RC Quick Tip - PWM, PPM, CPPM, S-BUS and Sat. explained for beginners 

This cleared up so much ambiguity around all of these protocols. Thank you for the clear walk through!!

This and your other videos have been brilliant, saved me a fortune. Just coming back to RC after an 8 or 10 year break and am pleased to see that most of my kit, Spektrum DX8 and a handful of Orange 615X receivers, is still pretty current. All I really need to do is upgrade the FCs (Using some of your recommendations from another video) Plus, all clearly delivered with a perfect balance of detail and zero waffles. No name, no pack drill but some of the info videos can be 20 minutes long and almost devoid of intelligible information.

Thank you for a clear, well laid out explanation. I'm coming from the old 72MHz world and have a lot to learn! Trying to head toward a micro DLG.

If you and Techmoan got together, you could rule the world! Excellent video.Thank you!

I picked up a racing FPV quad at a swapmeet this past weekend. I've only been a fixed-wing RCer so far, and am quite illiterate on non-PWM technology. This video was very informative and has helped me begin to crack the code for flying aircraft with flight controllers. Thanks!

This is a great video, very informative. I had to go back and re watch it again due to my current circumstance with my radio. I have one of those Orange Rx with satellite, works great actually.

Excellently explained - many thanks - I am now a little more out of the dark on this subject!

nice job of covering the p's and q's of ppm, pwm, and all that other stuffs.

Clear explanation. Make me understand all protocols within 15 minutes, thanks.

Man I have been in the hobby for a while and this video has answered question I had for years. Great Videos.

you have no idea how much you have helped me, it is crazy how much i have learned in the past couple weeks

Yet another great video.... Thank you for this and indeed all the other videos you produce! I actually thought S-Bus and PPM were the same! Lol.... I'm fitting a MFD AutoPilot to my plane and now know I need a new receiver! I also need to update ALL of my receivers and my FrSky TX to the LBT firmware! I know that's gonna be a task!

im new for those devices understood function of each devices after watched this video.great video sir....

Very nice and simple (basic) explanation ! Thanks !

Magical! Cristal clear, everythings from this tech vocable used about RC is now accessible to my hurt bain.... Hey, doc: you just killed the headache, THANK YOU !

THANK YOU for clearing up my issues and understanding what just happened after I purchased a "Radian" with AS3X which is great..but I have a Taranis X9 lite, so that had me thinking then and now realize these will not bind . I was bummed yet this was all due to me not understanding some of the new RC world. So either a Spectrum Transmitter so we can fly as is. OR take out AS3X and pop in a frsky, trying to get a frsky that might simulate the AS3X now, more to learn :)

great video! finally one comprehensive video about the subject! your videos are awesome!

Just returning to the hobby after a long break. How things have changed! These videos are great, well presented and crystal clear. Great content.

I have a cc3d equipped arf Realacc GX210 with an included eight wire receiver signal connector. However, it has an atypical configuration and I have not been successful in my attempts to understand it. You are my go-to man for resolving problems as I learn my way along this hobbie. I posted a pic for your review at your google+ acct " welcome to the cc3d series." Hope you will take a look and a big thanks for all the effort you have put into making the library of videos that serve as priceless instructions in a hobby notorious for its Chinese manufacturing and, therefore, nearly useless instructions.

Excellent video, clearly and painlessly explained. Thanks very much.

today is 8-28-2017 great video produced in 2015 this video will explain every question you have about basic receiver protocol a very well explained video still relevant

Awesome video! you're the worlds teacher! I'm learning a lot.

Clear and concise. Thank you!

Thx, very simple and great understandable information, very gratefull there are guys like you out there who can clearify Things like these, i'm a spektrum user so it's gonna be a easy setup next time:-)

Excellent video! Everything explained.Especially for s.o. (like me...) who is new to the hobby. I wish I had seen it a few months earlier...

