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The Absolute Best Intro to Monads For Software Engineers 

Studying With Alex
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If you had to pick the most inaccessible terms in all of software engineering, monad would be a strong contender for first place, because of its spooky math background that uses terms like endofunctor and monoid. As it turns out, monads are an extremely powerful design pattern that can be used without any math knowledge. In this video, we’ll cover what monads are, how they can be incredibly useful, and examine some common monads. All you need is a little software engineering knowledge. Let's go!
Dr. Strange Icon Credit: dribbble.com/dalius-stuoka
00:00 Intro
00:29 Basic Code
01:45 Issue #1
02:38 Issue #2
04:11 Putting It All Together
05:15 Properties of Monads
06:05 The Option Monad
09:14 Monads Hide Work Behind The Scenes
11:21 Common Monads
12:10 The List Monad
13:56 Recap

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16 май 2024

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Комментарии : 706   
@asadsalehumar1011
@asadsalehumar1011 2 года назад
Hands down the most awesome explanation of Monads on RU-vid
@neogen23
@neogen23 Год назад
My experience as well, though I realise as much having already understood the concept via classic methods (see a book on Haskell), so I was like "Yep, that's totally it". I doubt it would have helped me if I had used it as tutorial material. Still, a stellar explanation
@AutoFirePad
@AutoFirePad Год назад
It turns out that we have been using monads without even knowing it for years.XD
@erikkostic8271
@erikkostic8271 Год назад
Feel you
@stopper0203
@stopper0203 11 месяцев назад
Agree
@quantisedspace7047
@quantisedspace7047 9 месяцев назад
Maybe it was. I gave up when I heard the stupid music.
@gargshishir3
@gargshishir3 Год назад
After maybe 10 years of periodically going back to the definition of monads, googling and still not understanding what the hell they are, you have done it! Thank you, one less mystery in life.
@KingTheRat
@KingTheRat 8 месяцев назад
I watched this video last year, and this year, I already do not remember what it is. Time to watch this video again. :)
@gargshishir3
@gargshishir3 8 месяцев назад
@@KingTheRat I did that recently too 😆
@jcolt452
@jcolt452 2 года назад
How on earth did you break the curse!? .... "Once you understand Monads you lose the ability to explain them"! 🤣
@aiocafea
@aiocafea Год назад
you have to trick a veteran functional programmer into helping you if you start explaining monads to enough people that already understand them, eventually one will tell you 'oh you don't _actually really_ understand monads unless you understand…' and suddenly you will feel this clearness in your brain you can suddenly explain this concept and all of the useful ramifications
@Bergerons_Review
@Bergerons_Review Год назад
I think that's true for most coding problems ;)
@GesteromTV
@GesteromTV 8 месяцев назад
This is greate video that explain how to use monads and how fo recognize them, but in true math style there is whole universe that you skiped.
@ArturCzajka
@ArturCzajka 7 месяцев назад
@@GesteromTVAnd that's how he shoved it into a 15-minute video, and not a 60-minute lecture 😝
@Lee-qj4hk
@Lee-qj4hk 7 месяцев назад
Monads are a brain virus which makes you believe in Monads
@scheimong
@scheimong Год назад
That was fun to watch. I've been writing rust for a good while now, so basically I've been using monads everyday all this time without knowing the concept's technical name. Watching you refactor bad typescript step by step into rust felt funny.
@ChrisD__
@ChrisD__ Год назад
And this explains why don't understand Rust... I didn't understand monads!
@nobodyinparticular8219
@nobodyinparticular8219 2 года назад
Very good explanation, finally someone who's using a programming language which people who don't yet know what monads are can actually understand. Another good video on the subject is Brian Beckman's "Don't fear the Monad" which explains it in a more abstract way, but still using familiar terms. Other videos, and especially Computerphile's video were completely inaccessible to me and left me thinking that I'd need to spend months studying category theory or at least read a book on Haskell before I could understand this concept. You and Brian made me realize that I had actually invented monads on my own and have been using them without knowing what they are.
