Slavic Languages compared to Proto-Slavic - Body parts 

Всем братјам Славјанам Добрыј привет! Всем братьям Славянам Добрый привет!

SLAVA RODU, BRACIA I SIOSTRY!

Very awesome video! Hello from serbia! Love slavic brothers! ☮️

Russian word for eye glaz is also related to the Germanic word glass. But Russian also has oko like other Slavic languages, although it’s considered outdated and used mainly in poetry, literature and some idioms/fixed expressions. For example well-known old Russian song “Dark eyes” (Очи чёрные / Ochi chornye).

5:17 In Belarusian (also in Ukrainian), the word "jazyk" has the meaning only of the tongue, while language in Belarusian is "mova"

Slava Rodu Slovenskomu!

in a russian we also have a word "oko", but it is the elder word, that don't use every day, but we have some words with base "oko", example: "очки(glasses)", "окно(window)". Actually all slavic language have forms "оче(one eye)" and "очи(eyes)"

In Russian Perst was used as finger, and it is quite poetic nowadays. The ring on the ring finger is therefore called persten Edit: actually, gloves are called perchatki, and a thimble is called naperstok. As one can see, they both belong to the same word family as aforementioned words, which is kind of cool

5:53 the most interesting word here I guess As a Russian yes, we use spina as the word for back, but other words used in Russian 1. Chrbát (slovak) and Hrbet (slovenian) in Russian we have хребет/khrebet, which also means back, literally a synonym. 2. Grъb (bulgarian), Grb (macedonian) in Russian we have горб/gorb, which means hump, humpback. 3. Záda (czech) in Russian we have зад/zad, which means butt. 4. Plecy in polish already appeared in this video, yes this is shoulders in Russian. 5. Ledzha (serbocroatian) is similar to Russian verb лежать/lezhat', which means to lay, to rest. That's truly fascinating, peace and love to all slavic countries!

Very interesting 👍🏼 greetings from Bremen, Germany

I find these videos fascinating - thanks! 😁👍

There is the word "oko" in Russian, it's considered archaic, but still used in idioms. I.e. "an eye for an eye" is "oko za oko", also there is a proverb "vidit oko, da zub neymyot" ("the eye sees, but the tooth can't reach"), the song "Ochi Chornye" ("The Black Eyes", "ochi" is the plural form for "oko"), etc. Hair: in Russian rural dialects there is a variant for plural form "volossiya", almost identical to Ukrainian. Also, in Russian "kosa" means "braid". Finger: in Russian also exists the word "perst" (archaic), the word "persten'" ("signet ring") in modern Russian has its roots in this word. Tongue/Language: in the (Church Slavonic) Bible this word also means "ethnos". The Bible citations became the part of some Slavic languages unchanged. Back: probably, the word "spina" comes from Latin word "spinum", which means "backbone". There is an old word "hrebet" in Russian which also means "backbone".

It is interesting to know that Slavic languages have the most sovereign countries, compared to other branches of the Indo-European languages.

Russian word “hrebet” literally means spine, ridge (mountains), backbone. But the main Russian word for spine is spina (speena) which is related to English spine.

