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Secrets of the Fibonacci Tiles - 3B1B Summer of Math Exposition 

Eric Severson
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A simple problem about tiling will explain multiple patterns hidden in the Fibonacci sequence.
Music by Michael Severson / michaeljseverson .
Animations created using www.manim.community/.
Entry for the 3blue1brown summer of math exposition contest www.3blue1brown.com/blog/some1.
0:00 - Intro
3:39 - Identity 1: Partial Sums
5:19 - Identity 2: Pascal's Triangle
6:52 - Identity 3: Sum of Squares
9:01 - Summary

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7 июл 2024

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Комментарии : 247   
@adrielaiach
@adrielaiach 2 года назад
These jazz chords that complexify as the size of the samples increase is delightful.
@1999yasin
@1999yasin 2 года назад
Delightful, to say the least!
@jassi9022
@jassi9022 2 года назад
this whole 3b1b summer of math thing is just godsend. So many talented people
@carykh
@carykh 2 года назад
wow, that band-aid concept at 8:20 was so elegant!
@zihaoooi787
@zihaoooi787 2 года назад
commenting before this bows up
@stylextv
@stylextv 2 года назад
@@zihaoooi787 great idea!
@johnchessant3012
@johnchessant3012 2 года назад
omg another carykh sighting in the wild
@MaximQuantum
@MaximQuantum 2 года назад
@@zihaoooi787 lmao
@ericseverson5608
@ericseverson5608 2 года назад
Yes, seeing that proof was how I first heard about this interpretation of Fibonacci numbers, and was the original motivation for this video. Unfortunately can't remember where the original source I saw it was from.
@GrantSanderson
@GrantSanderson 2 года назад
Lovely video, thanks for making it!
@FineDesignVideos
@FineDesignVideos 2 года назад
There's a beautiful moment when you see a pattern click into place. And to have three such moments, each better than the last, in under 10 minutes (and then a 4th moment thanks to your bonus problem), that's a wonderful creation! ❤️
@AnonymousAnonymous-ht4cm
@AnonymousAnonymous-ht4cm 2 года назад
Packing in so many ah-ha moments is really impressive. Choosing the size 8 case really seemed to help make them easy to come up with.
@ivarangquist9184
@ivarangquist9184 2 года назад
Incredible video quality. Audio, animation, pacing, content, clearity - everything is just as perfected as a 3B1B video (or even better). A miracle is required for this not to win the challenge. Don't forget to like and subscribe.
@ericseverson5608
@ericseverson5608 2 года назад
Thank you so much!
@ddxaidan7969
@ddxaidan7969 2 года назад
@@ericseverson5608 it really is a brilliant video. As an engineer with background in music theory I appreciate this video on many levels! Marvelous creation. Hope you continue in this style! Earned a subscription from me.
@Friek555
@Friek555 2 года назад
Wow! I think this is the first "3b1b-inspired" video that really manages to match the quality of a 3blue1brown video. And that is the highest praise I can think of for a math video
@Bitlytic
@Bitlytic 2 года назад
Amazing video and great visuals that help show what you're explaining. I was worried this would be just another Fibonacci video that didn't really add anything, but this really did surprise me and teach me something I didn't know before. Please make more videos like this, as I will definitely watch them.
@patti873
@patti873 2 года назад
Your You can come
@johnchessant3012
@johnchessant3012 2 года назад
My own new Fibonacci identity: F(k) F(n-k) + F(k-1) F(n-k-1) = F(n) Great video!
@ericseverson5608
@ericseverson5608 2 года назад
Exactly! Which is immediate to come up with once you see these tiling arguments, but would be harder to notice otherwise.
@FedericoStra
@FedericoStra 2 года назад
@@ericseverson5608 I think it is actually much more straightforward to discover from the matrix form because it follows from A^n = A^k A^(n-k)
@FedericoStra
@FedericoStra 2 года назад
This way you can also find more involved formulas from A^(m+n+k) = A^m A^n A^k
@FedericoStra
@FedericoStra 2 года назад
Let me clarify: I'm not trying to take away from the video at all. The quality is astonishing and the visual combinatorial proof brilliant. Awesome production!
