@@spcxplrr I'm not a flat earther, Unfortunately, Second, search what is Blue Marble Image and what Google Earth is using right now, I made it clear that the purpose of that is to make an Satellite View of the Earth without the obstruction you would find naturally, Read twice and don't be a jerk
Yeah, I was shocked by that. Wasn't sure if it was a weird map or everything I knew was wrong. It feels like they share more in common with SE Asia than, say, Taiwan.
North Korea is like that kid in the East Asia family they don't like to talk about. "So, how is North Korea doing?". "Oh, they're still finding themselves..." lol
@@Pining_for_the_fjords Yes, let's just blame everything on communism and socialism instead of what the actual problem is that isn't allowing these socialist countries to actually prosper. Anti-communist propaganda is an actual disease.
With Australia, Western Australia was the first discovered but Sydney was the first settled by europeans as the east coast is more suitable for living. Also a fun fact Melbourne was founded by a guy named John Batman.
@@beaukennedy4618 People from Sulawesi already sail to Northern Australia to do fishing and trade with native Australian Aborigin since 1700, way before European came. National Museum of Australia acknowledge the fact.
3:06 why is the Philippines not in South-east Asia? We are alot more similar to them then we are to east-asia be climate (tropical hot), culturally (the somewhat related language), and historically (also colonised).
@@muhammadfatihakramsalim5015 except non actually do, most of them were colonized by either the british, the dutch or the french, some with a history colonized by the portugeuse before that,the rest are colonized by the america/japan ,non of them usually have 3 colonizer,left along more than 3
@@muhammadfatihakramsalim5015 but even with them it doesnt make any of them go above 3, also spanish only colonized philippines for a while before america took over(which arguably is not colonization because there were plans to make it a state like how hawaii eventually did )
23:23 Southamerican here. I think you got it mixed up. I've never heard anyone here complaining that people call us "South Americans" (at least not in Peru nor the spanish-speaking side of the internet). What i actually see (and you could say is kind of common) is that South americans (, Central Americans and Mexico as well) tend to complain when people refer to the United States as "America" since it sounds quite pretentious to take the name of the whole continent and use it to name just a single country after it. It has to do with antiimperialism sentiment and the fact that historically the US tends to treat the rest of the continent (aside from Canada) not so well and all that stuff. Personally I can't say i share the sentiment but i understand the reasoning behind it (although i dont think we will get anything out of people stop refering to the US as "America" lol).
Canada and the US should just unify already so the country can be called Anglo America and the name of the people becomes "anglo americans". Quebec can be independent, of course. Problem solved!
Fun Historical Fact: references to "Asia" in the Ancient and Classical periods almost always referred to SW Asia - that is to say, the exact part of Asia that Toycat feels weird referring to as "Asia."
You could divide Antarctica by penguin presence and other kinds of species since they're the ones that actually live there and have for thousands of years as well as being culturally tied to the area. Dividing it by human presence is sort of life dividing Asia's culture through types of tourists in each nation or area.
ik i was like Kenya and even Tanzania ranks higher than Ethiopia and so does Djibouti . Uganda is alright . the only real problem is Somalia and Eritrea
I'm interested to see how the East African Federation turns out if it becomes a full country. Kenya is a member state of the East African Community and by extension the EAF if it becomes an actual thing.
Well, I'm Aussie. We have no such delusions. Australia is both a continent and a country. A continent is a large continuous expanse of land and as such Oceania can't be a continent because it's got shitloads of water. *Ocean* -ia. To teach Australia is Oceania defies logic and try telling a Kiwi they are from the same continent as an Aussie and you'll get ya head bitten off. There are really only 3 inhabited continents. AfriEurAsia, the Americas and Australia.
actUALLy! you said "could you imagine siberia being hot?" but if we ignore winter then yes i could and would imagine, because during summer it easily gets +40 celsius anyways, good video!!!!!!
