The Age of Tiwanaku: What They Aren't Telling You 

some of the comments of unchartedX videos say stuff like: "i love your calm and mindful explaination" while that guy is rambling on, verbally waving his jazz hands in my face. i love your calm and mindful explaination... of historical data, resulting from methodical and empirical study

9:04 As a native Spanish it's enormously funny hearing him say that while he features those two signs as background. Specially the one in the left. I'll just give a translation: Left sign: Tiwanaku The capital city of the Tiwanaku Empire on its classical era constituted a densely populated centralised estate with a superior command chain, under which artisans and farmers that supplied a diversity of goods harvested from different ecological strata CHRONOLOGY: Rural Period (I and II): 1580 BC - 133 CE Early Urban Period (III): 133 - 374 CE Classical Period (IV): 374 - 900 CE Imperial Period (V): 900 - 1200 CE Right sign: Pumapunku The biggest Tiwanaku temple found up to this date can be seen to the east. Inmense polished blocks, the biggest of which weights 132 Tons. 3 platforms built on top of ashlars, a superior platform with U-shaped floor colored in ocher red, sewer canals joined with copper strings and an inferior yard. So for me hearing him say "there has been considerable controversy just around when they were originally built" while the image portrays a picture that reads when they were originally built got me thinking like "bro, just check the freaking sign, it's written right there"...

As someone who had in the past been taken in by the con artist I very much appreciate your work. All I ever wanted to do was learn new things and the con artist took advantage of that to line their pockets all the while making their audience more ignorant in the process. Being an agent of ignorance is a crime against humanity and your work is the proof not just they are wrong but that misleading people was and is their specific intent. Thank you and please keep it up.

Just a poor college student still, but I always make sure to leave a like and share on these videos. I love any academics out there who are sincerely helping to combat sensationalized and propagandized historical accounts.

Thank you for sharing this thorough analysis. At 78 I'm old enough to have seen countless examples of how fast younger people forget about the ingenious technologies of the very recent past, even from 50 or 100 years ago. It seems to be very easy to underestimate the skills and knowledge of dedicated craftspeople and the power of the passage of time. The many "mysterious ancient" explanations found in RU-vid videos are seductive at first sight until someone like you comes forth with serious facts and recent investigations that make sense of it all. Without having to resort to aliens, giants or more advanced civilizations from outside to explain what very capable local people have done. We must continue to combat ignorance and racism whenever and wherever they continue to appear. Thank you again for your tireless efforts.

thank you for trying to maintain integrity in a world that believes in the fiction over actual science

It's really alarming to see how the general distrust people have towards authority is leveraged and converted into a distrust towards academia and science. At least that's how I interpret this phenomenon. I must add that yes, we should question authority, and we should question the scientific consensus. But, both endavours require critical and careful thinking, combined with as much factual verified data as can be obtained. Without that, we inevitably quickly adopt the most comfortable and indulgent fantasty presented by the first person in line to take advantage of us. Thanks for the video

I´m doing a masters in geology, hearing the geological claims made in this is like nails on a chalk board. Dating erosion like c´mon man extremely difficult and you ain´t gonna do it by looking at a rounded rock.

Hey, normal person just passing through. You're doing good work. These ancient aliens people Joe Rogan is elevating are making everyone stupid. Keep it up.

I’ve started just to wait until you’ve made a video of a subject such as this ,to watch anything else to do with the subject. Saves me hours. Thank you so much.

Thank you for touching on how these advanced civilization theories have so often been rooted in racism.

Dr. Miano, I often sleep with your videos playing on repeat, lol. Your last video on UnchartedX absolutely changed my life, I can't understate that. You do amazing work, thank you so much for shining light on these guys for their audiences to see. I spent so many embarrassing years reposting videos from UnchartedX, Ham Grandcock, and others. I came damn close to starting my own channel (which I still might do), but I feel so much better armed to do so thanks to your videos, Stephan Milo, Ancient Architects, and others. I'm also THRILLED that Matt from Ancient Architects actually responded to you and updated his views and tactics. I always knew he was one of the real ones. Keep up the good work!