@codenamelambda
@codenamelambda 2 года назад
I made the mistake of watching this late at night, and the chimes really made it easy to fall asleep to. Now having watched it in full, it's really good! The aforementioned sound really does add something to the video too, by being linked to what's on screen. Great job!
@KazenoAUs
@KazenoAUs 2 года назад
I would’ve never drawn the connection between Fibonacci and Pascal’s triangle. That’s why math is so awesome
@lordtadhg
@lordtadhg 2 года назад
Everything about this is perfect. - Tying the mathematics to simple approachable structures, - content pacing, - prompting the viewer to analyze the situation themselves, - on point animations, - coordination with music, - including chapter markers and subtitles and timestamps in the description, - ending with open ended proposal for self investigation, you are a legend I really want to ask: Roughly how long did you spend making this? I know it is hard to quantify since stuff like prior experience with manim and time thinking about script are hard to stick a number to. The love and care you have poured into this really shows!
@ericseverson5608
@ericseverson5608 2 года назад
Way way too long, and it's pretty hard to give an accurate estimate. Maybe 40-60 hours? I was glad to have a contest that forced a deadline upon me. I'm also very much still learning Manim, so hoping that I can get a quicker workflow for future projects.
@78Mathius
@78Mathius 2 года назад
I love the sound in this video. The chimes helped keep me engaged. Also great content and great animation
@elijahberegovsky8957
@elijahberegovsky8957 2 года назад
Oh. My. God. This is a gem. I’ve no idea why I’ve never seen this before, but it’s utterly beautiful. Thank you for showing this to me!
@drorfrid
@drorfrid 2 года назад
Great video! As a hardcore math enthusiast myself, I have several comments: 1. The sum of F(n)/2^n over all natural n results in 1 (with an off by 1), and it can be explained with the tiles. Take a sequence of n zeros and ones. there are 2^n of them, but if only count those where there is no pair of consecutive 1's, you get F(n), because each 1 can be paired with the 0 after it to create a domino. Now, take a random infinite sequance of 0's and 1's. What is the probability that it has two consecutive 1's? on one hand, it's 1. on the other hand, It's the sum of all probabilities that until the n-th place, there is no pair of consecutive 1's, and then there is a pair: and that probabily, as we showed, is F(n)/2^n. 2. There are loads, LOADS, more patternces of the fibonacci sequence. There are even more ways to visualize it. Here is a collection of a lot of them, that starts with basics definitions and formulas and then moves on to several differnet areas (such as combinatocis, number theory, generating functions and even trigonometry): drive.google.com/file/d/10k1zDLuCJvotjizy2jrB7KCoA6jOnW2L (I'm sorry it's in hebrew, but google translate can help.) 3. It's a common mistake, but the indices are wrong. The number of ways to tile a strip of length n is F(n+1). It makes way more sense to define f0 = 0, f1 = 1. Then the explicit formula will be simpler, and a lot of number theoretic things will make way more sense. For example, gcd(F(n), F(m)) = F(gcd(m, n)).
@ericseverson5608
@ericseverson5608 2 года назад
3. One reason I like f0 = 1, f1 = 1 as the choice of indexing, beyond it directly being this tiling problem, is that it gives you a simpler generating function f(x) = 1 / (1-x-x^2) = 1 + x + 2x^2 + 3x^3 + 5x^4 + ... Indexing it the other way gives a generating function f(x) = (1+x) / (1-x-x^2) 1. Ooh that is nice. The indexing is a little messy here, though. The bijection to domino tilings replacing dominos by substring 10 will miss all the strings that end in a 1. But then that makes the probability easier to count, since the probability of the first 11 appearing in positions (n+1) and (n+2) will be the probability the first n have no 11 and don't end in a 1 (which is f(n) the tiling number, or F(n+1) under your indexing) times 1/4 that the last two characters are 11. So this ends up giving the sum 1/4 + 1/8 + 2/16 + 3/32 + 5/64 +... = 1.
