Tafseer of Surah Humazah, the 104th Surah of the Qu'ran, by Nouman Ali Khan of the Bayyinah Institute To download more lectures go to bayyinah.com/po...
Hello, I dreamed a young man twenty five years who passed away just recently, he was standing and facing me I was crying when I saw him then I told him what do you want to tell your mom since your going, he said tell her alfatra and humazah. Please tell me what's the meaning of that. Thanks a lot.
🔴NOTES FROM THIS EPISODE 🔴CONNECTIVITY OF SURAHS Three surahs are closely connected to each other including this surah: °surah asr °surah takathur °surah humaza The gist of surah takathur was the declaration made by Allah s.w.t that human beings are essentially distracted and the only time their distraction comes to an end is when they pretty much go to thier graves So the idea is 'dont be distracted you don't have much time so Wake Up Now!. And that is the fundamental lesson of surah asr. But if u r not able to avail that time then distraction is ahead of you and the worst of it is described in this surah (surah humaza). So it is connected logically to these surahs In surah asr, the main ayyah, the main thesis of that surah was it's second ayyah 'indeed humanity is in great loss' so that great loss' is described in this surah (surah humaza). According to some scholarly accounts, hellfire is described in this surah like no surah else. It's kind of the scariest description of hellfire. Why ? because in this surah while describing hellfire Allah s.w.t says "NAR-UL-LLAHI" 'Fire of Allah' and when you say f'ire of Allah' instead of just 'fire' or 'fire of hell' then that's an incomparable fire. It's by the ALLAH, the king of kings. So this phrase is a scary phrase. And this phrase makes this surah has the scariest possible description of hellfire in the Quran. 🔸this is the final surah in juzz 'ama that talks about hellfire and it's description. The other ten surahs coming does not talk about hellfire directly. So it's the last surah in the order of Quranic surahs that talk about this subject, so this subject coming to its climatic end with a powerful description in this surah. 🔴 1st AYYAH ⏩Wail ویل This words comes 27 times in the Quran, 10 of those times it comes in surah mursalat alone. This surah is one of the surahs which starts with this word. 🔸suras that start with this words are: surah mutafifeen, humaza (this one) and in both if these surahs Allah s.w.t talks about the same corrupt personality (greed). -In surah humaza: ٱلَّذِى جَمَعَ مَالًۭا وَعَدَّدَهُۥ ٢ Who ammases wealth greadily and counts it repeatedly -in surah mutafifeen: ٱلَّذِينَ إِذَا ٱكْتَالُوا۟ عَلَى ٱلنَّاسِ يَسْتَوْفُونَ ٢ Those who take full measure ˹when they buy˺ from people, وَإِذَا كَالُوهُمْ أَو وَّزَنُوهُمْ يُخْسِرُونَ ٣ but give less when they measure or weigh for buyers. In both of these surahs, greed is mentioned. This is a parallel between these surahs 🔻ORIGIN OF WORD 'WAIL' Wail was originally the word wai (without the L at the end) this L later became the part of this word because people used to say this word in a phrase 'wai li foolani' wail for/upon so and so. The 'li' in the phrase is a harf of jarr. If u say 'wai laka' it means wail on you. So the Arabs back then used to use this word a lot with this phrase that the words itself became wail. The L in the phrase got attached to it. Wai became wail Wai la ka = is usee on surah ahqaf Wai ka Anna = is used in surah qasas 🔻 DIFFERENT PURPOSE OF USING WAIL 1: showing ta'suf (sadness frustration) like if a parent was really sad and frustrated that his kid has lost his faith he used to say 'wai li nameOfKid' in ancient arab. so obviously wail is used for showing frustration and sadness. So Allah s.w.t is extremely angry. 