I love your style. When academics ridicule, scorn and dismiss the alternative history folks it only reinforces the ‘mainstream archeology doesn’t want you to know the truth’ trope. I find the archeological story to be far more interesting than the alternative historians can suppose.

Honestly, what's most fascinating to me is how this video demonstrates the "evidence" selection process conducted by people who otherwise present themselves as reasonable and rational actors. The most believable figures and diagrams are snipped out of more outlandish publications, aligned with a pre-existing antipathy for the "intellectual elite," and then presented as a hidden body of evidence. UnchartedX's quoted description of his being a "middle way" position speaks to the motives underlying this practice. By positioning the mainstream and the ancient aliens crowd as two diametrically opposed and equally wrong poles of equal weight, he's presenting his ideas as the reasonable approach. The problem is, empirical data doesn't compromise. It can be revised, retested, recontextualized, reinterpreted, but there are certain things that the data cannot support. One person claiming the sky is blue and the other person claiming the sky is gray does not automatically mean that the sky is slate; it can mean that one observer is colorblind, or that the data for one observer was collected in Seattle. EDIT: Okay, just got to the end and his rationale for dismissing the mainstream evidence, and it's... The biggest reach imaginable. Definitely didn't stick the landing if he's trying to claim that the rate of carbon decay is more falsifiable than painting a bullseye around a solstice.

Just wanted to say how much I appreciate seeing such good content on the subject on RU-vid. I remember looking at subjects like this 5 years ago or so on RU-vid and it being pure craziness. You are a really incredible presenter in addition to knowing the facts so comprehensively, and I learn a lot from your public speaking style.

Whenever I see one of these “ancient civilization” videos, I am always reminded of a favorite quote from Neil DeGrasse Tyson when asked about aliens building the pyramids. He said simply, “just because you’re not clever enough to figure out how they did it doesn’t mean they weren’t clever enough to figure out how to do it.” Whenever you look at things through that filter, you start looking at how you would do what they did with what they had, instead of trying to say it was impossible without modern tools. That makes dismissing aliens or a missing high-tech culture rather easy.

Damn! I really enjoyed the UncharteredX video, but I enjoyed your video with explanations based on up to date research even better. Thanks again.

So happy to see a new video! Thanks, Dr. Miano!

Love this video. I visited Bolivia when I was a kid and have been fascinated with their history ever since. I think the point you make at the end of the video is by far the most important. The native Aimara and Quechua peoples have long been overlooked, exploited, and denigrated. It is important to study and credit these people with their own work, as simple as that may sound. For some reason, many of the ancient high technology folks seem to focus their attention on places that aren't in Europe or where white people built. Although I doubt that these people are active racists, I think it's fair to say that they are preying on racist attitudes prevalent on our society. This is why videos like this are so important. You expose the lies, and explore the truth. That's how we mend past crimes of archeologists, of which this is but a small part. Thank you for making this video.

Dr. Miano!!! This is, by FAR, the best video I have ever seen covering this fantastic site. Bravo sir!

As an archaeology student right now, it's always amazing to me how hard people have to work to deliberately misrepresent the disciplines of archaeology and history, particularly radiometric dating. Uncharted x is certainly well practiced in spreading misinformation, but it would be nice if someone with that many followers would use their influence more positively.

It's obviously a ton of work, but I love your history mythbusting approach. I think you're carving out a nice niche in history communication on YT with it. Keep up the good work.

Another fantastic video. These videos are informative in many ways - debunking the cranks, and propagating the facts. Thank you Dr. Miano!

RU-vid needs more of this type of presentation.