@gonengazit
@gonengazit 2 года назад
The music and sound design here is amazing!
@larsscheele9914
@larsscheele9914 2 года назад
Mind blown. The first part was fairly trivial and known, but these "geometric" proofs of identities are just awesome! Love it!
@FreestateofOkondor
@FreestateofOkondor 2 года назад
That resolution to the tonic at 2:41 is nothing short of magical!
@Mnnvint
@Mnnvint 2 года назад
I love that more people are using Manim to create math videos.
@ShefsofProblemSolving
@ShefsofProblemSolving 2 года назад
This was absolutely beautiful. You made one of the best videos I've seen in this competition It's so cool how you find the connection to different Fibonacci sequence properties and this very visual problem.
@Wecoc1
@Wecoc1 2 года назад
Another hidden gem that flourishes up recently. Glad to see this.
@eliyasne9695
@eliyasne9695 2 года назад
That's one of the best first video's I've ever seen for any newborn chanel. Absolutely delightful!
@MichaelRothwell1
@MichaelRothwell1 2 года назад
Beautiful! I recently "discovered" the sum of squares pattern myself, and an algebraic proof, but this visual proof just blew my mind! Well done!
@petergilliam4005
@petergilliam4005 2 года назад
VERY few things in life please me more than a good recursion problem. Thank you for introducing this into my life!
@bitzero000
@bitzero000 2 года назад
I've been getting math videos in my feed and this is the best one. the concept was excellent for a video and the pacing was perfect
@smileyp4535
@smileyp4535 2 года назад
Videos that show the visuals of math are soooo helpful in understanding and literally even make it fun. Fun fact: the Greeks were so good at math because they studied geometry. They used that for math and while it only goes so far, geometric math is basically almost all math, or basically almost all of math can be represented geometrically, which is how they came up with so many formulas and discovered pi
@koenth2359
@koenth2359 2 года назад
All very nice and elegant! I have played a lot with stuff like this and have seen many videos, this vid still gives me something new! Proud to be your 125th subscriber.
@biswajitmohanty8532
@biswajitmohanty8532 2 года назад
Man, The quality of this video is astounding, Please keep making videos
@pengin6035
@pengin6035 2 года назад
Lovely video! This could be generalized to count the number of ways to cover a 1*n block with blocks of length 1 to length k. This gives the recurrence relation F(n+1) = F(n) + ... + F(n-k+1), where F(1) = 1, F(2) = 2, ... , F(k) = 2^(k-1). For k=3, this gives the Tribonacci-sequence and in general maybe something like a "k-bonacci" sequence?
@ericseverson5608
@ericseverson5608 2 года назад
Correct! You can go even further, adding multiple different colors of the same size tile, which will give you any linear recurrence F(n) = a_1F(n-1) + a_2F(n-2) + ... + a_kF(n-k). The corresponding tiling problem will then have generating function f(x) = 1 / (1 - a_1*x - a_2*x^2 - ... - a_k*x^k).
@chrisg3030
@chrisg3030 Год назад
Can we generalize beyond the k-bonacci sequence by recognizing that x^2 - x^1 = 1 is to the Fibonacci using dominoes and single squares (2 and 1), as x^3 - x^2 - x^1 = 1 is to the tribonacci using trominoes, dominoes, and singles (3, 2, and 1), and for example as x^3 - x^1 = 1 is to Narayana's Cows (OEIS A000930) using trominoes and singles (3,1), with the recurrence relation N(n) = N(n-1) + N(n-3)?
