I am a first year US History teacher and this was an awesome confirmation to the text that I've studied for this week's lesson. I will watch it at least 3 times! :-)
Robert Rowland Thank you, sir! I filmed segments on New France and New Netherland in the same sitting that I'll be releasing later this week after I edit them.
I'm a H.S. Junior taking U.S. History at a community college. This video is very helpful and informative since my professor goes off on a tangent during most lecture, so we don't learn much. I will definitely be recommending your channel to my classmates. Thank you :)
Thank you so much ! I'm a transfer student from Arizona going to a school in New York , I had a AP summer project I was working on about how the colonist treated the natives. This really helped , you teach very well!
Thanks for the video Tom. Yes most people in Latin America are Mestizos. A mixture of Spanish and Indian. Although the term "Mestizo" isn't used anymore, most people in Latin America are aware of our European and Native American heritage. In Mexico we take pride in being half European and Half Indian. Our culture is European and Indian combined. Although some people do dislike Spain.
Spanish Black Legend a false Story created by Enemies of Catholic Spain basically Dutch and English wich are protrestans. For example more people were executed in England or English Colonies by Church than in Spain.
its a myth. It was created due to self hate from Spanish critics way back in the days. Then the British and Dutch began to spread it because they wanted to spread bad rap about the Spanish because the Brits and Dutch wanted to still conquer.
I know I am late to the game as far as your channel is concerned but I have got to say I love your demeanor and teaching style. I love history and because of that I am always listening to/ watching history videos on YT and because of that I am surprised that I never came across your channel. You gained a subscriber and probably a lot of views from me. Thanks for your content.
Great stuff. Loved the video. You did a fantastic job! I am both French and Spanish with...I believe...Comanche. So I really enjoy to learn more about my history as an American but also as a descendant of Europeans.
Great video however I do wish you have talked about the Spanish explorations in North America, St. Augustine, Juna Ponce De Leon landing in Florida in 1513, how they got all the North Amer. Natives sick and how they reached the Chesapeake Bay in 1525. Too many people here don't know that Jamestown already had Spanish foot prints. Overall still liked the video. Gracias.
I wish these were more in-depth It would be nice to have a second channel with more in-depth videos or links to more in-depth videos on the individual topics covered.
Great but there is a HUGE mistake in 7:18 the spaniards founded big setlementes like Guanajuato, Mérida, Monterrey, Querétaro, Valladolid, Guadalajara, Veracruz etc.. basically ALL of the current Mexican cities, at the North where there were small populations and there were no major cities ,those were the ones that were only Missions. - That´s why later the Americans could easily grab that territory, cause there was not enough hispanic population to form cities and well defended garrisons.
Hi Tom. I enjoyed watching your video. I applaud your efforts to explain to a primarily Anglo American audience such a complex process as the conquer and colonization of the Americas by the Spaniards. In general, the information is fine; however, I like to clarify one point. During the early years of the XVI century Spain exercised a tight control over who was allowed to enter its new colonies, so very few Europeans were able to emigrate to New Spain. However, things changes during the government of the Emperor Charles I of Spain when he allows all the citizens within his empire (Spain, the Netherlands, Italy, Germany, etc) to emigrate to the New World as colonizers. He realizes that much of his newly acquired territories are uninhabited, so he encourages the colonization of New Spain by commoners, not just by conquistadors. However, the entrance to New Spain to Jews and Muslims remains forbidden.
Daniel72 Uhm, as far as I know modern Spaniards are a mix of different cultures and races. Yes, there are the original inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula, the Iber and the Celtics, however you also have Greek, Roman, Visigoth (German tribe), Jewish and Muslim blood running through your veins. Well, the Basque people are a separate case.
The map showing Spanish America shows Canada incorrectly: Upper Canada was strictly around Lake Ontario and Erie; the eastern part was Quebec (Lower Canada). I'm a History teacher and darn it! You have to make it right!
"Dance like a penguin!" -Background Diego Poster. Also great video! :) Easy to understand, and RIP to anyone who was supposed to also watch Guns, Germs, and Steel but the video was dead.
The word "encomienda" is the noun for "encomendar" or "to entrust [something to someone."] The crown would quite literally "entrust" [from the colonizers' perspective] a territory and everyone/everything in it to someone. The root of the term "encomienda" is pretty straightforward. Thanks for your useful and succinct video. Perhaps you can add this correction to it.