@evanroderick91
@evanroderick91 Год назад
I'm not familiar with this programming language. What language is this?
@rakandhiyaaa92
@rakandhiyaaa92 Год назад
@@evanroderick91 I think this is typescript
@younes3573
@younes3573 Год назад
@@evanroderick91 as mentioned before it is TypeScript: JavaScript but with types
@denisg1208
@denisg1208 Год назад
I agree with you about video ‚Dont fear the monad’. Also explains it really well
@MrRedstonefreedom
@MrRedstonefreedom Год назад
It's funny you mentioned the computerphile video because I likewise, even in using monads wherever applicable, watched that video and felt like I understood it even less. Even funnier still is the disclaimer he gave of "well people criticize mathematicians for not being able to explain their concepts in relatable terms, but I think they should just get over it". And it's like... they will get over it, by just ignoring their work & having to rediscover it anyways in their own contexts.
@chachan4142
@chachan4142 Год назад
Thank you. this video is very practical, informative, and truly demonstrates what can be achieved with monad with actual example and not just the abstract concepts of it all. Best one yet that I've seen on RU-vid. You've earned a new. subscriber!
@JoshuaKisb
@JoshuaKisb 2 года назад
first video that actually explains monads in sensible approachable way. thank u very much
@connorkapooh2002
@connorkapooh2002 Год назад
Dude. This was fucking sick, please keep producing videos like this. I think there's also a lack of beautiful visualisations for more advanced concepts (which makes sense because more people are going to be beginners). Keep it up man, your animations are absolutely gorgeous :)
@arongil
@arongil Год назад
+1, this video taught me exactly what monads are from a practical standpoint. Thank you!
@GVSM-xo9ri
@GVSM-xo9ri Год назад
By far the most amazing explanation i've ever read. Nice examples, made the concept a lot easier to understand!
@youngcitybandit
@youngcitybandit 8 месяцев назад
This seems like a very intuitive pattern but at the same time I never knew this could be so formalized. Thank you I learned a lot
@brettm4179
@brettm4179 2 года назад
I loved this video. Would love to see some explanations on applicatives and functors as well and some fp-ts examples. The pipe and flow makes using monads and functors so nice
@romanmahotskyi6898
@romanmahotskyi6898 Год назад
This is one of the best explanations I've ever seen. Thanks a lot
@papetoast
@papetoast Год назад
As someone who didn't know monads, this is an excellent video! You started with an iterative approach on simple examples to give an intuition of why the idea of monads is useful. Then after having the intuition you give a more abstract, rigorous definition, along with real usages. I think I wouldnt have been able to understand the abstraction as easily if there wasnt the simple examples in the beginning. Then you give a summary to help remember the content of this video. Overall I think the flow is great and the pace is just right. Sometimes I have to pause a bit to understand the code but I never have to think really hard to understand since the leaps in logic are always small enough. Thank you for making this video!
@erikgrundy
@erikgrundy Год назад
I've always thought that the definitions people used are always more complex than they need to be. I'm glad you've managed to explain it in a way that feels like something a programmer would do
@user-tx4wj7qk4t
@user-tx4wj7qk4t 2 месяца назад
By programmer you mean code 🐒
@erikgrundy
@erikgrundy 2 месяца назад
@@user-tx4wj7qk4t i don't, and i'm a little confused at what you're implying. do you mean that no "real" programmer requires it to be explained like this? or that you don't think the code in the video is very good? please, enlighten me
@user-tx4wj7qk4t
@user-tx4wj7qk4t 2 месяца назад
@@erikgrundy a software engineer is supposed to be an engineer. An engineer uses math and science to solve real life problems. However "software engineers" are the only kind of engineers who hate math and science and think even simple basic math is "too complex" and are always looking for immediate answers on "how" to use something, with very little understanding of "what" something is or "why" it is. The explanation above is terrible for very many reasons but mainly because he doesn't actually explain anything any what a monad actually is, it's just overly convoluted examples of what you can do with it which ironically is more complex than if somebody just explained what it is. You saying "feels like something a programmer would do" means code monkey because actual software engineers understand math and don't explain things this way
@MadaxeMunkeee
@MadaxeMunkeee Год назад
This video is a true triumph. Thanks so much for making it!
