Those last two minutes cleared up a huge misconception I had in my understanding of Immunology. It was a huge lightbulb moment. I'd been taught that the 1st signal induced the expression of co-stimulatory molecules on the APC. This makes so much sense. Thank you for the discovery!
It have been more than 20 years that Janeway and Medzhitov proposed it, and there is still biologist in universities explaining things that do not make sense... T cells would never go to anergy if the TCR + (MHC II + self-antigen) [signal 1] was the one to generate BH7 expression [signal 2]. Of course, T cells do not know if the antigen they are binding to is self or not without PRRs from APCs 🙂 Thanks Ruslan!
Is the leucine component of TLR not random? For some TLRs, asparganine is not random either. The textbook "Cellular and Molecular Immunology" gives the sequence LxxN, where L is Leucine and N is asparganine. Also, what secondary structures make up TLR? Alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets are not random. There are geometrical restrictions to which amino acids can form the main two secondary structures.
Can Dr. Ruslan elaborate in a new talk as to the origin of autoimmune response?...in terms of involvement of signal 1 or 2...and also toll like receptors...
