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continuous waveform capnography is ideal but in icu it’s usually just colorimetric. All the operating rooms will have a continuous waveform. You still need to auscultate though. Also Xray is never used to confirm tube placement in the OR, endoscopy, C-section rooms, EP lab etc. Most of the time the person intubating will see it go through the cords. 21 cm at the incisors for most women and 23 for most men. You can usually feel the balloon inflate in the suprasternal notch too when it’s in the right place but CO2 and auscultation are most important.