!!!!just perfect!!! clear to learn and understand

Fantastic. Thank you very much. Happy flying. Not that our weather is very great 😬

Thanks very much for this, it's exactly what I was looking for being completely new to RC.

Thanks for sharing, that's really helped me.

Very useful - just the info I needed!

Thank you for a great explanation.

A+ explanation , thanks heaps :) I know understand the differences!

Excellent explanation - thanks!

Very much information! Thanks mate, keep up this good work, i love it!!

Excellent video!!!! Learnt a lot in 15 mins!!!

Excellent! Thank you once again!

Thank you!! This was super useful.

Nice! Thanks! saved me a lot of heartburn and brain damage

Excellent video tutorials!

Great insight for early FPV quad flyer learning options like me

Once again, thank you for the time that you take to share such informative videos. I've been flying rc helicopters and planes for nearly 4 years and, thanks to this video, I now know the difference between PWM and PPM. I use all Spektrum gear, so the SBUS isn't very much use to me but the rest of the info was invaluable. Thanks very much!!!

Very informative video u made tht we can learn from. It really removed my doubt while I m going to to buy all drone parts , bt don't understand th wiring diagram from RX to FC. Thanks indeed for ths video . :-D

thx, you helped me solving a oroblem with this video

Thank you for your video!

Very informative. thanks!

Excellent content. Thank you.

thanks so much, you have solved so many of my problems

Thank you for this video 😀

I am new to this PPM, and S-Bus. Great entry-level introduction to the three methods of sending signals... So, as for the satellite receiver method... I can use just the satellite RX, plugged into the flight controller. No other receiver is required? This makes sense of what I did (following another tip) when I used a JETI duplex system to operate a DSM2 aircraft. I used what they call a "bridge box" with an "Orange DIY TX module, connected to the PPM output of the JETI RX. The JETI transmitter I use to control my DSM2 devices are now possible with this rig. In short, your video did an excellent job of explaining how PPM output sends all the different control channels to the DSM2 DIY module! Thanks!!

Thank you. Very helpful.

Great video!

great work man.. thanks for covering all the grey areas i had about this subject. You Are the man!

THANK YOU!! This is great information and well presented. :-)

thanks , nice explanation

Great informational video.

I'm fairly new to all this, been using naze32 rev6 w/FrSky X4R Receiver. if i'm not mistaken, PPM mode holds up to 8 channels, 4 of them for throttle, pitch, yaw, roll, leaving 4 left for things like Arm, Flight mode, Alt Hold. leaving only one channel left. SBus, on the other hand, allows up to 16 channels if i'm not mistaken. now i have channels open for readouts, GPS functions (i.e. position hold, return to home), switch to turn LED's ON or OFF. and more. I felt that this was not given a big enough + over PWM & PPM modes. Russ from Coral Springs, Fl, USA

thanx, that cleared things up for me, good vid :)

Very clear explanation.

Your channel keeps popping up in my searches - and your content is good. Subscribe well and truly earnt.

At 4:42 I finally see how to connect single wire connectors to the RX. I watched your video on unboxing the ZOHD Orbit but you didn't show how to connect the stabilizer to the RX. The Orbit is the first of my 8 planes that has with single wire connectors.

PPM I always loved a single point of failure :)

very helpful!

Thanks, thats was usefull!

Thank you very much for the explanation on PPM, i cut five wires down to one!

This was very helpful in learning wich protocol to use with my flysky transmitter although i am using the ia6b receiver I keep losing signial and am thinking of upgrading to a better radio system have had three crashes on the FS-I6X system

Very helpful video thanks

Great! Good info video sir! I'm sure that will be helpfull to a lot of people :) Cheers and thanks for sharing

Just ordered my first FPVCC3D

Thanks for this. A lot of people forget that their are new people getting into the hobby and never go over the basics.

cool info

Great video. I have a few questions, however. 1.) If I'm setting up a fixed wing aircraft for use with an OrangeRX TX10i 10-channel transmitter, how do I determine the right receiver to use (between SBUS and CPPM)? 2.) If I only anticipate needing, say, 6 channels initially for servos, etc., can I use a receiver that has 9-channels? The reason I ask is, I may want to add an FPV setup down the line and this would require the use of one or more additional channels. 3.) You referenced the "flight controller" in the video, but I wasn't sure if this was for multi-rotor aircraft. Unless I'm mistaken, a typical fixed wing setup goes from battery to ESC to receiver to outputs (servos). Am I wrong in thinking that there is no flight controller with this type of application? Sorry for so many questions. I hope they all make sense. Keep up the great work!

