very keen observation. I wonder, if she ever noticed that herself. I have a hard enough time following her to the point of getting the drift, but what mind can actually come up with the solutions, let alone understanding the problem?
I believe that when a cell is engineered to produce a "foreign" protein, the end product might be different from the intended peptide or protein, if the enzyme to cleave the signal peptide is not present in the endoplasmic reticulum of that cell. What a powerful tool, have been found, let's hope that it will be used for healing people! Congrats to all involved in this major breakthrough!
+YawnGod haha i saw that, also im pretty sure that Cas9 is toxic to Chlamydomonas and theyre searching for other effectors? Not sure if it should be listed here haha
Thanks for very nice and well demonstrated video lecture on CRSIPR Cas-9 mechanism and its novel applications. Once a Bacterium is infected by a Bacteriophage, what type of enzymes cleave the viral genome within bacterium, to be remembered by Bacterial genome for recognition in future by CRISPR-Cas9 complex. I mean a detailed mechanism of Adaptive immune system adapted by Bacteria.
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At 7:40 would be better to have used an acrylamide gel to resolve short DNA fragments, rather than an agarose gel. Bands would be razor sharp not fuzzy.
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services ......
Francis Mojica described the DNA sequence in Crispr, identified that it is coming from a virus (bacteriophage). He hypothesized that it might be part of adaptive immune system in bacterias. Whereas Emmanouelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna invented Crispr-cas9 system in the lab revolutionizing gene editing.
This is the best explanation I've seen of the Crispr approach to genetic engineering. I thought her talk was very understandable (i.e. without lots of mumbo jumbo jargon) and much better at answering some of the numerous questionsI had after reading various articles about the technique. I particularly liked that it was well grounded in the basic biology of organisms and clearly built upon other research, as well. Good going, and thank you.
In 50 or 100 years...our descendants may look back and identify this as the point when man really took control of the genome. On a par with control of fire and domestication of animals and plants.
May not even take that long. Check this partnership announcement around IBM Watson for Genomics & Illumina : www.illumina.com/company/news-center/press-releases/press-release-details.html?newsid=2234854 "By adding Watson for Genomics to Illumina’s next-generation sequencing platform, researchers who use Illumina’s cancer genome sequencing panel will have rapid access to information to help interpret the broad array of variant data produced by TruSight Tumor 170. Illumina’s TruSight® Tumor 170 is a solid tumor profiling panel designed to detect a comprehensive set of variants across 170 genes. In a matter of minutes, Watson for Genomics will read the genetic alteration files produced by TruSight Tumor 170, comb professional guidelines, medical literature, clinical trials compendia, and other sources of knowledge to provide information for each genomic alteration, and produce a report for use by researchers -- a process that typically takes scientists more than one week to complete. Watson for Genomics ingests data from approximately 10,000 scientific articles and 100 new clinical trials every month."
She doesn't really even try to explain how Homologous Recombination actually puts in the donor DNA, she should be well knowledged in that based on her experience.
This is a great discovery. I wrote a specific aims page and actually used the CRISPR Cas 9 system. Its humbling to know I can interact with the minds behind the discovery of this technology... Its simple, specific and profound.
EDUARDO12348 Yeah, thats the one I watched. I am a biengineering students, and pretty involved in biotech, so I was surprised to have missed that talk. It was an old talk though, and biotech right now is moving forward sooo fast that I always look for vids no older than a year, maybe that is why I missed it. Good talk though, he knows what he is talking about.
*overthinking ahead...* Well, first, you would need to find out what causes aging on the molecular level, then you would need to find a way to mitigate these processes. Since the law of entropy states that total entropy in a system must increase, you would have to find a way to decrease the entropy of the living systems of your cells while expending energy to do so. The first law of thermodynamics also predicts a loss of useful energy in any case, so you would need a way to continually renew this hypothetical regeneration system...but that system must be renewed...that would repeat ad infinitum.
*overthinking ahead...* Well, first, you would need to find out what causes aging on the molecular level, then you would need to find a way to mitigate these processes. Since the law of entropy states that total entropy in a system must increase, you would have to find a way to decrease the entropy of the living systems of your cells while expending energy to do so. The first law of thermodynamics also predicts a loss of useful energy in any case, so you would need a way to continually renew this hypothetical regeneration system...but that system must be renewed...that would repeat ad infinitum.
I don't understand the PAM sequence. I assume there isn't necessarily a PAM seq where we want to cut the strand. but it's required for the cleavage to happen...how???