@CFEF44AB1399978B0011
@CFEF44AB1399978B0011 8 месяцев назад
I'm blind and you were able to describe your content without using this and that while pointing at places in the code. nice work.
@steveloco1170
@steveloco1170 7 месяцев назад
bro WDYM YOU ARE BLIND AND WATCHING RU-vid
@CFEF44AB1399978B0011
@CFEF44AB1399978B0011 7 месяцев назад
@@steveloco1170 you do realize blind people live normal lives?
@jhoughjr1
@jhoughjr1 7 месяцев назад
@@steveloco1170 main thing to know is "blind" is shorthand for visually impaired. Also you can learn from hearing too.
@vikingthedude
@vikingthedude Год назад
This is some good stuff. I'm also glad to see you have other videos. Hoping you get more subscribers, you deserve it
@MrRedstonefreedom
@MrRedstonefreedom Год назад
Jesus, this is such a robust explanation. This could be watched every 3 months just to reconsider newly-encountered applicability. I already came to the same conclusions about monads in programming (as a design pattern, in any kind of paradigm or language), and done a lot of deep thinking, but even still, this is such a wildly useful video as a consolidation tool. You've given a lot of excellent visualizations that make aspects-management & its expression a lot easier.
@ShykinArcana
@ShykinArcana Год назад
I've been doing this for years and just calling it good encapsulation and treating functions as a blackbox. Reduce how much the caller needs to know about the function and allow it to be a blackbox. Or rather I suppose, how to create the blackbox in the first place. Good to know the new vocab for it and this is a really good explanation, much better than I could give to new devs. I'd frankly send them to this video to learn the concept.
@denisg1208
@denisg1208 Год назад
The way I understood it, monads require a logging of sorts no? Or was that just one use case for monad patterns
@denisg1208
@denisg1208 Год назад
Nevermind it was just an example.
@user-tx4wj7qk4t
@user-tx4wj7qk4t 2 месяца назад
You've got no idea what you're saying and just saying things lol
@ohm62
@ohm62 2 месяца назад
Stellar presentation of monads! Thank you so much!
@therealguanzo
@therealguanzo Год назад
One of the best videos on programming I've ever seen. Subscribed. Please make more!
@blakedowling7002
@blakedowling7002 7 месяцев назад
Amazing work here. Turns out I've been partially harnessing the power of monads the whole time, but understanding how you can simply chain passed functions brings my software engineering understanding to a new level. Thanks for your effort in making this video Alex.
@atrowell
@atrowell Год назад
Impressive explanation. Quickly provided useful information that gives me better understanding of techniques I already use as well as new ones to adopt.
@hansschenker
@hansschenker Год назад
Practical samples and very good explanations! Thank's for publishing!
@dcuccia
@dcuccia 7 месяцев назад
I mean, "Its just a monoid in the category of endofunctors. What's the problem?" Scott Wlaschin also does a great job of explaining monads graphically with his "Railway Oriented Programming" talks. But this was a great "part to whole" way to take a single use case and expand the concepts, step by step. Nicely done!
@JamesWalker-rs1ps
@JamesWalker-rs1ps Год назад
Hey, this is great! You've got a good way of explaining things using plain English and building concepts from a basic level.
@sct848
@sct848 Год назад
Please keep coming up with great content like this, thank you!
@prince_of_devils
@prince_of_devils Год назад
Definitely lives up to the title, thank you for making such a great explanation.
@ocnah
@ocnah Год назад
Absolutely greatly presented and explained, well done.
@Masto12321
@Masto12321 Год назад
You won yourself a subscriber with this clean clean video. Can't wait to go through more of your content!
@karavind7814
@karavind7814 Год назад
This is the best video explaining monads, thank you for the great yet simple explanation 😊
@yeong126
@yeong126 Год назад
Among all the functional programming videos in my feed this is the first one I understand something. Great video!