I like your videos dude! Good job! Only wants say the environment created by the fantastic stories about my homeland ( Spain ) that have seen the light of publicity in all countries, the grotesque descriptions that have always been made of the character of Spaniards as individuals and collectively, the denial or at least the systematic ignorance of all that is favorable and beautiful in the various manifestations of culture and art, the accusations that in every era have been flung against Spain. It's important say that the "Black legend" was English/Dutch PROPAGANDA that demonizes the Spanish Empire, its people and its culture. Spain is Don Quixote, always engrossed in defending impossible ideas, in fighting against all, through endless seas, conquer vast lands. Spain always fought against all mills, lonely, miserable, quixotic. And in the end Spain lost.
Nudillox That is a very sad story... I'm hopeful that I was able to portray the Spanish in at least a slightly more accurate light than the English and the Dutch did.
may I say sir, I recently discovered your channel and enjoy your videos. I understnad you can't cover all details in these. I'm learning a ton with you. Many thanks!
Nudillox actually I always thought that, Cervantes captured the spirit of Spain perfectly, trying to fight for ideals at the cost of effectiveness or ultimately at the cost of reality itself. Making Spain big, defend Roman/Latin-Catholic culture and spread it across the world, be elegant and “fair” (according to the morals of the time) even if that implies losing or sacrificing effectiveness... for example, Christianism considered lending money with interests a crime, a dirty job, and Spaniards always preferred working the soil to engaging in such impure deceiving business, meanwhile other countries encouraged lending despite it being considered bad by their morals, Spain always put idealism on top of pragmatic solutions. Working the fields, going to church and giving away money, being artistic and enlarging the motherland, that’s what people considered a good Spaniard. Like Cervantes himself, a soldier, a Catholic and an artist. Just as king Phillip II said “I’d rather be a Spanish peasant than the king of a heretic dishonest people”.
Very true. Cervantes by his own experiences, and played thru Quixote, captured the idealistic sense of honor, self-sacrifice, and unfathomable determination of the Iberian people. Loyal to a fault, but once dishonored, they will rage like a lion. They do not bend to any challenger and accept all circumstances. A hatred for the ingenuous and banality with an inherent fortitude for the proper. Though instinctively modest, their own sense of worth and dignity often bubble over to what other too easily consider haughtiness or arrogance. A devout people with a burning heart of faith and penchant for duty. All the while, their own critical, self examining nature and pursuit of independence has caused them to fight each with the same fervor as they would any foreign enemy. #SpaniardsAreASpecialBreed #VivaLosEspanoles
It would be a good time to update some stuff like the caste system theory, due to recent archeologist discoveries and documents of viceroyalties that shows people from this castes having rights that they should not have. It seems that caste system is a misunderstanding of terms used in society of that period. Natives could go to school, could go to universities, there were noble natives, also natives that formed part of of knights orders. There were free slaves with properties and noble titles. In spain there was the figure of Juan latino, he even being s slave when he was a child, he could go to school and after.some time and was a professor in the university of Granada. There is much history out there that changes a lot the image of Spanish empire, is not about defending but teaching history. Spanish empire won't come back neither will undermine the sovereign of any country in the Americas.
Excellent video very complete the only thing thaht i found out a bit off was that spanish colonist founded lots of cities, I'm from Mexico and most of our cities and rural towns have colonial origins. But still very cool video, hoping to see more of these
Tomás Caballero I think it's more in comparison with the English, but you're right - often, comparisons can lead to oversimplifications. I'll definitely make more videos, and I must say that I think it is AWESOME that your last name is "Gentleman."
Tom Richey Could also be "Knight". We use the same word for both terms. Caballero literally means "the one who rides a horse" (caballo). The meaning as "gentleman" probably comes from that, knights are meant' to be high class, aren't they? About oversimplifications, I'd understand them (given we are talking of 10 minutes history videos) if every anglosaxon information I've seen on the topic didn't just focus on the negative aspects, often force-feeding the image of the spaniards as gold-digging religioius fanatics. You watch National Geographic and they tell you how awesome and advanced the Egyptians or the Romans (or the British) were yet everything about the spanish is about bloody conquest, class systems, religion and gold-lust... painting them as if they were the only ones concerned about that stuff in the late middle ages... And about the comparison with the English, you can't really compare the spanish colonialism of the early 16th. century with the english, if you compare them with the brit colonial domains of the 18th century because it's just unfair, and you just can't compare them with contemporary english american colonies... because there were none. The funny part about all this is that the spaniards seem to have been a lot "nicer" to natives (to the point being granted the same rights as any other spanish subject by queen Isabella) than the other major colonial powers yet the image the media gives is exactly the opposite.
