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Radio Wave Propagation Basics - Where do Signals Go - and How? 

DXCommander
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In this video we look at how radio signals propagate, whether that be line of sight, reflection, defraction and refraction through the Ionosphere. We discuss the difference between HF (shortwave) and VHF / UHF. We also discuss Sporadic E and how that can also affect some HF signals and VHF signals mostly in the summer months.
This video is part of the Foundation Series and is suitable for Foundation Students for Ham Radio as well as anyone else interested in how radio signals propagate.
Callum.

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12 апр 2024

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Комментарии : 152   
@mike-M0MSN
@mike-M0MSN 2 месяца назад
Your passion for this subject is obvious, brilliant presentation and video.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Awe Mike!!!
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
4:20 Possible slight mistake regarding difference over Ducting and E Layer propagation. No need to worry about it because we don't cover the different layers anyway. We'll do that another day. It's "advanced" but this fact won't affect your knowledge.
@Thinks-First
@Thinks-First 2 месяца назад
Best lecture on basic propagation I've ever watched. Thank you, sincerely.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Wow. Thanks.
@MrTommy001
@MrTommy001 2 месяца назад
30 year tech. Three month General and three months into HF. I am SO far behind (at age 78). But I soak up any and all of your vids. Easy to understand, funny when it counts, and always informative. Thanks, Cal, for being there.
@Thinks-First
@Thinks-First 2 месяца назад
I started as a Tech in 1982 then in 2010 got my general and extra. Always something new to learn and always something old to relearn. This guy Callum is second to none in getting right to the heart of the technology and explaining it in a way that makes sense. There is another ham in in Rockland California who is also incredible but I forgot his name and call. Between the two you have all the elmers you need to learn and grow.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
That is awesome!
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
@@Thinks-First Ah. That's my friend Jim, W6LG!
@Thinks-First
@Thinks-First 2 месяца назад
@@DXCommanderHQ Yes, Jim. That's him. Tnx.
@erickeith3490
@erickeith3490 2 месяца назад
As always, thank you for making a complex subject easy to understand... especially for those of us who are visual learners! 73
@jamesemery1
@jamesemery1 2 месяца назад
Passed my foundation this afternoon. Thanks Cal your videos was extremely helpful.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Woo-Hoo!!
@dannyjardine8828
@dannyjardine8828 2 месяца назад
Your use of layman's terms make your videos easy to learn from. Keep up the great work!!!
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Thanks, will do!
@deezimmer4207
@deezimmer4207 2 месяца назад
I learn more from you than any course ive paid for. Thank you x
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Very kind.
@thedrewwhiteshow
@thedrewwhiteshow 2 месяца назад
Another wonderful video. Just got licensed January 2024, and learn something with every video. An added bonus is that each video really makes me think about different kinds of things. Thank you very much!
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Fantastic!
@MW6PNW
@MW6PNW 2 месяца назад
Another well explained video for us "Dull ones". Cheers Cal. 73s
@M0RMY
@M0RMY 23 дня назад
Cal, for some reason I missed this video until now - it is probably the best one I have seen on basic RF propagation for an introductory explanation. No jargon or assumed knowledge. Really well done mate.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 18 дней назад
Awe Tom! What a lovely comment!
@cyrilshokoples7289
@cyrilshokoples7289 9 часов назад
Been a Canadian Advanced Amateur for many decades and just got back into HF. Discovered your channel at the same time and love your approach, even the most basic topics. Hope to catch you on the air some day. VE6MTN
@richardmaxwellii2689
@richardmaxwellii2689 2 месяца назад
You make it so easy to understand for people with little knowledge in ham radio
@richardgroves290
@richardgroves290 2 месяца назад
Excellent presentation, keep on doing what you do Callum, never stop!
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Thanks, will do!
@DD5LP
@DD5LP 2 месяца назад
I always think of Sporadic E being useful on 10 and 6 metres. Less often on 4 & 2 metres. Never on UHF. Long distance propagation on 2m and 70cm I remember more as coming from temperature inversion effects causing a kind of trunking between eg the UK and the continent. Propagation is a magical thing, but hard to explain to a newbie. Callum another great description here in this video. 73 Ed
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Hey Thanks Ed.
@anderskihlelb3bj835
@anderskihlelb3bj835 2 месяца назад
God Job Cal. This can bring more people into the hobby !
@richardmillican7733
@richardmillican7733 2 месяца назад
You've definitely got a skill of explaining things in such an easy to understand manner Callum. Your definitely becoming an Elmer!! Cheers for the content, busy studying for licence now. Incidentally, off to high ground this evening to have a play about on 11 metres.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Have fun!
@jameslarrimore1419
@jameslarrimore1419 2 месяца назад
Thank you sir 15 minutes from you I learn more then an hour of book reading, stay safe .Kc3yun from the states..