@@Fralther39 No, that's about right. There are tons of temperate land in Siberia that could be used for agriculture and such. Most of such land bordering China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan etc. You have to consider that most of this border region is about as south as London, or more southern than all of Denmark is
Ok, about Europe, here's how it goes: - 🇬🇧🇮🇪British Isles are Western Europe (an independent Scotland would be Northern, maybe, but your mild winters are very far from REAL cold) -🇩🇪🇦🇹🇵🇱Cental Europe is the "germanosphere" the land that was trough out it's history deeply influenced (aka conquered) by the German Empires (prussians and the Habsburgs) so it includes: Germany, Austria, the V4 (Poland, Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary), Transylvania (Romania is in the crossroads of three different regions, it's impossible to group it in only one) Slovenia surely and maybe even Croatia) -🇪🇪🇱🇻🇱🇹The Baltic states are Northern, they might not be scandinavian, but they are surely Northern -🇷🇺Eastern Europe is the "Russosphere", like Central Europe, but dominated by the Russians, do basically the former Soviet Union (with the exception of the Baltics that even the Russians couldn't "easternise") Russia, Belarus, Ukrain, Moldova. -🇷🇸🇧🇬The Balcans are a separate region, from Bosnia to Bulgaria, north from Greece, and I would include here the southern part of Romania, Wallachia. -So to conclude, the six regions/subcontinents of Europe is Western, Eastern, Central, Northern, Southern, and the Balkans
@@felixmihai7976 Sure, I don't wish to devide it either, but it's hard to put it just in one region. You can find tremendous changes between east and west, north and south there ... I guess if I would have to group it in a single region, I would choose the Balkans. The former Wallachia is, where the capital is located, and Romanians share the trauma of centuries of fighting against Osman occupation with the Bulgars and the Serbs.
I swear these maps are pretty shit. They’re often forgetting countries or using political borders inaccurately or just messing things up in general. Notice how they forget The Gambia in Africa, they put Turkish Thrace in Asia, West Papua and the Moluccas in Asia and how the Estonian islands were on a seperate subcontinent from the mainland. It’s also pretty poor how each of the subcontinent’s is just defined by north south east and west. Some more appropriate names and regions could have been drawn up, such as the Balkans, Scandinavia, Iberia and Baltics in Europe and some such as the Sud, Sahel, Horn and more in Africa. Also also, Australia is only a continent by geographical terms, referring to solely the Australian landmass. Australasia refers to Australia, Papua and New Zealand, often some closer Melanesian islands too. Sahul refers to the combined landmass of Australia and Papua on the Australian plate, specifically when they were joined during the last ice age. Oceania refers to the whole lot as one.
Good sir Ibx2cat, The Philippines as a country is far from the east asian sphere that includes china, japan, taiwan, mongolia, north and south korea. And in actuality the philippines is a southeast asian from, climate, culture, ties in history, geography, languages, and in race. As a Filipino I would just like to correct the mistake of the map in that factor. But I really like your work please keep up the good work.
Generally agree with you but Taiwan is the origin of most filipino languages... You could argue that without the chinese civil war Taiwan would also be SE asia, or that the philippines are kind of east asia.
@@szurketaltos2693Good sir or Madam I do agree on you with the first point, that the indigenous taiwanese language is the ancestor of the malay language group. But I don't agree on the statement "without the chinese civil war Taiwan would also be Southeast Asian, or that the Philippines will be kind of be East Asian". The Island of Formosa/Taiwan is the origin point of the Austronesian peoples from the Pacific Islands, Oceania, Madagascar, and Maritime Southeast Asia. But the problem with the statement above is that it leaves out the history between the two. Taiwan could have been part of Southeast Asia, but not because of the Chinese colonization of Taiwan. While the philippines could never be part of East Asia. Taiwan as a state can't be part of Southeast Asia, because of the Chinese colonization and sinicization, because starting from 17th century when the Chinese did mass migrations into Taiwan but they were already sending people and expeditions from the 3rd and sinicization of the taiwanese population and even more during the 7th century. The sinicization caused the indigenous Taiwanese to lose their identities as their tribe slowly while the colonization caused a increase and addition of Han population and culture to the Taiwanese regions. As such by the modern era the state we call Taiwan is more Chinese then it is Indigenous therefore it could have been part of Southeast Asia but it wasn't because its majority culture is far to distinct and different to the rest of the Southeast Asian Nations. While the Philippines could only be Southeast Asian, all because the majority population retained their culture. the Philippines did have a huge Chinese population but those were relatively new well most of them at least, but not all, the Filipino people had a lot of intercultural marriages and a lot of Filipino have Chinese blood but the main difference is that the Chinese culture