+· HigoChumbo · because the agenda is divide the old Spanish world more and more . Who do you think is giving the money to fuel the indigenist propaganda? Here in UK , from Bristol there is an association run with entirely with English staff and only a person with Mapuche name . Who is paying for all this ? They want now to split the Patagonia from Argentina and chile under the excuse of giving back the land to the Indian people . England has always played the same card of divide and conquer and it really annoys me they are using the mapuches now who are stupid enough to fall for it .
Great video! As you well-said some pre-columbian and highly advanced civilizations existed for centuries in rich and very prosperous regions of the Americas, particularly in Mexico and Peru. It would be interesting some research and a video on the development and economies of the Spanish and Portugueses Viceroyalties established since the XVI century, the development of their capitals and large cities and interestingly their relationship with the British colonies in the East coast of what is now US. Cheers!!
If people used that term today, then it sounds like it... I'd doubt there are many people in North America today of 100% Spanish ancestry unless they've recently immigrated here.
Nope. you are not a mestizo, because the distinction of castes was abolished in Mexico since 1813 by José María Morelos, INCLUDING THE TERRITORY OF TEXAS. today you are an AMERICAN CITIZEN with no distinction of caste.
Actually Cortes did not defeat Montezuma in battle. Instead, Montezuma invited Cortes and his me into Tenochtitlan, but Cortes took him hostage and later murdered him like most of the city.
Cortez did not murder the rest of Tenochtitlan the majority died of smallpox brought in from a second expedition sent from Velazquez to capture Cortez and bring him back to Spain. The second expedition was led by Narvaez but he was defeated in Veracruz by Cortez so the rest of the expedition joined up with Cortez first to defeat the Tlaxcalans then defeat the Aztecs.
Hey Tom Richey, I have a question. If the initial Spanish colonies were primarily focused on forced labor (Encomienda) without much significant Permanent European settlement, then how was there such high rates of inter-breeding between the Spaniards and Aboriginals. It was a little surprising to me, I was under the impression that forced labor of conquered tribes was accompanied by large scale permanent Spanish settlement early on. Perhaps this primarily took place after Encomienda was abolished.
Very well explained! The book "Why Nations Fail", from Daron Acemoglu (teacher in MIT) and James Robinson (teacher in Harvard), shows, in the very beggining, both Spanish and English colonization to ilustrate the cultural diferences between Latin America and North America. The authors mention the Hernán Cortéz institutions in Mexico, like "encomiendas" and others, and his relation with Montezuma. They talk also about Pizarro, that repeats the same model with Atahualpa, in Peru, and finally John Smith, that face challenges completly differents in Jamestown, Virginia. This book was recommended by The Economist magazine!
Mexico had more than 10 million indigenous people when the Spanish arrived. There were another 30-50 million in Central and South America, according to various estimates. North America (United States and Canada) had less than 2-3 million indigenous people, on basically flat and fertile lands. The population of North America was basically European, already Christianized. The Spaniards found themselves with the problem of integrating all that indigenous population, in a land with 6000-meter mountain ranges, impenetrable jungles, tropical diseases, hurricanes, volcanoes, deserts. It is a process very similar to the Romanization in Hispania, Britain or Gaul, which lasted several centuries. The queen of Spain, Isabel, said in the year 1500: "I want the Spanish, men and women, to marry and form families with the indigenous people of those lands." That is something revolutionary in the world. In the 19th century, many British and French supported social Darwinism: "The brown people or of other races are stupid, as it shows that they are poor." Or Nazism (Germany). There was still racial segregation in Alabama in 1960, and apartheid in South Africa in 1990. Native Americans have casinos to survive. In Spanish America they are presidents of their nations, many times. Harward had a white-only university in 1630. The first university in India (a trading company) is from 1857 (250 years after arriving there). The Netherlands only made one university in its empire: Indonesia 1946, two years before independence. Spain made 40 universities in the world: 28 in America, 3 in the Philippines, 9 in Italy and 1 in France, for all races, the first in America (1538, 1551), the first in Asia (1611), the first of Africa (1704). Spanish reinvestment in people of all races in America was 70% of wealth (80% in the 18th century). The Spanish empire in Europe was rich: already civilized Christians, who already knew the techniques, without jungles or tropical diseases, and without indigenous people to integrate. Countries