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Wow, thanks
@RadioMattM
@RadioMattM 2 месяца назад
This is what makes radio fascinating. I have talked to Italy on a doublet hanging in my backyard in Houston. I am astounded when I look at that wire and think about what I have been able to do with it.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Yeah.. Same!
@unclemikeyplays
@unclemikeyplays 2 месяца назад
I'm already well past Foundation (well, Technician, being a Yank)--but I still watched this video because your energy for the subject is always engaging! With respect to the mysteries of propagation, my first contact today, in broad daylight, mid-afternoon in Minnesota, was Russia on 15m. It made no real sense, but I wasn't going to argue that QSO!
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Love that!
@mikeladd5880
@mikeladd5880 2 месяца назад
This was explained brilliantly, my 10yo son is trying to learn and these videos are perfect for him. Thankyou cal
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Great to hear!
@imaginaryfriend9655
@imaginaryfriend9655 Месяц назад
Callum your videos are really pleasing to watch, very informative and your overall content is awesome, I started off on 11mtr as a CB Radio enthusiast and am now studying for my Foundation licence, I have to say, without your content I would have probably given up but, the way you explain everything is easy and as I said very simple but informative, keep up the great videos buddy… Ricky in West Yorkshire
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ Месяц назад
Wow. Thanks for the kind words.. Good luck!
@kenknox6860
@kenknox6860 13 дней назад
Nice refresher Callum, 73 from the USA
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 11 дней назад
Hey Thanks!
@todivefor47
@todivefor47 2 месяца назад
Love your Foundation videos! Learning a lot. 45 year advanced license with 40 year hiatus. Just got back into HF last September with WRC antenna. Researched vertical antennas all Winter. Sig9 arrived this week. Finished cutting the elements. When rain stops will dig my hole. Can't wait to get it on the air. Peter-WB3IZU
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
That is awesome!
@mel904
@mel904 2 месяца назад
I love all of your content. I find your sessions to be very informative and interesting. You have sparked the interest in taking the test here in the US.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Wow. Good luck!
@GSWEAR66
@GSWEAR66 2 месяца назад
I appreciate all the videos Callum!
@Superacerc
@Superacerc 2 месяца назад
Love it Cal. Good basics everyone should remember. I've been propagating some POTA signals towards your way today. Got several EU contacts and sweden and venezuela at the same time on the same band (15m) from my car with an outbacker perth antenna. Fun stuff. DX commander Classic is sitting at home with the amplifier waiting and ready for me to get back from a work trip.
@DukeDave1
@DukeDave1 2 месяца назад
Thank-you Callum. Another interesting topic.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Glad you think so!
@Hamradio101
@Hamradio101 2 месяца назад
As always Cal another excellent informative and visual video keep up the good work and "may the (RF)force be with you" Ray
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Much appreciated Ray
@matsbengtsson3756
@matsbengtsson3756 2 месяца назад
Thank you for helping Jim - W6LG. Very nice gesture. I have one of your classic antennas, great stuff. Thank you.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Thanks!
@SteveHutchings-ve1wth
@SteveHutchings-ve1wth Месяц назад
Very nice explanation. Incidentally, I was at our club tonight where a teacher was explaining propagation using powerpoint with mostly words to new ham students . Oh my, it was dry. I think your practical and visual presentation would have been received quite well. Cheers.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ Месяц назад
Oh! ANyway, thanks for the encouragement.
@hmonteiro1
@hmonteiro1 2 месяца назад
A lifetime of learning. Thank you for sharing your knowledge in an easy to understand approach - the drawings help a lot make it chewable.. Liked and subscribed. Looking forward to learning more from you. Cheers from the US.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Great to hear!
@DonDegidio
@DonDegidio 2 месяца назад
Hi Cal, You do have the knack of making more difficult subjects easy to understand. You, Wendy and the family stay safe. 73 WJ3U
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Tnx Don!!!
@NewHamBasicsKD9ZRO
@NewHamBasicsKD9ZRO 2 месяца назад
Great explanation of basic propagation. I definitely have a bit of a better understanding of why certain bands "work" at certain distances.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Ah great!
@gardeningfromscratch.
@gardeningfromscratch. 2 месяца назад
Liked your explanation of cloud warming :) (nvis)
@dean15464
@dean15464 2 месяца назад
Great video especially NVIS and the new technical term ‘bouncy bouncy’. 😂
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Bouncy Bouncy! LOL!!!
@bctoner
@bctoner 2 месяца назад
Thank you it is never a bad thing to review the basic stuff. As you said it is a lot more complicated and you could spend a lifetime just on that topic.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Good point.
@ronandrew878
@ronandrew878 2 месяца назад
Great video Callum, very informative Thank you.
@donm1025
@donm1025 Месяц назад
Really enjoying your channel...I'm new to HAM and the learning curve is steep!