@aryanrahman3212
@aryanrahman3212 Год назад
Thank you so much for such a simple but relevant explanation!
@wcarmon1209
@wcarmon1209 Год назад
You have quite a gift for education. Thanks for taking time to explain this.
@sgwong513
@sgwong513 Год назад
wow, first time I know monad so clearly. thanks and looking for future video like this. really good video.
@ya3rub101
@ya3rub101 Месяц назад
best monads explanation i've ever seen !, thank you !!!
@julestburt
@julestburt Год назад
I founded Vancouver's Functional Meetup which ran for 3 years...and we discussed monads a lot!! I had a lot of ongoing questions. I saw many presentations, yet I was always left wondering / wishing someone could actually show me a 'monad' rather than discussing the apparent philosophy or upper purpose! Finally, someone explained it with great code examples, which I could easily relate to Swift (my language) and completely and finally understand monads...I had assumed one didn't really need to know 'monads' to use them, and it turns out with arrays, maps/flatmaps, optionals, and even a plug in Then promise library - all these were monads of course and I didn't need to know one to use one...but your explanation nails it! Many thanks!!
@eliote.corleyii5792
@eliote.corleyii5792 Год назад
I only wish I could like the video as many times as I have watched it. What an incredible presentation and a simple explanation of such a feared topic. Thank you.
@d0m186
@d0m186 15 дней назад
Best video i have seen on this topic. Most videos start with explaining monads, monoids, and endofunctors and are completely overcomplicated. Starting with an easy to grasp example is way better
@TheJonBrant
@TheJonBrant Год назад
Incredible video. I felt a lot of clicks, and feel like I may have understood monads better than I thought. Thank you!
@aysubetin-can6435
@aysubetin-can6435 2 месяца назад
At last! Great video thank you so much!Great namings, wrapper instead of unit and run instead of flatmap or bind to explain the concept before the terminology. Please make more videos like this
@Radioguy00
@Radioguy00 Год назад
Excellent delivery of information
@rajthewise
@rajthewise Год назад
This is the first video that 'shows' the thing by including 'how to' aspect. Best video I came across so far.
@brettwines6812
@brettwines6812 2 года назад
can confirm, is the best introduction!! Honestly so so good
@jamesmstern
@jamesmstern 7 месяцев назад
This is a marvel of clarity.
@Mrhennayo
@Mrhennayo 8 месяцев назад
Simply simple explanation sire !
@dawid_dahl
@dawid_dahl Год назад
One thing I’ve noticed that is tricky is when you have a value wrapped in several monads. For example, if you have a value that is asynchronous and also can fail with an error. Then you have a value wrapped in a Future/Promise/Task as well as an Either. Would love a video about how to deal with this complexity. How to traverse between different monad lands.
@Holobrine
@Holobrine 8 месяцев назад
You’d probably pass one “runWithLogs()” into another, nesting the functions in the same way the types are nested
@ivanjermakov
@ivanjermakov 8 месяцев назад
Yep, because Promise.then() has the same type signature and meaning as flatMap (or bind in monad). It transforms promise, using a function transforming wrapped value into a new promise.
@HolyAvgr
@HolyAvgr 8 месяцев назад
​@@ivanjermakov wouldn't this be trivially solved by back-tracking the function through the unwrap, since both monads are Generic in their implementation? If you have a Future, what you probably have is something in the form of future(optional(5)), which can also be expressed as a chain operation as: let result: Promise = createOptional(5) | .createFuture($0) in which case you should probably be able to do something like `result.value.value` which should resolve without much problem: Unfulfilled promise would nil .none in the optional would also nil
@ArturCzajka
@ArturCzajka 7 месяцев назад
Keywords are: monad transformers (more popular, safer to start with this) and extensible-effects (imho cooler) 😄
@abdulhamidalsalman
@abdulhamidalsalman 2 года назад
Alex you are the champion of the web. You deserve a noble prize for making these great videos.