was not integrated into the Filipino Society and the Filipino Culture managed to keep itself in the majority and as well as made the early Chinese population adapt to the culture rather than the Filipinos to adapt to their culture. Taiwan's culture had become mostly very Chinese like and the only a few retained their original culture such as the Ami, Atayal, Paiwan, Bunun, Puyuma, Rukai, Tsoa, Saisiyat, Thao, Kavalan, Sakizaya, Tao/Yami,and the Taroko/Truku. I'd say only those tribes can be called Southeast Asian, due to their similarity to the rest of Southeast Asian culture and customs while the rest or the majority of the population would be more Han therefore more East Asian. But there have been other states that had been part, colonized, or consider themselves Chinese but are part of Southeast Asia particularly Vietnam why is that? Well to clarify Vietnam is part of Southeast Asia due the fact that Vietnam had been retaining their Traditions even when they consider themselves Chinese. Vietnam at least Northern Vietnam had a lot of influence from Chinese culture but they integrated it into their Original traditions making new reasons the Tradition had to be kept but in essence was still the same, while the Southern Vietnam kept their traditions against everyone that tried to take it away from them. Even When the Vietnamese Kings, Particularly, the Northern Kings called themselves Han the Population was still Vietnamese. That is the reason why the Vietnamese are part of Southeast Asia. Also please note the difference between mainland Southeast Asia and Maritime Southeast Asia. Mainland Southeast Asia is from the Hmong-Mien/Sino-Tibetan/Kra-Dai/Miao-Yao language family while maritime Southeast Asia is from the Austronesian Language Family. the Main reason as to why they are not separated is due to the cultural connection both families have to the tribes of pre-chinese culture South China that connection being that both are from that Baiyue/Yue tribes that lived in Northern Vietnam and Southern China before they were displaced and assimilated into the Chinese culture as the Han peoples expanded. I can also give you citations from books historians made good sir to give affirmation to the information to my statements above. Would you like the citations good sir or Madam?
@@Lukas-fy3xz that would make sense, if Corsica wasn't culturally more Italian and closer to Italy. I'm guessing the logic in the map is that everything in the Baltic Sea is for some reason Northern Europe, even though it literally makes no sense since Saaremaa and Hiiumaa are a part of Estonia and culturally Estonian. Also doesn't explain the disappearance of Ahvenanmaa.
@@sefhammer6276 you can categorize geographical locations however you'd like, just saying that the categorization here could be better, in my opinion anyways edit: Also, you refer to the fact that subcontinents can be based on geography, but I would think that according to geography the whole of Estonia should be a part of Northern Europe, not just the islands, or vise-versa. I thought the purpose of the video was to better categorize geographical areas, so separating the islands from the rest of Estonia and grouping them with the nordic countries seems weird to me
It’s pretty disappointing to hear “we won’t spend much time on this” when you get to Africa. It would have been good to. Like you call North Africa rich and full of civilization, but ignore that the two richest countries on the continent are Nigeria (which is also the most populous with one of the world’s fastest growing mega-cities) and South Africa. You say that civilization is mostly in the North, but don’t even utter a word about the old civilizations of Eastern Africa (especially in the Horn), the Nok in Nigeria, or the various medieval kingdoms of the Sahel (not even a mention of the famous Timbuktu). Like I get that Western schools do a bad job of teaching these things, but I’d expect a geography and history nut to show a bit more care here.
while the sahel regions were incredibly wealthy & had fantastically deep cultures they weren't exactly great inovators of science & civilisation so far as we know, the Nok are a huge question mark in the current day
The Philippines ain’t in East Asia doe… PH is literally a founding member of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) but since China is kinda invading us, you can argue its East Asia 🤣
You got it wrong lad, we South Americas don't get annoyed by being called South Americans. There are some people, Latin American people, that get annoyed when "America" is used exclusively for the US. Also, a perfect way to divide South America is this; Southern Cone: Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay. Andean Countries: Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia. Caribbean S.A: Colombia, Venezuela. The Guyanas: Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana. Brazil... is alone. It's fun to see a brit butcher geography.
South American "subcontinents" correspond pretty well with the colonial viceroyalties. "The rest" as you called it was called New Granada. Argentina et al was Rio De La Plata
22:46 everything good until here... so you separate very similar parts of the US and Canada but lump Mexico and Central America into one as if we were all the same?
As a Brazilian I tell you there are six continents (five inhabited): America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania and Antartica. A person born in America is American; one born in the United States is Usonian.