like Australia and Canada have 3 and 4 inhabitants per km2, and enormous natural resources for few people. If Australia had the population density of Mexico (65 inhabitants per km2) it would go from 28 million inhabitants, the majority living on the smooth southeastern coast, to 600 million people, living in deserts, jungles... Australia would be directly poor: India and Pakistan, or Belize, Surinam, Jamaica, Botswana, Sudafrica... I admire the entrepreneurial spirit of the Anglo-Saxons and the Dutch (although they did not invest much in other races from where they got their wealth, while Spain built 2,300 stone cities, 40 universities, 900 hospitals, 400 catedrales, 300 fortresses, and thousands of nursery schools). But things are not so simple. It seems that being selfish makes people very rich. Adam Smith is a great economist, he himself has already warned of certain abuses. In the English industrial revolution, there were children between the ages of 5-12 working in coal mines, endless days, sometimes for a plate of food until 1850. Indigenous children and women or of any race could not work in the mines of the Spanish empire since the 16th century. Spain made the first international human rights (Laws of Burgos 1512 and New Laws 1542) that eliminated the encomienda, a source of abuse. The first viceroy of Peru was assassinated by the sons of Pizarro, for applying those laws. The second viceroy of Peru, and all the others, applied the laws against indigenous slavery. There are two systems, the Anglo-Saxon, where money is the most important thing in the world. And the Spanish system, more similar to Roman integration in the same culture, more supportive, like the European Union.
Unfortunately Tom is very imprecise and many times wrong. First thing Cortez (in Mexico) and Pizarro (in Peru) did was to found cities. The Jesuits compiled grammars and dictionaries of the local languages and they used them until the late 18th century, until it was forbidden by the Spanish crown. Nahuatl (in Mexico) entered its "classical" period after the Jesuits adapted the Latin alphabet to it and spread the language by writing many different works in this language. The same can be said by the Jesuits in Peru, using and spreading Quechua until 1780. The relationship of the kings of Spain with the Conquistadores was really difficult. Conquistadores very often acted in total disregard to direct orders given by the kings... Of course they profitted from the sacks and they accepted the "fait accompli" but they didn´t plan the conquerings like one is led to think as one reads the Anglo-Saxon historians...
I find it amazing the fact that you mention Bartolomé. Do you know Bartolomé's book is absolutely refuted by any impartial historian? In fact, Bartolomé's book was modified by the Dutch in order to legitimate its independence from Spain (with Theodor de Bry's help as well). Protestantism = brought the biggest genocides in History (almost everyone is white in US and Australia because they wiped out the Indigenous people from those lands to repoblate them with white people; the rise of Nazi Germany, another Protestant nation). Catholicism: the biggest Mestizo society exists where Spain ruled because there wasn't racism unlike Protestant societies.
+214 1341 I believe I made note of the pitfalls of that source, but it still remains a part of the conversation even if it should be taken with a grain of salt.
A very simplistic lecture! although most college level history classes are very simplistic as well, they are mostly vocabulary! ...Encomienda a conjugation of encomendar, can be translated as to "ENTRUST."...Alabama was Spanish...so was Spanish Missouri....West Florida was a Spanish colony, now called Alabama and Mississippi. The Spanish had failed colonies in Virginia before Roanoke and Jamestown. Anglo Protestants and Latin Catholics....do not like each other hence the black legend...
I like the clear presentation but I disagree with the term reconquest because it implies that Spain belonged to the Spanish before the Moors. The Moors occupied (now) Spain for 800 years which is longer than the Spanish have until today.
Nice video, but I disagree in a few things. I'm a genealogists who lives in Mexico City. I have lots of conquistadores in my family tree. Many of them brought their wives with them and settled here. Others married and/or had children with indigenous women. A few of them were Sephardic Jews fleeing the inquisition in the 1500s, others were Inquisition informants and enforcers. Some were the classic conquistadors coming with Cortés to conquer new lands, others were young man fleeing poverty from Spain in the 1600s. It was a very big, complex, and developed society. They founded lots of big cities, from Mexico City to Guanajuato, Puebla, Guadalajara, etc. Many of my ancestors lived in the town of Huichapan, in the modern state of Hidalgo, which served as a base of operations for the conquest of the Sierra Gorda. The people of Huichapan fought the local chichimeca Indians, mined the nearby mountains and settled lots of towns around the area. Many of them even participated in the colonization of the New Kingdom of Leon.
