Reporting Verbs in Academic Writing 

Reporting verbs are used when citing other writers' work or ideas. Examples of reporting verbs are 'state', 'argue', 'discuss' and 'report'. They have differences in meaning, strength and grammar usage. The video also shows examples in an authentic academic text.
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00:00 Intro and definition
01:37 Meaning of reporting verbs
03:32 Strength of reporting verbs
05:49 Grammar of reporting verbs
09:10 According to + end of sentence citations
10:17 Reporting verbs in an authentic text
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Reporting verbs, also called referring verbs, are commonly used in academic writing to cite (or 'refer to') other people's writing. The most common reporting verb is 'state', which is neutral in meaning. The verbs 'comment', 'note' and 'remark' have the same general meaning as 'state' but are weaker in meaning, while 'assert', which also has the same general meaning, is much stronger. There are also verbs which mean 'agree' (e.g. 'concede' - weak, 'echo' - neutral, 'concur' - strong), verbs which mean 'disagree' (e.g. 'question' - weak, 'doubt' - neutral, 'disapprove' - strong), others to show accusation (e.g. 'accuse', 'blame' - both strong), verbs which mean 'believe', 'discuss', 'emphasise', 'examine', and so on.
Reporting verbs can be used in either the present or past tense. Many are followed by a 'that' clause, though some have special usage, e.g. 'accuse sb of sth', 'compare sth to sth', 'disapprove of sth', and 'define sth as sth'.
The video also shows how the phrase 'According to' is used, how to use end-of-sentence citations, and takes a text from the Journal of English for Academic Purposes to show how reporting verbs are used in authentic academic text.
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Journal of English for Academic Purposes text is available here:
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
Word cloud for meaning of reporting verb uses the generator on the Jason Davies website:
www.jasondavies.com/wordcloud/