I have been trying to visualize this my entire life (in my 40's) and this finally did it for me. Thank you Sir, I very much appreciate what you have just clarifed for me 👍
I have a question: we have learned in chemistry class that ethanol is nonpolar because it is only made of C, H and O. But in real life we mix alcohol with water. How is that possible? (It may be a silly question since I'm only a high schooler haha)
That is actually an excellent question! I wish I could draw this out for you but I'll try to paint a picture with my words... If we look at the first 3 basic hydrocarbon chain molecules we have methane, ethane and propane. Methane has a single central carbon surrounded by 4 hydrogens, ethane has a 2 carbon backbone surrounded by 6 hydrogens and propane has a 3 carbon backbone surrounded by 8 hydrogens. With the carbons equally sharing their electrons, all 3 of these molecules are nonpolar. To make alcohols from these molecules, we replace one of the hydrogens with a hydroxyl or -OH group producing methanol, ethanol and propanol. The hydrogen in the hydroxyl group can donate its electron to the adjacent oxygen producing a net negative charge on the hydroxyl end of the molecule. So one side of an alcohol has a carbon chain that is considered non-polar and the hydroxyl end is slightly negative making this end somewhat polar. The length of the carbon chain will determine the dominate chemical behavior. For instance, methanol is considered polar since there is a single central carbon with the negatively charged hydroxyl group dominating the chemical behavior. Ethanol has a 2 carbon chain which would be nonpolar but the negatively charged hydroxyl group makes this end of the molecule polar and therefore, ethanol is considered to be a universal solvent dissolving both polar and nonpolar molecules. As such, ethanol will dissolve in water (hence the weekend cocktail which I know you're too young to be drinking at this point in space-time). Propanol has a 3 carbon central chain and is slightly more nonpolar then polar and this pattern continues as the central carbon chain becomes longer. Does that make sense?
@@DoctorKlioze Hello dr.I lost my sense of smell before 10 days now.I have no other symptoms.First two days i couldnt smell anyithing.I could taste salty,sweet and sour but taste is not as it was before.From third day till now strange things are happening.In the morning when i wake up i cant smell anyithing,after 5 minutes of walking i am starting to smell not 100% but around 60 to 70%.I can smell most of the stuff but i cant smell for example onions,garlic,gas,poo(sorry for writing this but..).At the evening when i lay down my smell starts to decrese to around 10 to 20%.After night my troath is extremly dry,my mouth is extremly dry and my tounge is white.I have clear nose it is not blocked .Im using nose spray few times a day when i inject it i cant feel that fluid going thro and into my troath so i can spit it out it stays somewhere up there i just cant clear out my nose with that fluid.After i eat a meal i cant really tell after that i ate at all.Feeling in the mouth is like i just washed my teeth and mouth.I cant feel that i ate anyithing..I dont know what to do i did not test on covid because it will be same for me if im positive or not.Sorry on my English im from Croatia..
When sodium ion is taken away by the negative oxygen ion and chlorine ion is taken away by the positive hydrogen ion how does salt retain its taste in water
Actually, that salty taste is mediated through epithelial sodium channels on the taste buds. Salt in our food dissolves in our mouth and the sodium ion flows through these channels causing the cell to depolarize sending a signal to our brains that we interpret as that familiar salty taste (if you want to see see a video on nerve depolarization and action potential, take a look at my video on Ivermectin and COVID-19 from minute 1:25 through 6:00) Bottom line- NaCl has to dissolve in our mouth for our tongues to detect that salty taste!