"Encomienda" is a still used word at least in Latin America and basically it means "favor" ;) btw... Do a Latin America lecture! Differences and similitudes between Latin America, history etcetera.
Hey Tom! Have you been to Chaco Canyon? The Pueblo Benito is a sight to see among the many other ruins there. I am a fellow history teacher as well and I enjoy your videos. Good work.
Encomienda is a system of labor true.. but the word does translate into English. Spanish Example: Les "encomindo" que porfavor me cuiden todo mi oro, mientras estoy en España. English Translation: I ask of all of you to "look after/guard/watch over" all of my gold, wile I'm in Spain.
The Viceroyalty of New Spain included the Philippines. Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and Guam... so after Independence Mexico became poorer because it lost the trade connection with China (Manila) and the strategical protection from foreign invasion in the Caribbean Sea (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico). The Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico and Guam were loyal to Spain in 1823. Besides, Spain ceded its rights to Oregon to the US...Before Independence, Americans used to emigrate to the Viceroyalty of New Spain by the thousands (legal and ilegal immigration. Houston and Austin received a visa from the Kingdom of Spain), but after Independence it was the opposite.
Why didn’t new Spain include western South America? Why weren’t Mexico and the territories in s America ruled together? Later Mexico and then s America gain independence but not at the same time.
@@spudmcdougal369 because the Inca Empire was a different administrative unit than the Aztec Empire, and the King of Spain became the Inca after Conquest, so for the Natives of Peru he was sacred. In fact, the Independence of the Viceroyalty of Peru at the beginning of the XIX Century was led by whites (criollos) descendants of Spanish conquistadors, not by the Natives, who were loyal to the Crown, to the Inca. On the other side, descendants of the Aztec aristocracy became part of the Spanish nobility. For example. descendants of Moctezuma became (until today) Counts, and then Dukes.
@@ahoraya1047 Thank you.So, the Spanish divided their territories into several viceroyalties based on the indigenous population and then there were really 3 major revolutions in central & western South America: Mexico, north western s America, and south western South America? Did Simon Bolivar rule all of western s America afterwards? Did he govern the territory that is now Chile and Argentina before they broke away into separate countries?
@@spudmcdougal369 later, other Viceroyalties were created for better management. like the Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata (Argentina, Uruguay etc) and the Viceroyalty of New Granada (Colombia, Venezuela etc) The administrative division inside each Viceroyalty were the Capitanías. Many Capitanías became independent nations Yeats after Independence. Foreign powers like the UK supported some independentist movements so the new, countries could open their markets to British exports
@@ahoraya1047 Thanks for your help. I’ve been trying to unravel this. I never realized how complicated it all was. Why were criollos treated as second to peninsulares? They were still 100% Spanish. Weren’t they just the progeny of Spanish land owners in the territories?
Yes, the Spanish colonies were counter as official parts of the kingdom. they had the same laws, currency and many other things. Imagine all the Spanish colonies as part of mainland Spain
Hi Tom, I just bought and downloaded the APUSH slides bundle 1 but I found that the slides you sell in the bundle don't cover the whole 9 periods as required by CB, may I know where can I get the rest?
All good except the part where you say that the Spanish empire didn’t create big cities, they did, which at the end of the 18th century were more advance and populated in comparison to the British colonies.
Spanish conservatives are always weary of Americans trying to push forward how bad was the "Black legend". Conservatives claim that, as early as 1512, fair treatment and non-slavery was already issued by the catholic kings and thus the idea of exploitation and slavery, particularly if compared to american, shall be considered differently. Same with the spanish-american war of 1898, which started with a massive propaganda campaign in America, something at which americans truly excel today, rethorical use of language. I'd like to see if some historian has made a religious historical case for how protestantism (which often tended to rely upon clavinist predestination principles) and catholicism influenced colonial laws and actions.
The main motivation was survival. The existential Islamic threat was very real. This time coming from the Turks in the east, who btw had blocked trade routes with Asia. Portugal had created a trade route around Africa. Spain wanted in on the lucrative trade in spices, and they didn't give up until they had one. (They eventually completed the Silk Road by creating a trading base with China in Manila.) But if Spain hadn't discovered America, they would have probably reached Jerusalem. Castile more than anything wanted to created Christian kingdoms, to avoid being encircled by Islam.