@yellingintothewind
@yellingintothewind 8 месяцев назад
I think a large part of the issue explaining Monads is the concept is actually so simple that there is a "why the special name?" question that makes people think it _must_ be more complex. It is a basic function-application pattern, the likes of which you learn the first time you write an async event loop, or implement a DSL-FSM (See Greenspun's 10th rule). And yes, just like the y-combinator, or lambda calculus, it has a basis and explaination in math that makes it look more complex than it really is.
@user-tx4wj7qk4t
@user-tx4wj7qk4t 2 месяца назад
None of what you said is true
@aoeu256
@aoeu256 Месяц назад
In Javascript Promises/Futures are an example of a Monad, and in that case then is flatMap/ >>=. However, Monads generalize the idea of promises/futures to be able to embed any language with any sort-of semantics into the language, so promises/futures are a way of embedding asynchronous computing into a stateful language and have it look like synchronous code just like monads are used to embed imperative/stateful languages into purely function Haskell. The thing about monads is that you have to know their 5 other definitions and many other examples to see how monads can shorten your code by. You have to know Monads other definition like flatMappables containers where flattenable containers are called Monoids, Mappables are called Functors.
@tqian86
@tqian86 Год назад
This is an amazing intro in the sense that the title isn't even a clickbait! ;) Thanks for the video!
@Seyunx
@Seyunx Год назад
Topo keep up the amazing work, you deserve more views!
@darkarie
@darkarie Год назад
really well explained. I subscribed in the middle of the video, keep it up!
@jn-iy3pz
@jn-iy3pz Год назад
I watched a few videos but this is the one that made sense to me. Thank you!
@eltongarcia6105
@eltongarcia6105 7 месяцев назад
Outstanding work! thank you so much.
@camilosibarita
@camilosibarita 10 месяцев назад
Thanks for the brilliant video!
@peteryuen4481
@peteryuen4481 Год назад
The clearest explanation that I have seen👍👍👍
@SteveDellaValentina
@SteveDellaValentina Год назад
I'm not sure how I stumbled on to here but I'm glad I did. This is not only helpful as a software engineer, but a really good example of how to teach an abstract concept in a very accessible way. Very nicely done, and subbed!
@grkuntzmd
@grkuntzmd Год назад
Best explanation of monads that I have seen. Bravo!
@manrikevillalobos6270
@manrikevillalobos6270 2 месяца назад
Great explanation !!! Thank you very much!!!
@Daspem25
@Daspem25 Год назад
Dude your channel is a gold mine!!
@Irokesengranate
@Irokesengranate Год назад
This was extremely helpful, thank you!
@avi3681
@avi3681 Год назад
Great to see the clear examples in TypeScript!
@kellybmackenzie
@kellybmackenzie Год назад
4:43 Thank you SO MUCH, seriously! When you said that it instantly clicked. This genuinely helped me so much, thank you!
@n4vyblueyes377
@n4vyblueyes377 Год назад
Thanks for putting this together. Obviously took some time and it is a dry topic. Much appreciated. 👍
@Aucacoyan
@Aucacoyan 8 месяцев назад
This is actually great teaching material, thank you so much!
@mabuelhagag
@mabuelhagag 10 месяцев назад
I recently discovered Effect-ts and was struggling to understand the basic concepts of it. The docs don't mention mondas while explaining how the library works (due to a valid reason. Mentioning monads scares people!) But this video explains it beautifully! Thank you man! You got yourself a subscriber 😊
@IroXtreme
@IroXtreme Год назад
That was great! Much appreciated
@Sahuagin
@Sahuagin 7 месяцев назад
this is the best explanation of monads I've ever seen, thanks
@aj.arunkumar
@aj.arunkumar 8 месяцев назад
very nice one.. thanks for making this
@kingshukmajumder2087
@kingshukmajumder2087 Год назад
One of the best descriptions of monad!
@marcelo6279
@marcelo6279 8 месяцев назад
Amazing explanation!
@CartoType
@CartoType Год назад
Very interesting and new to me. One small thing; what you call a caret, < or >, is more properly known as an angle bracket when it is used as a delimiter. This is a caret: ^.