About Brazil being just one sub continent: actually every single part of brazil is different then the others, especialy the southern states, wich are much more like Argentina
There's a lot of minority nations in France. The Occitans, Catalans and Basque in the South are closer to Spain and Italy, but the Alsatians are closer to Germany.
The subcontinents of America are.... South, North and Central America. But if you insist on dividing South America the easiest way would be a North coast to the Caribbean (divided by the Amazon rainforest), an East coast to the Pacific (shielded by the Andes), the western coast towards the South Atlantic (including most of the western lands) and the highlands of the Andes themselves.
What are they. You established that the Americas is one. Then we have Eurasia, Africa, Australia/Oceania and Antarctica. That's five, and that's keeping Africa separate from Eurasia. What's the sixth continent? Zealandia?
@@yoironfistbro8128 The division of a continental is based on culture. Europe’s division is based on Roman Empire and Greeks. While, Asia is based on ancient empires, Chinese, Indian, Arab, Persian, etc empires. Oceanía while is not located in a tectonic plate, they share similar culture, the austronesian from east. Us, Americans, came from east Siberia since 24 000 years. Our complexion is dark brown and red skin and our religions is based on nature. Africa is based on their skin color sub Saharan kingdoms and confederations. In contrast, the Berbers don’t share that much culture with black Africans.
If you include Turkey in the Middle East and say the Middle East is extremely hot, then you are extremely wrong. If you ever went to Central Anatolia, Eastern Anatolia, or the Black Sea Region of Turkey then you'd know it's very cold, sometimes extremely cold. For example, the city of Erzurum's record low is −37.0 degrees celsius which is 22 degrees lower than Edinburgh's record low, a degree lower than St. Petersburgh's record low, and 17 degrees lower than Oslo's record low.
@@eavocado5890pppj i definitely have to agree. They all base it off of the fact that they see there’s desert and the camel cliche and that automatically it’s some sort of death ray region. And to add to the original commenter, the levant gets pretty cold at times as well. And even that aside it’s actually snowed in the peninsula, etc.
@@eavocado5890pppj Honestly though I think these stereotypes follow every country. The lowest recorded temperature in India is -60°C but most people just assume India is entirely hot & humid.
Besides the Gulf and Egypt, all countries in the "middle east" are cold during the year, extremely cold in the winter. The "middle east" in general is an oriental and colonial term, the middle east isn't a thing, the Arab countries of the region are related to the Arab countries in North Africa, not Turkey, Cyprus or Iran, and Iran isn't similar to any country in the region, and if talking geographically, it doesn't make sense countries around the Red Sea are understandable to have a geographical term to describe them, but the rest of countries have nothing to do with it. I prefer to use the "Near East" or sometimes the "Mediterranean and Red Sea" dominion, which include West Asia, East Africa, North Africa and Southern Europe, when talking from a cultural view point as an area of influence, which connects Greek and Rome to their natural historical area of influence by Egypt and Mesopotamia instead of calling them European when Europe wasn't a thing and most of the people to the north, east and west of Rome and Greece were barbarians, and geographically, West Asia is more accurate.
South America would probably be devided into north, south and Brazil North: Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Equador, Peru, Panama South: Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay And Brazil
I would extend toycat division: 1. amazon for all the north region, 2. andes for the west coast regions, 3. pampas/patagonia for the south, argentina, uruguay and southern brazil, and 4. cerrado for the rest of brazil, paraguay and northern argentina. I'm oversimplifying but it's just for fun :D
Love how you just drop this "Antarctica is an archipelago" bomb at the end and just breeze on! I thought I was fairly geographically savvy, but I had no idea about that. You learn something new everyday, I suppose!
Yeah but his statement that it's not even a continent is pretty inaccurate. Right now, the main island of that "archipelago" would be Australia sized, and the plate beneath is a continental plate, they're not islands on an oceanic plate. In pre-history, Antarctica was almost always solid landmass, and the only reason large parts of the land surface are just below sea level right now is because of the kilometers thick ice sheet on weighing it down. If the ice melted, there would be a rebound effect that would result in it coming above water as the natural state of things.
@@panner11 yeah, I ignored the bit about it not being a continent. But you have some good points. I'd never given it much thought before, but it's all pretty interesting.