De las casas never exaggerated any claim . He did worst things himself. Travel a bit . Somethings were written then later burned. Just like Bart d’ House burned most of the Maya culture and knowledge during his stay in Yucatán and now day Quintana Roo .
mainly to civilize peoples that decapitate and take out the hearts of hundreds of children daily from neighboring tribes, also spread of catholicism and the proud of spain
Spain wasn't a colonizator country. The colonization concept is more modern, from XIX century. The fact is that huge ammount of mestizos, because all of the european spanish, american spanish, asian spanish or african spanish, were spanish, citizens from the same country, with the same laws and rights. That's why in all the countries that were part of the spanish empire, there are millions of natives and mestizos. That's why in Venezuela, Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, Nicaragua.... most of population is native and mestizo.
I love History. I know history has always been written and changed by the winners and the powers that be, so it is subjective. History is called history because of the Greek named Historius. He put a lot of the Greek Mythology into a book. I have the modern one. Your channel is very interesting. Can you do more on the roots and first centuries of the Catholic Church. I think the Roman Senate and rich are the ones to start this because they lost power over the remainder of eastern Rome to the Pretorian Guard. They faded into the shadows. They had been killing Christians for centuries. If you can't beat them, join them, and control them. What do you think of this?
i know i'm a little bit late to the partyy, but i just anted to mention that "Conquistadors" is not how you spell it in spanish, it is Spelled Conquistadores in plural an Conquistador in singular.
Sent kids home for their first Short Answer exam. Sending them links hoping it will help. :) We share our name. I'm having a hard time convincing them we're not related.
This interesting in latin america spaniards mix like crazy with the natives it wasnt a bad thing as catholics, but in the protestant religion wich were english and mainly UK ancestry were not mixing like the spaniards, thats why there is more racism in United States than in Latin America, because it was a culture influenced by English protestant and their followers, even after the revolution war that made the U.S a little mean racist country with power is ok just a observant in history wich im already active in, but knowledge is power whether is from the adversarial or supportive side 😉
a lot of "what if" scenarios. But a lot of ppl in the history community say that Aztecs oppressed the surrounding Amerindians and that's why some of them allied with the Spanish against them.
God, glory and gold? Although I can see where all that is coming from, the way you say it makes it sound as if the spaniards were just a bunch of greedy fanatics... as is the rule with most of the anglosaxon historiography on the subject. It's but an huge oversimplification of a much more complex political context (at least you mention that de las Casas was biased, unlike your fellow youtuber John Green). Being an oversimplification would be understandable for 10 minutes history videos if they did not seem to systematically focus on the negative aspects. Ask yourself why every documentary about the Romans, the Egyptians or even the British makes the viewer think of them as advanced, legendary civilizations despite esclavism, repression or bloody conquests yet with the spaniards it's always about enforcing the image of gold-digging, violent, religious fanatics, as if during the 150 years they ruled over half the world they did nothing but burn witches... That's your Black Legend right there.
Probably because the invading Spanish were bloodthirsty and violent? It had nothing to do with democracy. The natives were robbed blind, had their lands stolen and themselves forced to submit to the foreign invasion. The first thing they did on landing was bringing the Inquisition with them. How can you justify mass executions, murders, tortures andforced conversion? The Spanish in the new world were no better than Isis today.
The Romans were an advanced, legendary civilization and Spain had one of the greatest colonial empires in the history. Were there atrocities and terrible things involved? Of course, in both cases! I don't know where you'd get a documentary describing Romans as innocent heroes fighting for the good side. They were conquerors, nobody denies it and everybody knows what that means. That being said, there is a conqueror and then there is a conqueror. Spain was ultra-Catholic at the peak of it's power. It's ruler tried to impose his religion on peoples far beyond Iberian Peninsula (and i'm not even talking about overseas). Was burning witches all they did? No. Was it something they did? Hell yes! Were they alone in this? Hell no. Does that make it excusable? Fuck no! No great empire ever existed without having it's faults, but there is a scale and some empires were more tolerant towards their subjects than others. Some much more. And i'd advise against this mindset of "Anglo-Saxons are out there making propaganda to make Spanish/any other population look bad". It's silly. Point me to one modern person who considers having an Anglo-Saxon heritage a significant factor of their life. It's not a thing and it makes you shift dangerously to the conspiracy theorist side; and that's not a good side to go to no matter what the subject is.
@@ColumRogers that is a super simplistic way to describe history of this continent. So what are those nstives that could go to school, to university, be coronel in the army, generals, those nstives who had.tje monopoly of the meat distribution in south America, noble natives... Come on man