*RUSSIAN 🇷🇺 & POLISH* 🇵🇱 Kto zvonil? (Russian) Kto dzwonił? (Polish) Who called? (English translation) Eto takoy milyi zapakh. (Russian) To taki miły zapach. (Polish) It’s such a nice smell. Gusenitsa polzala po stogu sena. (Russian) Gąsienica pełzała po stogu siana. (Polish) A caterpillar crawled along a haystack. Kaplya dozhdya vysokhla na kozhe. (Russian) Kropla deszczu wyschła na skórze. (Polish) A drop of rain has dried on the skin. Na stole lezhal pushistyy kot. (Russian) Na stole leżał puszysty kot. (Polish) There was a fluffy cat on the table. Zimniy den' i ulitsa v snegu. (Russian) Zimowy dzień i ulica w śniegu. (Polish) Winter day and the street is covered in snow. U menya bolit gorlo. (Russian) Boli mnie gardło. (Polish) I have a sore throat. Vorona sela na derevo. (Russian) Wrona usiadła na drzewie. (Polish) The crow sat on the tree. V Prage yest staryy most. (Russian) W Pradze jest stary most. (Polish) There’s an old bridge in Prague. Levaya stena byla zelenoy. (Russian) Lewa ściana była zielona. (Polish) The left wall was green. Kon yest ovyos. (Russian) Koń je owies. (Polish) A horse eats oats. U tebya charuyushchiy golos (Russian) Masz czarujący głos. (Polish) You’ve got a charming voice. Letnyaya pogoda za oknom (Russian) Letnia pogoda za oknem (Polish) Summer weather beyond the window. Kazhdyy imeyet pravo na schastie. (Russian) Każdy ma prawo do szczęścia. (Polish) Everybody has the right to happiness. Ty videl yego v shkole? (Russian) Widziałeś go w szkole? (Polish) Have you seen him at school? Nemtsy byli nashimi sosedyami. (Russian) Niemcy byli naszymi sąsiadami. (Polish) Germans were our neighbours. Pey bolshe vody. (Russian) Pij więcej wody. (Polish) Drink more water. Moy otets rodilsya vesnoy. (Russian) Mój ojciec urodził się na wiosnę. (Polish) My father was born in spring. Eto bylo trudno. (Russian) To było trudne. (Polish) It was hard. Gde (yest) moya mat'? (Russian) Gdzie jest moja matka? (Polish) Where’s my mother? Chego ty ot menya khochesh? (Russian) Czego odemnie chcesz? (Polish) What do you want from me? Ya nenavizhu zlykh lyudey (Russian) Ja nienawidzę złych ludzi (Polish) I detest evil people. Moy muzh zabavnyy chelovek. (Russian) Mój mąż to zabawny człowiek. (Polish) My husband is a funny person. Yego zhena poshla v les. (Russian) Jego żona poszła do lasu. (Polish) His wife went to the forest. Zvezdy padayut s neba nochyu (Russian) Gwiazdy spadają z nieba w nocy. (Polish) Stars fall from the sky at night. To narusheniye bylo strashnym. (Russian) To naruszenie było straszne. (Polish) That violation was terrifying. Vchera ya uvidel byka, kozu, zaytsa, medvedya, lva, i inykh zverey. (Russian) Wczoraj widziałem byka, kozę, zająca, niedźwiedzia, lwa i inne zwierzęta. (Polish) Yesterday I saw a bull, a goat, a hare, a bear, a lion and other animals. Ya khotel by vyrazit' svoyu mysl'. (Russian) Chciałbym wyrazić swoją myśl. (Polish) I’d like to express my thought. Tvoy strakh kradet sily. (Russian) Twój strach kradnie siłę. (Polish) Fear is disempowering (steals strength). Kazhdaya zhizn' vazhna. (Russian) Każde życie jest ważne. (Polish) Every life matters (is important). Eto testo sladkoye. (Russian) To ciasto jest słodkie. (Polish) That dough is sweet. Dobroye slovo raduyet kazhdogo, kto yego slyshit. (Russian) Dobre słowo raduje każdego, kto je słyszy. (Polish) A kind word pleases everyone who hears it. Moya babushka lyubit myod. (Russian) Moja babcia lubie miód. (Polish) My grandma likes honey. Ya boyus ognia. (Russian) Boję się ognia. (Polish) I’m afraid of fire. Proshu, ne priblizaisya ko mne! (Russian) Proszę nie zbliżaj się do mnie! (Polish) Please, don’t come near me!

The Russian also has the word "Око", even though it's not commonly used anymore

Oko, prst, chelo, usta, rameno, obliche are all archaic words in Russian now. Glaz, palec, lob, guby, plecho, lico are the contemporary equivalents.

*Fun fact: kosa means hair in Balkan Slavic languages and in Russian it means “braid”, which is connected with hair (volosy in Russian). The word kosa also has a second meaning in Russian - scythe.*

Czech language fan facts: Back: Czech use all of it while 'záda' is just most formal. 'Hřbet' is informal, usually associated with pain or hardwork. 'Hrb' means actually' humpback in czech but it's also commonly used in the same sense as 'hřbet' is. Finaly 'plece' is used mostly for cattle and sportsmen back. :) Eyebrow: Both 'obočí' and 'brvy' are legit words for eyebrow. It's just that 'brvy' slowly become obsolete.