7:33 It's not called a sea because it's international. It's called a sea because the Caspian Sea is saltwater. It's still a misnomer because it is a saltwater lake and not a true sea, but the name is tied to its saltiness. The freshwater great lakes and lake Victoria are international as well but still called lakes. And the Salton sea is a non-international saltwater lake but still called a sea.
It just occured to me that my english comprehension is quite good since I understand everything you say! Thanks for the free advanced english lessons ! Ps : dont get me wrong your prononciation is impressive it’s just the tempo
@@quidam_surprise haha blame anglos for everything, your just jealous that the USA aka America is more successful than whatever wasteland you come from
@@wonderbread7327 bruh that's not the reason, its because the US appropriated the term America (continent) and American (people from The Americas) to use it as yours, like not our fault u dont know geography
@@danielgiron6 there is nothing wrong with our name. You literally said the Americas. Our name is the United States of America because we are a group of United States on the American continent.
@@wonderbread7327 i said the Americas for u to understand, the thing is that people from the US use America and its denonym American as if it only defines them, when the first one is the name of the continent and the second it refers to everybody in North and South America, like if u want ur own term use united statian or usian
Thank you for talking about predujice towards eastern european people in the UK. My parents are always blaming things on them and I hate it. My mum is like 'those bloody eastern europeans bla bla bla'. The internet is so US-centric so it's never spoken about!
Grouping Europe into subregions is in my opinion almost pointless because any possible grouping would be wrong. If one wants to define subregions anyway, I do see the point in making the British Isles their own category. In the case that it is deemed necessary to include them in a larger group, they should be considered part of Western Europe because they don't share more attributes with the Northern European countries than the Netherlands or Northern Germany do. With the exception of Scotland, the British Isles are at the same latitude as the Netherlands, Belgium, Northern and Central Germany, and Poland. Also culturally, linguistically and historically, the British share more with what is commonly considered "Western Europe" than they do with Northern Europe.
@@quidam_surprise as a Middle Eastern I find it so dumb it’s like do you think we don’t know geography? we are 100% in the Asian continent why is that hard to believe. I think it’s more of a western problem and the way they view Asians, it’s so dumb. 🤷♂️ also what does being Asian mean and how do you distance yourself from it.
@@eavocado5890pppj Here's an actual comment that I've found : 『 Lebanese are Arabs. *We are not Asian,* we are not European, we are Middle Eastern. The Arabic language is one of, if not, the oldest language of the world. The only reason people assume we are Asians is because the WEST separate the world into continents without giving our own. Part of the divide and conquer strategy 』
@@quidam_surprise I don’t care what one commenter has too say. You must actively try and deny the truth, it must be exhausting. Btw I don’t disagree that some Middle Easterns think that way, a lot of people are dumb and it’s ok.
@@eavocado5890pppj I wasn't finished talking, nor did I say that I agreed with them. I was simply providing you a proof for what I stated earlier... I'll come back later to comment on that.
South americans don't get mad because they're called south americans instead of americans, you got that wrong, rather ALL Latin Americans get mad when people use America to refer to the USA, which is frankly a lazy way to name it not only from people from the US but also from anyone using the term.
If the east coastand west coast are two different regions, there is no way northern Mexico and Central America are in the same region, northern Mexico has more in common with Texas
I was taught in school that "Australia" was a continent, but I think that was still just the country of Australia itself. I've usually heard "Oceania" or "Australia and Oceania" as the term if you want to include the islands. That map obviously calls all of Oceania "Australia", but I don't remember ever encountering that before. (I probably have and just forgot.) I was educated and have lived most of my life in Texas, FYI.
I had to learn that in elementary school since there literally is no middle school in my country. Once you finish elementary school, you enter high school and graduate at age of 14/15
I was born in Russia (even though I live in Italy now), very close to the Ural Mountains and I am technically Asian, which is very weird to think about even for me.
These are continental subregions, not subcontinents. There are only five subcontinents in the world: the Arabian Peninsula, Central America, Eastern Siberia, Greenland, and the Indian Subcontinent. The Phillipines is usually included in Southeast Asia, not East Asia. Iranian people self-indentify their country as a part of Central Asia and the Middle East, but not Western Asia (Middle East = Western Asia + Egypt + Iran). North America is usually subdivided into three subregions: Northern America (land north of Mexico), Middle America (Mexico + Central America), and the Caribbean (all island nations east of Middle America). South America is generally not subdivided further. There is an informal way which subdivides South America into 5 subregions: the Andean States, Caribbean South America, Eastern South America (Brazil), The Guianas, and the Southern Cone.