Cooool it's really helpfull

Thank you very much 🙏🙏

great vid.

Also my quad is equipped with the naze32 rev6 flight controller. All of the electronics on the squad are built-in till one circuit board. So basically if one of the ESC's go bad all of them are bad because you cannot replace just one because it is built in

Great explanation for the technologies. Thank you! But I tend to like the redundancy of PWM and individual cables especially for multirotor. if one would loose their yaw due to weak cable, as an example, one could still navigate their craft home on the remaining controls. If this was PPM, or any other one-wire option above, you'd loose all control and be screwed. I'm all about redundancy, especially if you have $1500 in the air, even if it means dealing with a few extra wires.

Loving the videos, now starting from scratch and finding the number of choices and options quite overwhelming. I want to build a utility drone, with fpv, ability to add on gimbal camera and gps in the future. I enjoy the building of things as much as the usage, can you recommend a kit list for a simple but expandable utility drone?

Nice. Thanks

The best Video in RC

Hi thanks for a timely lesson; I have just got back into this magic hobby and a steep learning curve; I am building a tricopter and chose the ET vector FC I have a Sperktrum DX6 and bought a SPMAR 7700 Rx which has a satellite; you say connect the satellite to the FC what about the main Rx does it also connect and howI have been flying fixed wing trainers on PWM all very enjoyable Thanks for your time Adrian

Great video, thanks a lot for what you are doing, it is amazing. Anyway I have one question concerning the antenas. Im building a quad and I want to use Orange R615X reciever, but it seems that the antenas are pretty short. But as far as I have seen there are usually two long antenas coming from the reciever covered by some straw sticking up the frame of the quad in all the pictures and videos of racing quads. Would those two little antenas on R615X be good enough for normal FPV flying? Isnt there gonna be any disturbance by a composite frame or other electronics? Thanks for your answer and time in advance.

cheers mate, for your video on controller, i brought a F450 drone, never again buy a copy, the receiver is radiolink T8FB, R8EF, and the flight controller is a Thuner QQ, where i brought the drone for, did not have a clue, many thanks

As soon as you told me I had a PWM transmitter from the Hitec Aurora 9x manual, I searched "Differences between PWM and SBus." ...and of course the first result that shows up is this video. Thanks again, Lee! (I'm sure this won't be the last time I say this). I now understand the physical differences of the various types, but I was wondering if you can shed light on what is better in terms of "speed", I guess? Because the signals in a PWM system have individual wires to talk along, would this make transmission time easier, thus faster than say a SBus system? ...or perhaps more stable?

Wish i has seen this video years ago. -all the struggle with Sbus, Spektrum protocols in Inav & BF and orange and original SP DSM2&DSMX recivers

This was really helpful, what i want to be clear more on the sbus, when using using the sbus mode can you plug servos to the pwm channels on the receiver like the ppm?