Око и очи и сейчас любой русский поймёт. Здорового,широкоплечего мужчину в простонародье называют рама.

Plet'e/Orme - in contemporary Serbian, it is 'Rame', but in plural (Ramena), you can use 'Pleća', especially when one is carrying a great burden or helping another person to overcome some physical obstacle.

Собрались славяне в комментариях и давай общаться на английском 😵‍💫

Thank you for the video. There might be some inaccuracies but it was a pleasure to watch. I didn't expect Polish language to follow Proto-Slavic so strictly.

Koliko sam primetio prikazane reči su jako slične. A skoro sve prikazane reči drugih slovenskih naroda koje sam video se koriste u srpskom jeziku kao sinonimi . Postoji i mišljenje da je do osmog veka jezik svih Slovena bio jedan.

its funny how some words in Lithuanian is more close to Proto-Slavic then some straight Slavic languages. Baltic languages belong to Balto-Slavic group which splits into Slavic and Baltic. both are related to Proto-Slavic. and we do have many words same as Slavic languages. also, we build sentences in the similar order most of the time.

V spisovnom slovenskom jazyku používame obe slová. Prst = palec. Rameno = plece = vo východoslovenskom nárečí "pleco". Pozdravujem všetkých Slovanov!

One more interesting connection - "kosa" is a Polish word for scythe, and "kosić" is the word for cutting down wheat. The word changed meaning probably through connotation with the act of cutting hair.

Eye "oko" exist in Russian language but only in poetic or vintage literature style of speaking, as well as perst (finger)

We can say jezyk for a native speech and as a body part in Poland. Also for English speakers it might be interesting thst we do not differentiate between fingers and toes only can name specific fingers or toes - kciuk is the thumb and paluch is big toe.

So much is missing here, such as both Slovak and Czech also having the word plece for shoulder (and actually rameno can be used for shoulder but really means more like arm, even metaphorically such as Milky Way Orion Arm), Czech also having the word hřbet for back, and Slovak and Czech also having the word maso/mäso for meat, i.e. dead muscles intended for eating, which is btw a more likely and meaningful etymology in my opinion than that silly mouse story. Therefore I think much more is also missing in other Slavic languages of which I'm not proficient.

Nice job! I recerded as reader indoeuropean numbers 1 -10 and other comparisions.

Oko is the old Russian word for glaz. We used to use it till the 20th century.

Slovanskí bratia, držme spolu

Все:нос Украина😏:нiс

4:50 Russian word has the word "persten" which is a ring

В русском языке иногда используют слова "космы", что так же обозначает слово "волосы".

Apart from 'ramo' for shoulder in Bulgarian, we also have плещ /plesht/ (singular) and плещи /pleshti/ (plural) for shoulder(s), but it is an archaism and is mostly used in the literary language.

slavic word for muscle is related to the word meat like in Polish miesien - mieso, nothing to do with mouse which is mysz in Polish. Muscle is quite new word, in ancient time most of the people were muscular, muscles were called simply meat.

In some cases we can see a certain split in vocabulary between the Eastern + Western Slavic languages on one part and the Southern ones on the other.

Respect from smalest Slavic country From Montenegro!

On side note this is Official language presentation, for example in entire south Croatia people use Tijelo and Tilo or Bijelo and Bilo, actually if not in Official buissines then Bilo/Tilo version or Ikavian version is used more often when speaking than Ijekavian version, City of Split which is second largest in Croatia is Ikavian.

"Перст" существует в русском языке в качестве так называемой поэтической лексики ("указующий перст", "перст Божий"). Наряду с такими словами, как "око", "уста", "чело". PS "Перст" также присутствует в таких словах, как "напёрсток" и "двенадцатиперстная" (кишка).

Very cool thx

Interesting observation: Russian УХО/UHO (ear) and Russian СЛУХ/SLUH (hearing). English EAR and English HEARING. The word formation is so similar.