2: showing hasra (regret over something that can't be recovered/ crying over spilled milk).this means that Those people against whom this word is used, they are a point if no return. They can only feel hasrah, they can't go back. Like crying over spilled milk ⏩ HUMAZA AND LUMAZA 🔻FROM 'SARF' POINT OF VIEW When words are same we can make a parallel between them in arabic. This happens in short surahs especially The word humaza is same as 'lumaza' and 'hutama'. These both are words of Arabic language. Allah s.w.t has used the word 'hutama' at the end of this surah: 'kalla la yum bazanna fil HUTAMA' 'wa ma adra ka mal HUTAMMA' PARALLEL IN THOSE WORDS: 1: these three words has 'kasrah' in them, which means it has to do with something that happens a lot 2: In Arabic lexicons and things like that these words are considered 'Qareeb ul ma'na' (Close to the meaning ). According to imam Razi 'humaza' is done behind someone's back (which we also call gheeba) while lumaza is someone who insults them to thier face. (Which is also a bad thing, gheeba and insulting/humiliating someone in public are both bad traits). IMAM RAZI's side note: Muslims have become a deteriorated society, when four group of frnds are sitting and talking and the fifth one is not there, all four will do huamz/gheeba (backbiting) of the fifth. As and soon as someone among them also leave, now all three will do backbiting of the number four now. Or sometimes not even backbiting, they will insult/humiliate the fourth on his face (lumaza) and call it 'ahh we are just frnds having fun bro' No! That's wrong, if these types of things are not done by frnds then by who? Teacher? Boss? Parents? No, bad friends usually so this in the name of 'friendship'. And it happens a lot, hence the word implies that it happens quite a bit (kasrah point /point 1 in parallel) 🔻WHEN DOES A PERSON BUILDS A HABIT OF HUMUZ AND LUMUZ basically when they have no sense of higher purpose. They dont have thier mind busy with something higher. That's when they start wasting thier time and energy backbiting and insulting ppl on thier faces. They stop being aware of the flwas in themselves and start finding flwas in others and then group around and gossip (with frnds and neighbors). So having a sense of higher purpose is important to avoid these bad behaviours. What's the highers purpose? ان الانسان لفی خسر (surah asr) that's something all of us should be worried about and put our minds into, this is the primary concern. And have our purpose to be from those among الا الذين امنوا ......... (Surah asr next whole ayya) This is the primary remedy Urdu: اوروں کی عظمت کیا جا نیں کم ظرف جو انسان خد ہوتے ہیں Translation: The humans who are less in characted how can they appreciate the noble characters of others. 🔻
🔻 KASR and TA'N ZAMAKSHARI R.H COMMENTS: Al humuz is KASR KASR: it is used in arabic. KASR means to break something. In literature, KASR means to say something that breaks someone mentally/psychologically. The are fracturing other person's self worth etc. so humuz is kasr TA'n = sarcasm LUMUZ is al-TA'N it is sarcasm Making fun of someone. Like calling someone a 'genius' at a situation where it is used for the purpose of insulting someone and basically calling them an idiot 🔻SARF ON HUMAZA AND LUMAZA The pattern of this word is 'fu'ala' (hu maza, lu maza) This pattern means that there is continuity in his actions. It's just habit now to insult and backbite. CURSING SOMEONE AND MAKING FUN OF SOMEONE, is also included. Laughing at someone and smiling is a different thing. Laughing at someone (making fun of someone and then laugh at them) is also included Wail is a word used to condemn someone. Wail is a used used for stiffness and The feeling of a person who has been insulted by someone many times is in on itself wail ویل. Just that feeling of hurt someone feels after someone insulted them is also wail. 🔻ALLAH S.W.T IS USING WAIL FOR THAT PERSON in this surah, in this case, it's not someone who is using wail against a person, it's ALLAH S.W.T! how scary! How bad of this habit must be that Allah s.w.t use wail against that person. 🔻In the word wail there is a word that depicts ugliness. waiS (with an S at the end) is the word used to make someone feel little (to minimize thier standard in society) Sot Allah s.w.t used this word to show the ugliness if this act (humaza, lumaza). According to the researchers, this wail is for everyone who does this act. Yet, there were specific examples for this ayyah in the times of prophet s a w. - Like we know from narrations: Waleed ibnu mugeera OR akhr ibn shuraiq he used to backbite and insult ppl and blame and he did something particularly in the matter of prophet Muhammad ﷺ.. -Muffasir also said that humaza and lumaza also include comedy/ a person who always makes fun of others. Comedy