. I may well be linking to it in future internet squabbles to prove my point that it *can* be done.
Denis Kartachov Here are some questions. 1. In Beta Decay how does the Baryon decide which of the two Up Quarks to turn into a Down Quark or which of the two Down Quarks to turn into an Up Quark valance wise. 2. Does the same Quark gradient exist inside Mesons? 3. If Techni-Color Theory is true what is the size of the Higg's Boson? 4. How fast do Quarks move? Can someone answer these?
I think the important question here is, how can we go about creating an environment where M&M's can spontaneously pop into existence? I can already take care of the popping _OUT_ part of the process...
Thats why I love Physics. My brain is full of explanations of phenomenons and explanations of how the universe rolls! I myself want to be an astrophysicist when I'm older.
Great enunciation clarity in your presentation. Bravo! Well done. I am 80 years old and having lousy hearing. There are most likely others with similar problems, who appreciate the clarity also. Just cranking up the volume often does not help much.
Love the way she repeated "particles "! How many times i have watched it! The expression! ❤️ Also choosing a different and effective example was brilliant!
Love You Physics Girl! This is just out of this world awesome that has professionalism as well as lots of education. You are making me to love physics more. You deserve more subscribers! Hats off!
Amazing video as usual! Very insightful. I don't know why this isn't mentioned more often. It seems like a huge distinction between there being only 3 quarks vs. 3 valence quarks. I'm almost done with a B.S. in physics (1 year to go), and I didn't know that. :3 Of course, I haven't taken particle physics or even quantum mechanics yet. You never fail to blow my mind! Please keep it up. You're the best physics RU-vidr in my opinion. :)
totally agreed patrick melody.........this is just amazing i am a 8 standard school boy and had so many doubts on quarks...you cleared all brilliant.....
Cute yes, but mostly only because there are far FAR too few physics girls out there. Without the physics she would look very different. Besides, Derek already beat us to her. He was already successful posing as a model before posing as a physicist. HA.
Too Much Candor No. "What" is perfectly appropriate. I'm asking what school he went to. "What" is perfectly fine grammatically. Also, I don't have a degree in English. Samsul got a degree in physics and didn't learn basic physics.
I went to the University of Michigan, and I only learned that protons and neutrons had three quarks. That's it. I had no idea about everything else that make up protons and neutrons.
All is comes my mind after watching your video is 'God Bless You for this lovely video' that a professor even cant explain in that way ever...I am so grateful.
You're gonna win over a lot of people with the candy. Licorice and M&M for the win! In my world, M&M stands for Mmmm Mmmm ;-) Also, the party-cle bit was perfect... wouldn't have been the same without the giggle afterword. P.S. I left you another comment on your twin's paradox video several days ago. Not sure if you got it or not, but it included an apology. I need to do a follow-up video on it.
Wow this is interesting! As a physics student particle physics was always the subject I know most less about. At the time it didn´t interest me too much as I thought it didn´t have enough practical applications. As time passes I´m getting more and more fascinated by this stuff.
I thought I understood quarks and in less than 5 minutes physics girl taught me more than a semester of particle physics. My Mind is blown. Thanks physics girl.
And Star Trek Deep Space Nine which Quark starred on was, to my knowledge, the fourth Star Trek series. 49!? *Mystery theme from Star Trek starts playing*
Hey, great video! Not easy to explain fundamentals of physics in such an easy to understand manner! But I have some questions left: Why do quarks stay in a proton? Why is the random creation of quarks confined to happen inside a proton? What do gluons do?
@Lennart Senden Now, ik you may have found the answer by now lmao, but if not, id recommend learning about bosons, which are force carrying particles, and the 4 fundamental forces, i personally think that its because of the very short range of gluons and in proxy, the strong nuclear force itself, but idk enough so do feel free to check those topics out
Up, down, strange, charm, top, bottom. If you don't know that a quark is, It don't matter, you still got 'em. With leptons and bosons, unless something's amiss, They make up everything that we can see, and that we know exists.
"How many quarks in a proton?" Me: 3 Her: 3 and ......... no. "Can you separate quarks?" Me: No Her: Well yes... but actually no. "what is the up and down quark electric charge?" Me: Positive and negative? Her: +2/3 and -1/3 Me: HUH??
Thank you, that cleared up some serious misunderstandings I never knew I had. You never know what you don't know. Fascinating stuff! What a strange world we exist in. And the 'color charge' thing floored me. That really is damn clever.
Why is this not at the top of the video list for Quarks?! Best explanation on the net. I’d suggest slowing down just a tad, but hey I can just watch the video a few times and catch what I missed. Amazing
I would think that "anit red" is a red light wave that cancels the other out. With other words, a light wave with the same amplitude and frequency but with inverted phase.
I'm old - really! In my 70s so none of this was taught when I was in school. I love learning and this is an excellent way to teach - kids and seniors! Thanks.
This girl is incredible with the intelligence she has. I wish I had that. I am amazed. These videos she does are put together really well for such an abstract science
So if trying to separate quarks requires enough energy to create new ones to pair with them, how do protons have an odd number of quarks? Or did you mean they just have to be near other quarks (but not necessarily "paired")? Great video, thank you.