I think some folks consider it a continent composed of New Guinea, Australia and the island of Tasmania... but it's a mostly useless concept, tbh 😒 (Can't even bother to have a proper distinctive name for it when they're the one who cling on that silly notion🤦♂️)
As a Brazilian I'd divide South America in 4 regions: the South Cone including Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and the south of Brazil; the Andes including Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and also Chile; the "Continental Caribbean" including Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and French Guyana; and Brazil itself, as 211 million of the 422,5 million inhabitants of South America live here
I consider Canada the least foreign country, if not for the weather I don’t think adjusting would be difficult at all (excluding Quebec). If I had to choose between Alaska or Canada I would pick Canada. The UK would be a learning curve but in a fun way, anywhere else in Europe I feel like I would make faux pas left and right.
nah, as a british person i must say ive always found more in common with france, despite them being our old rivals and them speaking an entirely different language
Language aside, Norway and the UK are two of the most similar countries in the world in terms of people, belief,and culture. Way more than UK and Americans.
29:30 if you play that game you could also say that if you removed the ice the "archipelago" would rebound into a real continent (which would take millions of year but removing the ice would also take a ridiculous amount of time.)
I always considered Europe as ending at the Ural Mountain range and the Caucasas. Some maps show differently. Some maps show random flat land as the divide I guess lol
16:01 As a guy living in Norway I'd say that from our point of view Scotland and (espesially the Hebrides, Shetland and the Orkeney islands) and the island of Man is Northern Europe, the rest of the british isles are Western Europe. If the Normans hadn't been French speakers then perhaps the Danelag would be northern Europe too, but there's been too much western European influence in England and by extension the rest of the British Isles to remain northern European.
Sometimes germany is also considered as northern europe when it comes to weather If you live in north german states (Schleswig-Holstein, Bremen, Hamburg, lower saxony). Because everything that hit denmark also hit the german coast.
@@Jan_Hannibal Maybe some people consider Germany "nothern", but honestly, Denmark itself barely qualifies if we're talking weather... Both northern Germany and Denmark are too flat to really have north European weather. Denmark is mostly included in Northern Europe for cultural reasons. Basically, Ireland, Wales, England, Benelux are western European, Germany *could* be considered western European (especially politically) or central European (geograhically) Scotland, the Nordic countries and (due to long time under nordic rule) Estonia is northern European, the rest of the Baltic countries + Russia is eastern European. Lithuania and Latvia isn't really northern European in my book since they've spent most of their time under either German or Russian rule and their language is closely related to Slavic, although I can see valid arguments for the point of view that they *are* northern European since they share the Baltic sea with us and the Baltic peoples (including the now gone baltic Prussians, not the germanic ones) all had close ties with the nordic region throughout most of history.
2:18 I've seen you use this map in a few videos. The percentages on it are very off. (once again the NA and SA percentages are very off) You should consider finding a different map to use in the future.
I feel personally it'd be more useful if you also talked a bit more about the culture and history of the regions rather than just explaining how 'developed' they are economically. Not saying it's a bad video, it is informative, but I think it's important otherwise you're sort of painting an image of huge swaths of the world being objectively better/worse in every way, which I don't think is very fair or accurate. Edit: I'm from Aotearoa/New Zealand, generally we call the continent/region as a whole of the Pacific Islands Oceania, not Australia.
I would split south America up into 5 sections by region southern: Chile Argentina Uruguay central: Bolivia Paraguay western: Peru Ecuador Colombia northern: Venezuela Guyana Suriname and French Guinea eastern: Brazil but you could also split it up by language as ibx2cat has shown
The easiest way would be to divide it by culture... in which there would be the three caribbean countries (guiana, french guiana and Suriname), the spanish speaking countries and Brazil.
I'd divide South America in 6 regions: Southern Cone: Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay Andes: Non amazonian parts of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela The Amazon Forest Brazil's Northeastern states Brazil's south central states The Guianas
I spent two months in Trondheim, one in winter, one in summer. I am from the Czech republic and the temperature there is actually just very slightly colder.
In German the middle east is called "Naher Osten", meaning near east, "Mittlerer Osten" is Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and so on and then there is Far East, "Fernost" for East Asia
