Superior vena cava and the azygos system clinical anatomy - SVC obstruction (oncology emergency) 

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"The SVC is a valveless, thin walled low pressure tube that drains deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body including the head, arms and thoracic wall into the right atrium of the heart. The right atrium also drains the inferior vena cava. Which contains valves to prevent backflow.
The superior vena cava (SVC) is a large valveless venous channel formed by the union of the brachiocephalic veins. The brachiocephalic veins are formed at the confluence of the subclavian and internal jugular veins.
Patients with an obstructed SVC are unable to drain blood efficiently from the upper limb, neck and face. As a result they can present with symptoms and signs of headache, swollen face, cyanosis, dyspnoea. These symptoms and sign are typically due to a lung mass partially occluding the SVC"
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