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ Месяц назад
Welcome aboard!
@DavidBoyd-jb5bf
@DavidBoyd-jb5bf Месяц назад
Thank you for sharing your knowledge with us. Much appreciated.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ Месяц назад
My pleasure!
@michelsteensels3019
@michelsteensels3019 Месяц назад
Thanks for the clear explanation... I knew the theory .. 35 years ago :)) .. quite a refreshment. 73 ON7SX
@Marcel-PG0M
@Marcel-PG0M 2 месяца назад
Very well explained Callum !
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Thank you!!
@paulsanders1
@paulsanders1 2 месяца назад
In America, I am studying for my General license and in this short video I can actually understand these principles so much better, thanks so much! Paul Sanders KK6RXU
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Great to hear!
@Chris_KI4WCO
@Chris_KI4WCO 2 месяца назад
Another amazing video. Got my US general last year, and you're refreshing that knowledge . Thank you.
@2e0fjjvlogs32
@2e0fjjvlogs32 2 месяца назад
Nice Video Calum as always. Keep up the good work. 73's
@trevorbond1325
@trevorbond1325 2 месяца назад
Great video Callum. I enjoy your channel very much. Watching from Niagara Region of Ontario🇨🇦. VA3TBI.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Awesome! Thank you!
@artnyberg
@artnyberg 2 месяца назад
Enjoy your videos Callum. Interesting to hear the difference from what the US has in the curriculum. Keep it up.
@redraiderreloading7612
@redraiderreloading7612 Месяц назад
Really enjoying the videos . I'm studying for my technician test. I will be taking this winter Thanks for the great content....73
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ Месяц назад
Good luck!
@garyfilmer382
@garyfilmer382 2 месяца назад
Thank you for your clear explanations, very interesting! I am newly subscribed to your channel. Love all the parallels between the way radio waves behave, and quanta of light, because light is both a wave and a particle (photon), and light diffracts and refracts too.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Beautiful!
@davidsheedy5793
@davidsheedy5793 2 месяца назад
great job explaning propagation...
@45auto
@45auto 2 месяца назад
When you said "bouncy bouncy" my mind went somewhere completely different. 😊
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
The Double D layer?
@45auto
@45auto 2 месяца назад
@@DXCommanderHQ *Insert the Benny Hill theme music*
@FromthehamshackwithNJ4Z
@FromthehamshackwithNJ4Z 2 месяца назад
Nicely Done Callum, great job explaining this. Reflection, refraction and defraction are sometimes confused. Sporadic E and tropospheric ducting are also confusing for some. This series will help many get their license or help expand knowledge of those who are starting out great job!!!.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Hey thanks John.. I must admit, tropo & sporadic were "mingled" by accident. I put it in the pinned comment.
@shinysheff61
@shinysheff61 2 месяца назад
Very interesting video,from a born again Ham. 73's (G7SMO)
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Welcome back! :)
@hammermekanik
@hammermekanik 2 месяца назад
Thank you Callum, I appreciate your effort because I learn a lot from you.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Hey Thanks!
@daveengstrom9250
@daveengstrom9250 2 месяца назад
This is good stuff. Always interesting to me.
@PRODIGY5369
@PRODIGY5369 2 месяца назад
Great video Cal. Thanks 👍
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
No problem 👍
@melvindimes6376
@melvindimes6376 2 месяца назад
Thanx Cal. Great basics!!
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Lovely!!
@renevertommen7669
@renevertommen7669 2 месяца назад
Good stuff calum some people dont now this afther 20years amateur radio 😊 cheers ON3VS
@jamesemery1
@jamesemery1 2 месяца назад
good video once again Cal
@DearNoobs
@DearNoobs 2 месяца назад
another great video cal!, thanks for all you do bud. 73
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Thanks 👍
@jeffyork4021
@jeffyork4021 2 месяца назад
nice explanation, thanks!
@LB7VJ
@LB7VJ 2 месяца назад
Excellent video.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Thanks.
@marcoplacidi9975
@marcoplacidi9975 2 месяца назад
Absolutely a great video I loved it😊
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Wow thank you!
@Hairball786
@Hairball786 2 месяца назад
Thanks for sharing, Boss. 👍
@bpjr1899
@bpjr1899 2 месяца назад
Well stated.......Thank you.
@W5KY
@W5KY 2 месяца назад
Love your videos Cal. But love using your antennas more....73 brother.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Thanks 👍
@davidwade2829
@davidwade2829 Месяц назад
Very helpful
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ Месяц назад
Thank you!