is basically shamelessness and making fun of other nations, ppl, thier accents etc and that's exactly what the muffasir would include in the word humaza and lumaza so this type of behavior is also included in these words -Insulting someone constantly (this behavior is also included) 🔻COMMENTARY OF IBN ABBAS Humaza is 'Al mugdaad' a person who does gheeba (back biting) Lumaza is 'al 'ayyaan' a person who points out flaws 🔻ABU ZAID humaza is a person who harns people with his hands Humaza is a person who harms people with his tounge 🔻ABU 'ALIYA humaza is done at the face Lumaza is done behind the back 🔻4TH OPINION humaza is done openly Lumaza is done secretly 🔻5th OPINION Humaza and lumaza includes those who calls ppl with words, titles and attributions which they don't like. Waleed bin mugeera was known for doing this. 🔻6TH OPINIONS humaza is the one who makes fun of the person he is sitting next to and he is constantly trying to break him and he looks at him with a condescending eye (so even looks matter, facial expressions come in this word too). STORY IF WALEED IBN MUGEERA: he was a great poet so the QURAISH (enemy of prophet s.a.w) sent him to 'analyze' prophet Muhammad's message ﷺ (meaning Quran) because they thought that Quran is just poetry that Muhammad ﷺ is making up (na'uzu billah) so he went to prophet s.a.w and strated listening to Quran and he immediately knew that this msg is not poetry it is the truth but to admitting to it would come down to his 'ego' so to hide his fascination for the Quran he actually started making up faces, staring at prophet Muhammad ﷺ with arrogance, frowning etc to put him down and make him feel 'little' (astagfirullah ). And said 'uhh its just magic) So that the story of Waleed IBN mugeera. That why he was mentioned in this tafseer a lot. 🔻IBN ABBAS 7TH opinion/interpretation He r.a said that these are the people who constantly go out and make divisions between the people who love each other. Those who are constantly describing people in a condescending tones, constantly describing people with flaws eg:('oh u r talking about that really short one?/annoying one?") 🔻IMAM RAZI All of these description that are being offered are very close to one other they all come back to one essential concept: 1: condescending sarcasm 2: exposing some body's flaws IT CAN HAPPEN IN MANY WAYS : when someone actually puts an effort in putting others down (humaza, lumaza) : jealousy : it can happen playfully : it can happen in any matter that has to do with relegion (like making fun of someone's relegious behaviour like wearing hijab, jilbab or having a beard ). :making fun of someone's appearance or the way they walk or sit or in the company they sit. THESE THINGS can happen by using words, gesture of eyes or hands etc and ALL of this is included in what Allah forbids and what Allah scolds these people on. 🔻WHY would ALLAH s.w.t use such heavy language? Because according to narrations we know that this was talking about Waleed IBN mugeera cz he made fun of prophet Muhammad ﷺ. And Allah s.w.t loves prophet Muhammad ﷺ a lot, so this is a great thing Waleed did as far as Allah s.w.t is concerned. That's why Allah s.w.t used such heavy language. 🔻WHY NO 'AL' ON WAIL grammar: The word wail is raf' (mubtadee) and it's nakirah nor ma'rifa. (Nakirah=without Al) Why? Because having no Al in a jumla ismia (noun tense) means the word wail is informative speech as well as emotional speech (khabariyya and inshaiya ) if it was Al it would only mean that it is a fact that wail is upon those ppl but now (with out Al) it becomes a fact as well as a prayer "may the curse" be on those.... So both plmeaning are included, it's a fact as well as a prayer 🔻WAIL the lowest pit of hellfire Wail, according to some narration is a lowest pit of hellfire even wail itself ask protection of Allah from itself, it's that scary. And in this ayyah is says wail is for humaza and lumaza. 🔻IBN KEESAAN: humaza: a person who harms the people sitting around him with the worst kind of words Lumaza:the one who passes his eyes over the ppl he is sitting around (winking etc) or he points at ppl with hands or facial gesture even when he is not in his company. But the first meaning (the one who makes fun of ppl with words) is the most obvious.