@entitypolyhedron
@entitypolyhedron 2 года назад
wow i love the jazzy sound effects you added, its making this math fun
@Mihau_desu
@Mihau_desu 2 года назад
This is cool! I found already knew all these identities and their inductive proofs, but I never thought about looking at them visually. Surprisingly it was quite easy to figure out and the visual proofs are much simpler than the algebraic ones. I took me like maybe 30 seconds of thinking at most for each of the problems, but they were still quite nice and would probably work well as warm up problems. I found the video to be quite well made in general and I especially appreciate the encouragement to pause and ponder throughout the course of the video. I hope you can continue to love math and express it through videos in the future!
@DeclanMBrennan
@DeclanMBrennan 2 года назад
Absolutely beautiful.
@oriyadid
@oriyadid 2 года назад
this video is a gem. so happy I found this channel
@huhneat1076
@huhneat1076 2 года назад
The music here is just great, thank you for making my ears happy as well as my brain
@sensunny
@sensunny 2 года назад
While doing my master thesis in the field of mathematical physics, I worked a lot with a type of mathematical object called combinatoric functions, which is the solution of any linear and homogeneous recurrence equation. What does amaze me is that your video is exactly the visual representation of the combinatoric function for the Fibonacci equation. Good job.
@ericseverson5608
@ericseverson5608 2 года назад
This construction also generalizes to any linear homegeneous recurrence relation with integer coefficients (different sizes and colors of tiles)
@austinisawesome2066
@austinisawesome2066 2 года назад
This video is beautiful. The music makes my brain happy since it relates objects and pitches
@kmjohnny
@kmjohnny 7 месяцев назад
Excellent visual and logical explanation to the problem. Really gave me a wow moment even in the second half of the video.
@1996Pinocchio
@1996Pinocchio 2 года назад
This is beautiful!
@oncedidactic
@oncedidactic 2 года назад
the music is such a great addition to this, nice! mr. rogers meets 3B1B :D :D
@lucmar6867
@lucmar6867 2 года назад
Great video and visuals! The idea is intuitive and simplistic, yet powerful and elegant
@apophenic_
@apophenic_ Год назад
This is incredible. Thank you.
@esquilax5563
@esquilax5563 2 года назад
Very nicely done!
@mtwoh
@mtwoh Год назад
Fantastic ! Many thanks.
@danielhader4063
@danielhader4063 2 года назад
This was fantastic!
@WhatDaHeckIsThat
@WhatDaHeckIsThat 2 года назад
It's so cool that someone else came upon this! I actually found it when i was asking the question of how many possible games of Street Fighter there were, and simplified down to the blocks representing the lengths of different moves.
@ericseverson5608
@ericseverson5608 Год назад
Similar blocks in ancient Indian poetry seem to be the first historical discovery of this (see twitter.com/stevenstrogatz/status/1080623259593465856?lang=en)
@shinta69140
@shinta69140 2 года назад
There's a fourth beautiful identity ! If you take the partial sum of the square of Fibonacci séquence, you can obtain the area of a rectangle made of two consecutive number of the séquence. Congratulation for thé vidéo ! Very beautiful approach. J³
@dariolucisano9243
@dariolucisano9243 24 дня назад
Beautiful video. Structure and music are simple and support the math so well... and reflect the elegance of the math. Thanks!
@kaanbilge5779
@kaanbilge5779 2 года назад
Amazing video! Thanks for the shocking proofs and the well animated visuals.
@MysticJabulon
@MysticJabulon 2 года назад
This is making me so jealous. :-) I'm teaching math in college, and thanks to the pandemic went to produce explainers for the stuff in my courses, only to discover that I suck at it. I just wished I had your talent, determination, and/or skill, or whatever this is. Wonderful video, thanks for sharing it.
@giabao576
@giabao576 2 года назад
this is beautiful
@brandonmack111
@brandonmack111 2 года назад
I saw these patterns and immediately thought of the fractal pattern of binary numbers - which makes sense, because it can be formed in a very similar fashion. Cool video, thanks for sharing!
@NoNTr1v1aL
@NoNTr1v1aL Год назад
Absolutely amazing video! Subscribed.