Bosnian flag is in Montenegro, Serbian in parts of Croatia (Dalmatia) and Bosnia and Croatian is more in Slovenia and Hungary then in Croatia. :) In BCMS (formerly Serbo-Croatian) there is word "pleća/плећа" used only in plural and has meaning "shoulders" like "ramena". It's archaic but it's used often figuratively. There is animal body part "plećka/плећка" related to it. Also "vlas/влас" is alternative for "dlaka" (1 hair). There is also plural "vlasi/власи". In Serbian is "uvo/уво" preferred over "uho/ухо" in Croatian and Bosnian.

In Polish we also have the word "plecy" for shoulders/back and "zad" for rump instead of back.

The biggest difference between Slavic languages is fonetic otherwise they are all incredibly close

You put all official languages of ex-yugoslavian countries except official language of Montenegro. Why?

In Czech: Shoulder - "Rameno" can be also ""Rámě" but is used mostly in poetry and is more archaic, while "Plec" (sg. from "Plece") is more connected with the same part in animals - No one would use it for human body with some exception of high literature, where mostly the fronal part of the shoulder is meant by the term. Hair - well, this is funny, cause ""vlasy" are pl. of hair, which is sg.-only in English. One hair is "vlas", while ""hairs" are "chlupy", where one of hairs is "chlup". But this is probably general Slavic concept. "V" before "O" is also common in spoken Czech from the Bohemian part of the country, i.e. spoken "voko" for eye. Finger - any finger or toe is "prst", but "palec" (similar to Eastern Slavic) is the name of the 1st one, i.e. thumb/big toe. Eyebrow - ""obočí" simply means the thing around your eye. We use term "brva" for any hair-like structure.

It would be more interesting to trace modern languages to proto Indo European roots. Being Russian I've always found it fascinating the similarity of words in different languages: daughter - дочь (dotch) brother - брат (braat) brow - бровь (brov') sister - сестра (sestra) nose - нос (nos) door - дверь (dver') mother - мать (mat') tree - [old form] древо (drevo), [newer form] дерево (derevo) snow - снег (sneg) wolf - волк (volk) That's just English and Russian. And there are lots of other words with such similarity. Moreover, it's amazing that Icelandic and Hindi belong to the same language family... Though where is Iceland and where is India?

> 1:06 Lol we have a slang word in Russian "rama" which means a man with wide shoulders. I always thought it's related to the vehicle's "rama" ("frame") because it's wide but apparently it's an old Slavic word for shoulders we somehow preserved

Also in russian there's word Око with the same meaning as "Eye"

В русском языке есть слово perst (палец), но оно устаревшее так же, как и oko (глаз). Kosa имеет несколько значений. Одно из них - женская прическа. Glava означает главного человека или раздел какого то текста.

Interesting that we all have different default words for back, but some of those words can be still familiar. In Czech we say záda, but hřbet when it's an animal or in more archaic or bookish language even for people, hrb means a hump. What is not familar to me at all ais south slavic Leda and eastern slavik spina/spyna, I would not guess what it means. Plec in Czech is another part of animal, but not back, so I would not guess even polish word.

There is a Word in russian "Khrebet / Hrebet" . It means bone carcass in our back or a spine as well too. We use both words but Hrebet more used in a literature-way to describe Hardworking..

Nice to see how polish language preserved old slavic nassal vowels.

Just a note: in Slavic alphabets and transcriptions the letter „j” is always pronounced phonetically as [j] (in english it's written as consonantal „y”).

Tsar Simeon did a great job, as well as the scholars in Preslav and Ohrid.

1:20 Плешка it also exist in macedonian however this part of the body is not the shoulder itself but just bellow the shoulder rear area

Vlas\Vlasi are used in Croatian dialects for hair. Also "pleća" for shoulders.

3 missing languages - would be interesting to see it in both Lusatian/Sorbian languages and in Kashubian x

as far as I remember in Ukrainian jazyk is the body part, whereas the spoken language is mova; in Polish jezyk means both

Regarding etymology, is it far fetch to assume that the word for muscle has the same root as "musculus" in latin?