🔻THE CONSTRUCTION OF FU'ALA It illustrates not magnitude but it illustrates multifold, something happening over and over again. Meaning, he does this often 🔻RAF' FORM INSTEAD OF NASB (WAILUN) FADEL SALEH AS-SAMARAI: if the word wail was NASB it would indicate that the sentence is jumla fi'lia (verb sentence) But wail being marfoo' means that this is jumla ismia (noun tense). BENEFIT: °Because this is destruction that is permanent and it will never cease (bcz jumla ismia has permanent connotations while jumla fi'lia has temporary connotations. And Allah s.w.t uses jumla ismia here) °the ending of the surah 'inaha alaihim mu'sada" matches with the ismia form of humaza and lumaza. If the were to be NASB, it would not have been as matched as with jumla ismia with the ending of this surah 🔻FEMININE Ta marboota? FADIL SALEH AS SAMARAI: This ta marboota at the end (humazaTIN, lumazaTIN ; the TIN sound at the end is ta marboota). This 'ta marboota' is not here bcz the word is feminine but it is to hyperbolize the words. (To empower the word). This 'ta marboota' can also be used to allude to 'plenty' or 'happens quite a bit' . Like in arabic ALLAM علام is a person of a lot knowledge but ALLAMAH علامة (with a round ta marboota' at the end) means a person of even more knowledge. This is to show hyperbole. 🔻ROOT MEANING OF HUMAZA AND LUMAZA Humaza yahmizu = means to poke someone with a sharp object Mihmaz = spikes used on the shoes of a horse rider (so when the horse slows down they kick the horse with thier shoe and horse starts running instead of slowing down) Auzubika min Hamaztin shayatin = I seek your refuge from the poking/disturbing/annoying of shayateen. (Ayyah of Quran). Humaza= those who are constantly engaged In annoying peoples, poke at them, disturbs them. They don't stop until a person sees that they poked. Until the person sees it mission is not accomplished and so they keep going and going. LUMAZA. Lamaza yamlizu = to be on someone's case to find a flaw. (To stay on someone's case constantly until you find something to criticize and humiliate them) Lamazahu = he gestured at someone with his eyes, head and hands. Also means He spoke evil of him. Yaghtabuhum = backbiting again someone DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HUMAZA AND HAMMAZ °Origin of Humaza = humaz It's from the pattern of hyperbole °Linguists say: That which has been hyperbolized with an extra 'ta' illustrates the far extreme of an attribute and that they are engulfed completely in fulfilling that attribute. E.g : alqiyammah, Al sakhah The most extreme form of standing is not qiyam قیام, it's qiyammah قيامة. Similarly, These attributes are used at thier most extreme. °This extra 'ta' at the end is used to take these words to the nth degree in hyperbole. 🔻WHY SUCH STRONG LANGUAGE? This surah is the final discussion on hellfire so every thing is mentioned in the most final climactic of forms. So it's appropriate that such climactic forms are used :humaza, lumaza and HUTAMA. And the people who deserve the worst punishment must be doing the worst humaza and lumaza, hence these forms are justified. HUTAMA is in the same pattern and it is only appropriate that the punishment be in the same pattern as the crime that is committed 🔻 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HAMAZ AND HUMAZA (both words are used in Quran) The pattern FA'AAL is used to show professional skills of someone, like the on who is really good at gift giving is called wahab. Khabbaz means a person who is a really good baker. HAMMAZ = professional at backbiting, making fun, finding flwas etc. he has professional excellence at it. It is used in surah qalam. According to FADEL Saleh as SAMARAI: surah qalam predominantly covers the dealing with people, and when talking about dealing with people over and over again this pattern is more beneficial ONE PARALLEL in between these two words: When humaza is mentioned 'maal' (money) is mentioned in the surah. When HAMMAZ is mentioned 'maal' (money) is also mentioned. HUMAZA was to show thier nth degree HAMMAZ is used to talk about the professionals among them who talked ill of the prophet s.a.w, made fun of him etc