An NGG (any letter, GG PAM) sequence directly following your protospacer is a secondary measure to make sure the Cas9 is cutting in the right spot. There may be another 20 base sequence in the genome thats similar to where you want to target but the PAM with its specific (any letter)GG will make sure the cas9 only cuts at the targeted one.
Cpf1 was first discovered in Prevotella i think. It naturally only needs one piece of RNA to recognise its target DNA. Moreover the Cpf1 enzyme is smaller than the CAS9 and it creats sticky ends rather than blunt ends when cutting the DNA, which makes ligation of new DNA easier.
Well it uses the incorporated viral DNA in between the bacteria's palindromic dna sequence which when transcribed in rna guides the Cas9 to the newly injected viral DNA which is cleaved
Does anybody know if i can study in the field of human gene therapy if i choose Biotechnology as a major this year? if not, do you have a better idea? i live already in germany
The first real cut and paste tool for our "software". Let's hope "genome software developers" don't create nastier bugs when trying to solve "old bugs". Debugging tools for this type of coding will create many moral problems. Responsible "developers" are hard to find. Hopefully the complexity of the "whole system" will prevent "small inconvenient bugs" from creating drastic consequences.
+Vítor Antão "Responsible "developers" are hard to find." Then you haven´t been looking at all. It´s sad when grown men get there notion of "evil scientists" from browsing random cartoons.
Tobias Kindervall i certainly agree most scientists only have good intentions.. but, governments will PAY good money for what they want, and the world evolves around greed unfortunately. So, dangers are very possible. Let's hope not
Perhaps it irresponsible developers won't be a threat because I would imagine that this type of knowledge and the tools to carry out genetic engineering would need licensed professionals who go through a certain amount of schooling. Similar how you don't see brain surgeons messing up with people's brains purposefully during surgery, a genetic engineer wouldn't great genetic "software bugs". Or I could be totally wrong, I'm no fortune teller haha.
Or cure Malaria which the CDC says "In 2015 an estimated 214 million cases of malaria occurred worldwide and 438,000 people died, mostly children in the African Region."
+Michael Usher intl we are sent back a couple decades and have no grid and 80s programmed computers because we bombed one another. I wish we could kill tv's and only allow peer to peer communication.
I have to perform CRISPR technology in my project and I have found that this video has explained CRISPR beautifully! Thank you for your time in creating and uploading this.
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services
Quiero ser curado pronto del VIH no quiero tener q esperar años y años q pronto salga crisper-9 para poder curarme de esta enfermedad tan Estigmatizante 😢quiero. Crisper-9 pronto 🫂🔬🧬💉🌎🙏🏻🥂
STAGE next ABOVE: "Field operation 'division'", from Allopathy, whether Gene Trigger Engineering or Engineer is autonomous professionalism or subordinations of Allopathy is questionable. As there's an independent quality of classifying diseases are inbuilt in GeneOpathy quantity of classifying diseases can be taken into account in Gene Cut Evolution based on its evaluation by future💰✊ Perhaps, the Congressmen may carelessly pass a half baked medical bill that they're DNA Trigger Engineers can't be treated as physicians should obey Allopathy doctors who'll provide a lab room in their hospitals' corner. Scope of an invention RESULTS in the FIELD OPERATION DIVISION ought to be BRIGHT
Marvelous presentation of a fascinating topic. I would vote for you to get the Nobel prize considering the massive importance of your discovery. Glad to see my old alma mater is nurturing such famous people. I studied there in Physiology and took Organic Chemistry with Melvin Calvin. I'm a retired doctor and doing animations of CRISP Cas9 in Cinema 4D. What an exciting field you are in and what great work! Thank you for what you have done.
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services ......
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services ...
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services
Well hang on things are just getting going, there are evil states like China and terrorists who will use this, maybe to make highly contagious Sars covid viruses.
If I had a choice I'm OK with aging and dying, it's a natural process for me because it's giving my body back to nature but I'm hoping this really helps the future generations like my great great grandchildren to live very long lives, free of disease. I hope it becomes a success!
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services ...
I couldn't focus.. once I noticed the sibilant "s" in her speech, it was like fingernails on blackboard.. Will try again later (after I forget to notice it).
Так, редагування геному - це прорив в інженерній генетиці, але які нас чекають віддалені наслідки втручання в геном ще невідомі. Можна тільки прогнозувати, що стійкість редагованих генів до впливу мутаційних факторів буде невеликою і ,як результат, будемо мати зростання злоякісних новоутворень. Значно перспективнішим і безпечнішим шляхом є пошук засобів збільшення експресії генів.