@jorgecapovila1311
@jorgecapovila1311 2 месяца назад
Halo Callam I have found very interesting you video for propagation ,it certain to me will help new radio operator I have bean in the bands for years in different parts of the world and see this fenomeno thanks you M6FWO Jorge
@MM3DDQ-rt1oq
@MM3DDQ-rt1oq 2 месяца назад
Brilliant Really Interesting Cal, Paul MM3DDQ
@stargazer7644
@stargazer7644 2 месяца назад
I work microwaves on the ham bands, and 10 GHz bounces quite well off of raindrops. Pointing your antenna at the top of thunderstorms in the summer results in quite long distance contacts. Ducting also results in 500 mile contacts.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Wow!
@1shARyn3
@1shARyn3 2 месяца назад
ah, yes, many of us do follow you 😍
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Thanks!
@jeffmerlin2580
@jeffmerlin2580 2 месяца назад
00:10 Radio waves are indeed affected by gravity according to Einstein. 🙂 Anyway, great video. I watched every bit (and hit like of course)
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
If you can find an amateur radio operator who worries about gravity, I'll buy you a pint!
@tom23rd
@tom23rd 2 месяца назад
Shame if this video doesn't do well, information is valuable!
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
It won't do very well. Most folks don't have the "bandwidth" to take in more than about 1-minute of anything these days.
@WECB640
@WECB640 2 месяца назад
The Hooters - Where do the signals go Between the bright night and darkest day Where do the signals go And who's that deadly piper who leads them away?
@lillebrornmb
@lillebrornmb 2 месяца назад
You make very nice videos. Not a HAM yet. Greeting from OZ land.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Hello OZ land!
@billmcilwee566
@billmcilwee566 2 месяца назад
Here's a nice and pleasant comment. Thank you for another informative video, well explained. Hmm, I think it would be marvelous to study the licensing materials from different countries. 73, KF0NNQ.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Great suggestion!
@MadScotsmanNZ
@MadScotsmanNZ 2 месяца назад
Back in January 2018 just after I got my license one of my first DX contacts was with VK2EME on 2M 144.1 MHz ssb with a home made 15mm copper pipe J pole that I made from scrap and an old Icom 10W ssb radio. Call it beginners luck I have never made a 2M dx contact since I now have a IC9700 on a 14M tower with 12 elements and still trying to do it again lol
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Amazing!
@JeffSkymaster
@JeffSkymaster 2 месяца назад
One banana two bananas, Thanks Cal.Your videos are always cool! 73 KJ7JYJ
@ianxfs
@ianxfs 2 месяца назад
Not forgetting the all important double-D layer 😉
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Oh yes Ian!!!
@gwlong
@gwlong 2 месяца назад
Cool beans! 🙂
@brucecash3939
@brucecash3939 2 месяца назад
KI6LQE Nice video, well explained. New and old hams should find this informative. Can you do a video on hop (skip) and the average distance one might get and more importantly once the signal lands what size area in can I be heard, 100 square miles, couple of square miles or? I am most interested in what the coverage is once the signal reflects back down. Thanks for all the information you provided to us fellow ham operators.
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
The "landing" zone can be huge.. I'll add it to the list.
@VeteranInThePhilippines-uy6uc
@VeteranInThePhilippines-uy6uc Месяц назад
How far does a vertical antenna need to be away from metal objects like fences metal roofs etc
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ Месяц назад
Well.. everything affects everything BUT just use a bit of common sense. Normally, you don't notice to be honest.
@georgedakil3506
@georgedakil3506 Месяц назад
I am looking for the best antenna for my Eton 750 Radio?
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ Месяц назад
Huge topic.. However you can either use coax to the BNC connector with coax to a simple dipole or loop.. alternatively, there is the black and red push connectors where you could run a wire into these. Check out this video: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-5FF2ywlaZZU.html
@union310
@union310 2 месяца назад
Can you achieve results with sporadic e on a CB?
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Yes you can. I remember YEARS ago when I was nr Bristol having a contact to somewhere up north, near Manchester I think. At the time, I didn't know how that was happening. Quite amazing.
@union310
@union310 2 месяца назад
@@DXCommanderHQ I am in Carlisle and randomly pick up a very faint voice. I put the aerial up a month or so ago and realised just how little it is used so booked in online for a test and a course. In anticipation of passing I have a xiegu g90 sat. Really enjoying the research and learning. Thank you for the reply.
@philsimprezawrx
@philsimprezawrx 2 месяца назад
👍👍👍👍👍👍🫶👍👍👍👍👍👍
@Dennis-sb7gp
@Dennis-sb7gp 2 месяца назад
YOU FUNNY
@TheKomunyaka
@TheKomunyaka 2 месяца назад
I was just wondering if this Japanese guy could hear you?
@DXCommanderHQ
@DXCommanderHQ 2 месяца назад
Yes, we had a contact. It was on the live-stream.
@paulwynneroberts1731
@paulwynneroberts1731 2 месяца назад
Very interesting Callum Much appreciated, 2W0IEP 73
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