I think the words for Muscle and Back vary the most.

in Belarusian and Ukrainian "tongue" and "language" are different words. We use Mova

Праславянских языков не существует, существует только один конкретный праславянский язык

Can you make same video with common animals? Greetings from Poland :)

примечательно, как "братья славяне" общаются на английском языке!!!))) английский - язык общения славян. братья

Back then in polish only the thumb was palec. All the other eight fingers were parstki. The relict of this word we can see in the word "naparstek" which is this little metal armor for your finger not to be injured by a needle.

Also should add that in Russian language the word "мускул" (muskul) is a common synonim to the word "мышца" (myshtsa)

Спасибо!очень интересно.

Также в русском языке есть слово "перст", синоним "палец". Фраза "указующий перст". Или стих Пушкина: "Перстами легкими как сон Моих зениц коснулся он: Отверзлись вещие зеницы".

Can you do a video like this but for Lithuanian and Latvian?

Zabawne Wydaje mi sie że polski jest najbardziej zblizony do protosłowiańskiego It seems to me that polish is the closest to proto-slavic

Can you include all Indo-European languages?

In Croatian human hair is kosa but a single hair is vlas. Also arm is rame but pleća is also body part, upper part of back between neck and shoulders. Finger is indeed prst but a thumb is palac.

In the Ukrainian language (as well as in Belarusian as far as I know) the word "Yazyk", means only a part of the body, and for "language" we have a separate word. Mova, in both of them

Все перемешено, слова которые исчезли в одном, ныне встречаються в другом из языках. Однако церковно-славянский, который лёг в основе нынешного русского языка это староболгарский язык, на котором были переведены первые славянские церковные книги.

Tko je stavio srpsku zastavu na hrvatski teritorij?

Why didn't you use IPA for representing pronounciation?

🇧🇬🇷🇺

In Russia we have oko too, but use it as old form

serbian word "plecka" is the part of the shoulder "rame" on the back of your body, that big flat bone. hair "kosa" and word "vlas" is the singular hair, or "vlasi" multiple strands of hair. word "spina" in latin comes from the slavic word as its much younger language. and there is many many latin words with roots in slavic language.

If all the Slavs united, we would be the strongest on the whole world. Pozdrav iz Slovenije

That's Celtic music playing, at least it should be proto-slavic.

Hey, as I know Croatian H is read as CH or KH. So word uho = ucho, at least you should write it in brackets, so everyone see it's even more close and similar with other Slavic languages.

Thanks for the video, but at least in Russian there are most of the words that you did not specify: eye, finger, hair and back. За ролик спасибо, но по крайней мере в русском есть большая часть слов которые Вы не указали: око, перст, коса и даже зад.

Fun fact - Ą and Ę are nasal vowels originated from proto-slavic and among Slavic languages are preserved in Polish only.

In Serbian: arm - ruka hand - šaka palm - dlan thumb - palac finger - prst fist - pesnica

In Ukrainian and Belarusian, язик/язык has only one meaning - tongue. In Ukrainian, in some contexts, it can be used as borrowed (like Russian язык, meaning specifically "Russian language", or Church Slavonic ѩзыкъ, meaning "people" or "nation").

Not sure yet what role is playing Northern Makedonia?? What about Kosovo??

В русском языке и сейчас есть слово "око" (очи), но считается устаревшим и поэтическим словом. Пословица как пример "Видит око, да зуб неймет".

Also Palec' in Bulgarian mean Thumb.

Perst - old Russian for palets. )

Overall, while there are similarities and shared features between modern Slavic languages and Proto-Slavic, the evolution and linguistic diversification over time have resulted in distinct differences among the individual languages.

В русском языке слово "око" используется в поэзии. "Твоих очей голубизна Мне в душу ветерком пахнула: Тобой душа озарена..." Поэт Андрей Белый. "Унылая пора! Очей очарование!" Александр Пушкин. Или, например, фраза "всевидящее око". ...

А как на праславянском будет"натягивать сову на глобус"? 😂

It would be nice to have Slavic unity, instead of shooting at each other :(

Pleće is used in Serbian in some archaic sayings. For instance "his is bearing weight of this on his shoulders" would be said "on to nosi na svojim PLEĆIMA" and not RAMENIMA.

In Serbian for bone Koska is also used similar to Russian and Ukrainian but it is rarely used especially related to humans. For instance when you say give that bone to the dog some would use Koska instead of Kost