@RedStinger_0
@RedStinger_0 2 года назад
This is so beautiful
@sebastianjost
@sebastianjost 2 года назад
Very beautiful proofs, animations and clear explanations. Well done!
@usernameisamyth
@usernameisamyth 2 года назад
Best Fibonacci video so far
@coloripple
@coloripple 2 года назад
This video was incredibly interesting and surprisingly satifying! Thank you!
@peltrux5453
@peltrux5453 2 года назад
Im speechless, great video
@jkid1134
@jkid1134 Год назад
In highschool I had a text file where I was enumerating these (well, the strings of 1s and 0s with no adjacent 1s called fibonacci cubes, but obviously the same mathematical structure). I was doing it in a very strict order so that I didn't miss any, and I decided to formalize that order, and having never seen it before, managed to prove your Identity 2 (first proven by Lucas, I believe). I did not do it nearly as intuitively as you show here; it was a real drag through the mud of calculation.
@TheSanmanju
@TheSanmanju 2 года назад
love the music. Great touch
@Qwerasd
@Qwerasd 2 года назад
The music is an excellent touch.
@LucasDimoveo
@LucasDimoveo 2 года назад
This is beautiful. Please make more videos!
@jonp3674
@jonp3674 2 года назад
This is a really great video, well done.
@Rationalific
@Rationalific 2 года назад
You really visualize the cool secrets found within math well! Thanks for the video!
@MazerMP
@MazerMP 2 года назад
Mindblowing stuff
@notEphim
@notEphim 2 года назад
This is a great topic! And those tilings are so cool to prove much more complex identities. Once i figured out how to prove Newton's binomial for Fibonacci numbers with those tilings. Its much harder than just using binomial on Binet's formula, but also more satisfying
@kamatchinmay
@kamatchinmay 2 года назад
Great work
@amardexter9966
@amardexter9966 2 года назад
Great video!
@a.osethkin55
@a.osethkin55 2 года назад
Amazing!
@fabiosuarez144
@fabiosuarez144 2 года назад
Amazing math, amazing music
@Jonii1994
@Jonii1994 2 года назад
Beautiful
@XEqualsPenguin
@XEqualsPenguin 2 года назад
This video is incredible! I wish I had been taught about the Fibonacci sequence this way in school
@mcnica89
@mcnica89 2 года назад
Really beautiful combinatorial proofs!!!
@muno
@muno 2 года назад
super duper cool!!
@knok16
@knok16 2 года назад
wow! great video
@FabbrizioPlays
@FabbrizioPlays 2 года назад
So uh... I have no idea who you are or why your video was recommended to me, but it was a good recommendation and you've got yourself a subscriber. More of this please.
@PatrickMelanson
@PatrickMelanson 2 года назад
The first problem reminds me of when we discussed in a combinatorics class, except we had 2xn tiles, with either vertical or horizontal dominoes (2x2). I believe that one was also based off the Fibonacci sequence, and was similarly satisfying to work through! Great video, beautifully concise and incredibly well explained!
@ericseverson5608
@ericseverson5608 2 года назад
Yes, there is a pretty straightfoward bijection between both problems. Dominos tiling a 2xn must either be vertical or come in horizontal pairs making a 2x2 block. Once you show this, you can just look at the top 1xn block which then looks like a tiling with singletons and dominoes.
@DevashishGuptaOfficial
@DevashishGuptaOfficial 2 года назад
The jazz chords were just so perfect 😭
@lewismassie
@lewismassie 2 года назад
This was super interesting to watch
@AnonymousAnonymous-ht4cm
@AnonymousAnonymous-ht4cm 2 года назад
4:43 was really satisfying. I couldn't figure it out from the equation alone, but the visual made the answer clear.