I am Peruvian and a fan of history in general. I hope you read my comment. Fist of all allow me to express my thanks for the effort you put in every video. I find them engaging, spicy, well thought, and packed with interesting information. I would like to point out something out though. I think one of the reasons that alternate history fans and classic historians talk past each others is that classic historians pay more attention to the clues derived by what is found on the site, and not from the buildings themselves. It makes me wonder what should have more weight: i) What the people that lived in the buildings tell us through their art and other remains, or ii) What their buildings by themselves, through geology, astronomy, mathematics, etc, tell us. When I look at the history of Peru. I see many cities, Cuzco, Puno, Trujillo, even Lima, where people are actually living among the ruins of previous civilizations. The Huaca Pucllana for example, is located right in the middle of a what is today one of the most expensive residential areas of Lima. You see the same in so many cities and towns in Europe, where modern buildings coexists with constructions made hundreds and sometimes even thousands of years ago. Is it not possible that we are actually looking at in Tiawanaku is exactly the same process? Maybe the actual core construction of the site, at least of the Pumapunku site, is older. Not just hundred of years older, but thousands of years older. Like the Huaca Pucllana is to Miraflores, or the Roman aqueduct is to Segovia. Maybe we are making the same mistake that future archeologist would do when they analyze our remains. Dating everything as from today because we are unable to separate the cultural remains from the much more ancient buildings. Even though Pumapunku has engineering feats that surprise everyone, those, by themselves, may not be enough to support a much earlier construction date. But its when you start paring this new perception to other unexplainable facts that it gets tricky. Facts such as the rain erosion of the Sphinks, the appearance of Gobleki Teppe, the incredible astrological alignments and mathematics of the pyramids, our current updated knowledge about the ending of the ice age (much quicker than originally thought), flood myths, etc. It's when you start taking these other facts into account that the idea that some of the buildings may be much older starts making sense. I think alternate historians look at this other facts in the same way that you look at the pottery or the metallurgy of a site, and use them to complement their historic view. I still believe that the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis is only that, just a hypothesis. But you should be open also to the possibility that it might eventually transform into a theory. If that ends up happening, I hope the academics end up having a peaceful way to solve their disputes, and we don't end in the trails of Salem or the Inquisition ;). The fact that the first war of the global world has started in the most educated continent of the world doesn't give us to much hope ... :(

I was just looking up this info earlier today due to comments in the UnsupportedX channel.. Great coincidence. Thanks for providing (again) some good learning!!!

Thank you, Dr. David ❤ egg-sell-lent as usual!!! I started reading the first book you referenced immediately upon finishing this very well done video presentation! Thank you for that also 😁

I find it remarkable that many on the Internet use the word "mainstream" as an insult. Why is that? Mainstream is vetted by many, and shown to work. I want a mainstream plumber and a mainstream brain surgeon. Why not a mainstream archeologist?

Always admired the way you put valid research and debunk the myth all around the globe.

Again Bravo, I love how you show that modern archeology and new dating techniques and the process that they much have overlapping evidence such as radiocarbon dating, obsidian hydration, thermoluminescence, dendrochronology, historical records, mean ceramic dating, Stratigraphic dating and pipe stem dating has lead to more precise and supported dating of sites. The old days of Heinrich Schliemann , Sir Arthur Evans or Howard Carter did bring amazing discoveries and pushing forward Archeology but many were more treasure hunters than archeologist and did as much harm as well as good. We see it as a challenge today, between Biblical Archeology vs Academic Archeology as it has a clear biases that can influence findings and interpretations.

Excellent take down! I'm tired of unprofessionals with their twisted agendas! Thank you for your considerable efforts that should never have been required.

Thanks to this narrator's accent, I'm suddenly reminded of the youtuber Cogito who when talking about the pre-colonial history of Australia said a desert seemed to be defined as a place Europeans couldn't grow wheat and sheep

I love learning about pre-colonial American cultures, such an underexplored topic in typical history education. Thanks Dr. Miano! edit: It really is appalling how pseudohistorians reiterate harmful racist pseudoscience in their willful ignorance. I appreciate that David highlighted how the site has been appropriated by exterior powers from the Incan Empire all the way to the recent Bolivian government in ways which disregard the prowess and dedication that such a site reveals about the people(s) who built it.