That's actually a really good question! Short answer: they've been like that for a long time; we don't really know how they came to be (yet). Long answer: Quark-antiquark pairs of corresponding flavours can pop into existence given enough energy because all charges are conserved when that happens (colour, EM etc). When you try to separate the quarks in such a pair, you create a new set of quarks identical to the first one- meaning that all charges are still conserved- and are left with two pairs. In other words, pairs are pretty straightforward. There is another way the quarks can come together, though, and yet again it boils down to stability through conservation of charges; specifically, the colour charge. As was explained in the video, a particle with colour charge can only exist in combination with either a particle with anticolour or two other particles with colour. In other words, three valence quarks can stably exist together- as long as they can form a particle in the first place. The problem here is that the only way for a baryon to form from energy while conserving all charges, including baryon number, is for an antibaryon to also form at the same time; a process which requires a whole lot of energy and ultimately results in antimatter-matter annihilation unless one manages to keep them separated somehow. At least that's how it should work in theory. By our current understanding of Physics, baryon number should be conserved. But judging from the amount of baryons around us and the most fortunate lack of antibaryons, there must be circumstances in the early universe that violated this conservation. Several possible mechanisms have been proposed in various models, but it remains to be seen what is actually behind it. In conclusion, it is possible for existing baryons to keep existing because colour charge is conserved. We do not yet know where all the antibaryons went, but we'll figure it out some day.
Procyon B. Here are some questions you might be able to answer. 1. In Beta Decay how does the Proton or Neutron decide which of the two Up Quarks to turn into a Down Quark or which of the two Down Quarks to turn into an Up Quark valance wise. 2. Does the same Quark gradient exist inside Mesons? 3. How fast do Nucleons orbit eachother? 4. How fast do Quarks move? If you don't know please answer what you do know.
I'll do my best! 1. The thing about decay is that it is a random leap to a metastable state. So there is no "decision"- one of the quarks changes flavour (internally in first generation, otherwise it would be more problematic) quite at random, whereas the other happens not to. The question is rather why these decays only happens under certain circumstances, which is where metastability comes into play; the hadron itself can only ever exist in certain configurations; states that at least in the short term are stable, ie metastable. Other states do not exist; they are incompatible with the quantum world. Therefore, a hadron can only ever decay to a metastable state. 2. I'm sorry, but I'm not quite sure that I understand what you mean by quark gradient. Could you please elaborate? Something I think it might be worth pointing out, is that mesons pop in and out of existence all the time- they are very unruly and unstable, and often exist inside of other particles- because they can. All their charges, except mass, cancel out perfectly internally, so nothing's really stopping them from existing wherever; except energy, of course. 3. Interesting question- I honestly have no idea! I'll look into it and get back to you. 4. I have an answer for this one, but it's probably not the one you want. First, it's important to recognise that quarks are massive fermionic particles, and thus don't have to move at any particular speed; their movement is largely random. It is also neigh on impossible to observe, because quarks cannot exist in isolation. That being said, they can move really fast, because of their small mass. I seem to recall references to them moving at relativistic speeds, which is again problematic because models kind of fall apart with relativistic quantum mechanics. I'm sorry I couldn't be of more assistance, but hope the answers I did provide were of some assistance. Thank you for the interresting questiond!
Procyon B. I'll give alittle more detail. 1.When I said gradient I meant how many different kinds of Quarks are inside the average hadron whether Sea or Valance. Not just what's inside a Baryon. 2. When you said Quarks move at Relativistic speeds what are we talking, how many decibel places close to the speed of light? Thank you for trying.
excellent as a retired scientist that searches for information/understanding this video was well presented. It will be interesting to see if the new instruments will be able to discover proton decay, the time scales and size scales are truly staggering from a human perspective
***** Here are some questions you might be able to answer. 1. In Beta Decay how does the Baryon decide which of the two Up Quarks to turn into a Down Quark or which of the two Down Quarks to turn into an Up Quark valance wise. 2. What is your opinion on Techni-Quarks? 3. How fast do Nucleons orbit eachother? 4. Roughly how fast do Quarks move on average? If you don't know please answer what you do know.
***** Heh, I've seen you post this on so many comments. I'm glad you care to get these answered. You should trying emailing a professor of physics at your local university.
why are science videos on youtube so good? i mean like, most of them only need 4-5 min to help me understand the whole exact same thing in my textbooks which i have to struggle to understand for like a whole week
Victor Nguyen It is mainly because of the fact that you get to choose what you want to watch, but have to learn certain things. Another reason is because there is less stress on you, when watching a video there isn't anything to worry about, but you can worry for a quiz when reading textbook. Also, videos have better visuals so you can understand it better.
Thankyou. What you're doing is very important. As your own personal angle on the material. Is excellent for promoting new insight. (One thing though.) Maybe slow it down a little. Let the facts sink in. One by one. (I pause the video after every fact to explore its meaning and potential. ) Thanks again, you're ace.
Very good explanation about quarks. Thank you. That's a very interesting thing... So quarks are like the primary particles that directly participate in matter (mass) - energy (no mass) duality? How energy gain mass to become matter? Is that question already explained in physics?
Wahou ! Je ne me suis jamais penché sur la physique des particules, et oui, les quarks je les savais au coeur des neutrons et protons, mais là, en 5min ! J'ai presque compris leur fonctionnement et interactions ! Superbe travail ! Mais n'hésitez pas à passer en 0,5 pour avoir le temps de lire et de comprendre les "dessins" !
SUH-WEEEEET! I'm showing this to my 5th grade students today! THANK YOU! You do such a great job at explaining such complex and abstract concepts - with fun and edible manipulatives!