@JKTCGMV13
@JKTCGMV13 2 года назад
I thought the video was going to end at 3:40 but then it kept going 🙏💯💯
@kingoffalsepositives2804
@kingoffalsepositives2804 2 года назад
The way you organized it also kinda looks like a fractal, which is pretty cool
@01k
@01k 2 года назад
Great video and nice use of music
@Excalibaard
@Excalibaard Год назад
Love the chords! It got me interested in tiling in more dimensions, or with additional/different blocks, and the patterns that may arise from that. Would love a follow-up :)
@mmenegali88
@mmenegali88 2 года назад
This video is amazing! Please make more videos like that! :)
@lilakouparouko1832
@lilakouparouko1832 2 года назад
Those sound effects are soooooo nice : )
@xiang-yue-fung
@xiang-yue-fung 2 года назад
Satisfy!
@galaxyofreesesking2124
@galaxyofreesesking2124 2 года назад
as the block approaches infinity, notice how there is an immergence of a fractal pattern the same can be said in a sequence of incrementing binary values stacked on top of each other (e.g. 0001, 0010, 0011, 0100, 0101, etc.) if you take a 16 bit value, starting at 0, increment up by 1, then place that incremented value directly below the one before it, you can do this until the last value in the subsequent block is all 1s. after which, you can see a similar pattern arise if you replace the 0s and 1s with different colored blocks.
@blargoner
@blargoner 2 года назад
Nice video!
@RisetotheEquation
@RisetotheEquation 2 года назад
Good job.
@zapzed8079
@zapzed8079 2 года назад
I love the music
@PowerhouseCell
@PowerhouseCell Год назад
Woah, this is such an underrated channel! As a fellow educational RU-vidr, I understand how much work must have gone into this- amazing job!! Liked and subscribed :)
@Errrhhho
@Errrhhho 2 года назад
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, *13 splits into 10 and 3* 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987
@TheyCallMeHacked
@TheyCallMeHacked 2 года назад
I did a very similar exercise in my "Introduction to Mathematical Reasoning" course just today (hadn't seen the video beforehand). The only difference was that we were looking at the tilings of a 2×n board using only dominos, which is equivalent, as vertical dominos get replaced by squares here. Still interesting to see how much this simplifies a lot of phenomena around the Fibonacci sequence...
@salerio61
@salerio61 2 года назад
That was rather lovely and rather restful. Apologies, I thought I was clicking on a 3B1B one, but subbed :)
@AllenGrimm1145
@AllenGrimm1145 2 года назад
Awesome video on several levels, but the musical accompaniment in particular really stood out to me. Props to Michael Severson on that! (Kind of reminds me of Mr. Rogers's Neighborhood, actually. :P)
@zhulimath
@zhulimath 2 года назад
This was a topic I've had on my radar, and you've covered it brilliantly! I don't have to be the one to make it anymore :D If I had to add a 4th section, I would've included something on generating functions.
@ericseverson5608
@ericseverson5608 Год назад
The generating function approach is really hard to make visual, but could have been an interesting addendum. The GF being 1/(1-x-x^2) when we choose these initial conditions is another motivation for this being the most natural form of the sequence. And can definitely relate to some relief that somebody else made some content that you wished existed.
@ferb1131
@ferb1131 2 года назад
This was my 3rd paper in my GCSE maths exam (which was always an open ended investigation question). I showed everything up to 3:35, and generalised it to different size tiles (and that it makes 2^n if you allow any size tile), but everything after that is new to me.
@ericseverson5608
@ericseverson5608 Год назад
The integer partitions being the simple form 2^n is especially nice, with the slick argument of the option to add a break at each possible spot.
@peke9499
@peke9499 2 года назад
Wow this is really underrated
@callumvlex7059
@callumvlex7059 2 года назад
Lovely Video, and "pause ans ponder" is a wonderful phrasing, I hope you keep going ^-^
@ericseverson5608
@ericseverson5608 2 года назад
That one is borrowed from 3blue1brown, and I agree it's a great phrase.
@melody_florum
@melody_florum 2 года назад
I never knew until now how much music chords add to math videos
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