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services
Dos any body notice that she is discribing the process but not showing the scale of her find do u people notice the size of a DNA and she do not even explain how much of a pill well effect a person it like a person taking cocain how that little bit can effect and elephant
The plasmid has a known sequence. The CRISPR guide RNA is made with a sequence matching the known plasmid sequence. (let’s look at lane one; GFP1) The location is picked because of the GG, so it is somewhat but not completely arbitrary. The plasmid is incubated with GFP1 and a regular restriction endonuclease. The circular plasmid is now two pieces and the sizes, according to gel electrophoresis, match the expected sizes. The cut occurred where predicted. Is that right?
Just to put our culture in context.. some kid flipping a bottle on his kitchen countertop will get 500M views. Jennifer Doudna, co discoverer of a phenomenon that will change medicine forever gets 500K views. I am Investing heavily here, not in the bottle flipper !
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services ......
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services
Thankyou , I hope bio- medicine is capable of targeting specific chronic pain physical locations !!! Finally , the root of the problem source of pain relief may have been discovered ... Sign me up please
You observed that the CRISPR knock-out of protein X either promotes or represses RNA polymerase II transcription, depending on the gene. Which experiments would you carry out to reveal the mechanism for this differential activity?
"l o l" ... the woman who co-created-discovered the technology is more adept at describing it's functionality than many derivative videos I've seen on the net since. ... The Professor must be very proud that her work has ultimately led to the prospect of mRNA-vector Vaccines being able to end this terrible Pandemic very soon.
The Doudna lab's basic research was clearly instrumental to this technology, but I did laugh a bit at the slide presented at 12:30 (and 13:40)... it screams "give me a Nobel Prize!" it's so humble, and yet so passive aggressive. I love it. Nonetheless, it was a very informative presentation.
I realy can't understand how the gRNA binds to the cas9, I mean when have the CAS9 and the gRNA that we have just synthesized,which are both two separate macromolecules,what should we do to bind the two together properly .
I have a question. How do bacteria respond to the viruses (bacteriophages) that are infecting for the first time? Do bacteria use the same CRISPR-Cas9 system for it or they switch to other system, since there is not any viral sequence present in the CRISPR Sequence of bacteria.
8:45 “That show that cells have a way of repairing breaks in double stranded DNA that results in change of the genomic…” “Change in genomic…” is a sanitized way of saying “mutation” of which cancer is a subset of. What this says to me is that CAS molecules, if programmed to sever particular sequences have a certain degree of probability for severing unintended sequences in trillions of combinations of genetic codes found in chromosomes that are trillions of bits long. I understand that she is talking about smaller sequences found in bacteria, this is the same technology used to manufacture insulin from E. Coli and yeast cells in mass quantities. What are the chances that a CAS protein is inadvertently picked up by an unintended virus or bacteria causing mutation in those cells? What are the chances that a bacteria picks up a CAS protein and incorporates it into its genome to be used on other cells? 12:00 My first impression would be to take any proposed genome alteration and apply it to raw DNA in steps. The first step would be to introduce the CAS enzyme to the complete genome of the intended target and observe where breaks are made. If breaks occur in more locations including the targeted location, how would you proceed from there?
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services
If bacteria masters the ability to cope with virus then why not considering using this amazing capability with themselves. I mean lets use a bunch of specific probiotics so that these bacteria be able to get rid with the virus instead of biohacking the system?
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services ......
Hopefully the medical community will use this for the good of humanity. Currently I don't see that happening, as most mainstream medicine is a pill or a scalpel, as well as being for profit.
I know these research breakthroughs show us the potential for beneficial methods in medicine and health. But could this be used for biological warfare?
I hope not because she wasn't the inventor. She was one of the 3 scientists involved in the early developments of this technology, however, Feng Zhang was the inventor of CRISPR technology and the use of guide RNA, they're in legal dispute in September 2020. This has become highly politicized, in part thanks to the Nobel organization for rewarding the Nobel Prize to Doudna and the other scientist and intentionally overlooked Zhang.🙏
i didn;t understand this, is there a better video where they explain how it works step by step in a story with animation and less jargon? Plz send link
I wish I could say that’s the end of it because I haven't had any symptoms since then. Do not expose yourself to more danger, use a herbal remedy that is safe and effective. If interested contact him via email address dr.chalaherbalhome@gmail.com OR you can visit his website on drchalaherbalhome.godaddysites.com To know more about his product and services ......