@NicholasShanks
@NicholasShanks Год назад
Yes, worst part(s) of the video, that.
@jasonzuvela
@jasonzuvela Год назад
Exactly! So painful to hear every time. en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks
@31redorange08
@31redorange08 Год назад
That's a circumflex.
@semplar2007
@semplar2007 8 месяцев назад
very well put together explanation 👏
@Daniel_WR_Hart
@Daniel_WR_Hart Год назад
I watched a bunch of talks about what monads were, but this was the first to make me realize that I actually wrote one unintentionally last year while trying to learn about design patterns
@ryannygard3661
@ryannygard3661 8 месяцев назад
I just made a monad this week without even realizing it, but I never thought about implement logging into it. I'll need to do that immediately because that would be extremely useful!
@KennethBoneth
@KennethBoneth 2 года назад
Truly incredible job.
@calico2808
@calico2808 8 месяцев назад
this is very clear thanks!
@gavintillman1884
@gavintillman1884 5 месяцев назад
I’ve been struggling with the concept and think this may be the best presentation I have seen.
@endermannull4420
@endermannull4420 8 дней назад
I first grasped monads by thinking of them as piggybanks. The ceramic ones that you have to break. This perfectly compliments that, thank you!
@esc120
@esc120 8 месяцев назад
OMG This is GOLD!
@ZackFreedman
@ZackFreedman Год назад
Great explanation. I'm going to use this as a benchmark when I do actual education videos.
@crckrbrrs
@crckrbrrs 7 месяцев назад
yeah, now that i think about it the oscilloscope video was quite similar to this one
@jaybny
@jaybny Год назад
best thing I've watched in years! awesome job 👍👌👍👌👍
@pedroth3
@pedroth3 8 месяцев назад
Indeed a great monad intro
@o__sama
@o__sama 8 месяцев назад
Amazing explanation, thanks !
@atanugayen3030
@atanugayen3030 7 месяцев назад
I kept seeing this video recommended to me, but I avoided it everytime thinking "this is gonna be too complicated, I'll watch it later when I have the time/energy." Glad I finally bit the bullet and watched it... was not disappointed. Fantastic explanation... please keep making videos like this!
@clementhoang7888
@clementhoang7888 2 года назад
Nicely explained!
@jeffg4686
@jeffg4686 Год назад
very helpful. Perhaps the only place that gave me a better grasp of monads
@quinn_m
@quinn_m Год назад
Big fat subscribe for this, made it so clear and gave great examples; thank you Alex
@danilmartyniuk
@danilmartyniuk 7 месяцев назад
great explanation. I will definitely use monads in my projects.
@SaySaeqo
@SaySaeqo 7 месяцев назад
That was seriouesly the absolute best intro to monads, thanks
@edgeeffect
@edgeeffect 8 месяцев назад
I had never really studied monads, mostly because of "that stupid quote" - you know the one I mean. Then, I can't remember why now, I was looking at a promise one day and thought "could this be a monad?" I'm now looking for a way to explain to bosses why async/await isn't necessarily a good idea and why promises are actually much clearer. But bosses often want a "clever" explanation that's hard to understand so I've been thinking about invoking monads in my overcomplicated explanation... and here we come full circle because "deliberately overcomplicated" and "that stupid quote" are the very best of friends.
@jasoneve
@jasoneve Год назад
This really helped me, thank you
@symbolslogic
@symbolslogic 7 месяцев назад
Great explanation 👍
@tenoeg
@tenoeg 8 месяцев назад
Man, you make Monad fun to watch!
@williammorgan2452
@williammorgan2452 Год назад
Nice combination of theory and practice.
@kemekenneth
@kemekenneth Год назад
Love your explanation monad 😊
@photonic083
@photonic083 8 месяцев назад
I'm awake at 01:06 am and read the thumbnail as "Write better code with McDonalds"
@FaizUndead
@FaizUndead 5 месяцев назад
Genius in explaining.
@dawid_dahl
@dawid_dahl Год назад
Excellent explanation! Subscribed.
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