First off, great video. In the video it is mentioned that some people do not prefer DSM technology. Why is this the case and if so, what are the alternatives? From what I can find it seems that DSM is easy to find transmitters and receivers for, while all the others seems to be specific to a certain company so you are locked into that brand.

thks for taking your own time for beginners like me !,,i`ve watch most of yours vids and you got me so hooked up that next summer i`m planning to built my own 800mm to 900mm size octocopter, i` ve bought most of the materials i need to build it ,3mm carbon fiber sheets, tubes ect. (but for electronics) i`m panning to buy a taranis x9d and with your advices ,,frsky x8r or trs8sb receiver,frsky gps v2, variometer sensor,telemetry ,fvp ,lights ect (well equipped) what would be the best match for me, sbus,ppm, or pwm thks for tour advice,,,,,

Hi, thanks for top information of your videos, especially about naze32. Please, Can you tell me how I connect a naze32 with S.BUS, miniMOSD and GPS? Or do I nead a CPPM-solution? But I would like to use the S.BUS. Thanks a lot. Greetings.

Very useful as always! I am swapping my sat rx for an R620X (poor signal on sat) .. the sat was connected via serial (as per your video on how to solder this into the naze board). Now I take it I will have to disable serial, enable ppm (CLI) but where does the servo lead connect to on the naze? Can I hook this to the either pin 6, 7 or 8 where my esc servo leads plug into (pins 1-4) ? Any free port on that should work, right? BEC supplies +5V on pin 5 already, so this should be as easy as that?

Great video! My only question is: do you know the low-level details of how to implement the S-BUS or Sat Rx protocols? I've written an Arduino code that outputs jitter-free PPM signals perfectly, and is being used by a PhD student to have a computer fly a drone in a lab, and the Arduino Servo library does PWM, but I don't yet know how to implement the other 2 protocols.

Great video. I am currently flying Naze32 with Spektrum Satellite. I have an SP3 board on the way and can not find the wiring information I need to do for the Spektrum Satellite only. I can use a receiver but like the satellite only on my Naze.

Thanks very much for your very informative video. I should like to ask if I have an OrangeRx receiver on my plane, then it needs a separate power source ? For example a 4 AA batteries ?

I am building a 250-class racing quad and have a CC3D that I am trying out for the first time, so your explanation of a Sat receiver is very timely. Now I'm contemplating an orange PWM receiver vs. a sat receiver (my radio is a DX6). It seems to me that the Sat receiver connected directly to the CC3D is a much cleaner/lighter way to go. Are there any limitations to the Sat receiver vs the orange PWM receiver in terms of range, signal reception, or other that I need to be concerned about? Keep up the great work. Your lessons are invaluable!

ty!!!

Hi, at the PPM explanation you say that the leftover channelpins can also be used for e.g lights, gear etc. Does that also works with the S-Bus receivers? Great video series by the way, I look at them frequently, whenever I forgot something about the subject.

Thank you for your vids, iv watched a few today to get to grips with the different signals and you are an excellent teacher so big Thank you. I do have a quick question though. I bought a relay with a 5v coil and it’s signal wire uses voltage instead of the ms bursts.. basically when the voltage between signal and ground get over 2.7 it energises a coil. I currently have a system using PWM, and wondered is there a way to change how the receiver uses its signal cable so it uses variable voltage rather than the ms pulses?

Thanks for the video! I was wondering, if I connect a servo cable (white,red,black) horizontally across the signal pins on both the flight controller and receiver, is it safe to do? I tried this just now with a FrSky X8R to an APM 2.6 and was able to do the transmitter calibration. I just want to be certain that I don't fry anything :)

Nice video Lee, Cleared it up for me. Do you know how you bind the Sat rx directly with out a main Rx. I understand you can do this with the Naze32. Have you done a video of this, Would be grateful for the info? Regards Garry

Good day and a Merry Christmas. Awesome videos you have made. Just getting back into RC airplanes and still using my 30 plus years old equipment, Airtronics with RX 92262 72 band and another system that is Cirrus 900-xlc. So my question is, will any of the flight controllers or stabilizers systems connect to these units. TX has 6 plus controls, Oh also using glow engines if that has any impact? Thanks in advance Lee.

Hi, thank you for a very informative and enjoyable series. Do you know if the Turnigy I-BUS system is compatible/supported with the NAZE32?. Using a FlySky FS-iA6B receiver with CPPM and I-BUS outputs. Thank You