I love how the old "archeologists" ignore completely that the European explorers and colonists who went to the region hundreds of years before them basically wiped out these cultures. Of course they have scant populations who have forgotten or abandoned their ancient cities and technology. They're probably the descendants of people who lived in rural areas that weren't affected by the disease and violence of the European conquest.

Excellent job again, Dr. Miano. I think one word sums it up : SNAP!

It amazes me that these conspiracy theorists can imaginer a vast, orchestrated campaign of denial by academia, and yet not realise that this "mysteries of the unexplained" stuff is a huge publishing industry that must rake in billions of dollars every year. Anyway, keep up the good work.

As always rock solid argumentation and extensive research and documentation. It’s like an academic class every time… I am beginning to run out of words to express how passionate i came to feel about this channel. It is a gem in YT land which will no doubt grow huge over time. Thank you so very much for all that work ❤️

Brilliant David, just brilliant in your rebuttals, using your knowledge sharpened by logic and reason. I now try to emulate your method of observation and application of such logic and reason, with the understanding that there is no substitute for established research and the tried and true principles upon which this field is built upon. In short, very, very professional.

Brilliant. Thank you for all your amazing videos based purely on Academics. Never underestimate, nor overestimate The Ancients, or the times at which they not only survived, but thrived.

Thank you for making this video combating many of the sensational misapprehensions regarding Tiwanaku, and even shedding light on the complicated environment of the site. On the matter of combating those modern-day myths, the linguistic peer-review works on the Puquina language has provided historical clarity, and at times a more direct approach. Particularly the toponymy of places from Titicaca to Cuzco, which not only highlights the connection between the Tiwanaku upper-class (~1000 AD) and the later Inca panacas, but reveals hints of the complex history that gave rise to the Inca Empire.

I love that you do this, both for the interesting fact in themselves, but also that you take your time to contest the flood of misinformation! Keep up the good work, man! ❤

Thank you I really enjoyed this. Your careful and considered style appeals to me, so much better than the flashy TV history we get. And thank you UnchartedX, I never got a recommendation for Dr. Miano's channel until I told YT to stop recommending yours to me. :D

Drinking game rule #1: Take a big drink of Chicha every time someone leaves a negative comment which clearly indicates they didn't watch the video.

I appreciate when you put a map of where the place you're talking about is located. That always helps me put a perspective as far as a location on the globe thank you so much for that.

When Ben dismissed carbon dating for the complex but then used it as evidence for the age of other things just did it for me. Like, helloooo??? xD Seriously enjoy these debunking videos and also longer formats. You have a nice balance of shorts and long videos.

Thanks so much for this video Dr. Miano. It is often difficult for people unfamiliar with the archaeological literature to know how to evaluate the content of the alternative historical literature and videos. And thanks for your citing of sources and providing links, this greatly aids personal research. I regard the Alternative History and Ancient Alien movements as religious phenomena, and their reasoning methods and interpretation of evidence are forms of religious apologetics, rather than historical and archaeological investigation. Alt-historians use history and archaeology for the purpose of justifying beliefs, but don't really contribute to genuine understanding in the disciplines of history, anthropology or archaeology nor of the peoples and cultures of the past and indigenous peoples today whose monuments these are. Alt-historians seem uninterested in the peoples and cultures of ancient sites, only in the size, precision and orientations of monuments. So thanks Dr. Miano for connecting real people and cultures to the sites. Their stories are more interesting than The Story alt-historians tell about mysterious ruins of a lost Golden Age.

I have a lot of respect for how calm you remain while dealing with these people, i have no such patience

Just as an aside? I love that you leave the footage of his video in as I get both the refutations, yes, but also just the chance to see this lovely footage of this site. Really inspiring stonework and vistas. Definitely gives this sense of marvel and wonder at this ancient culture and has made me want to look into it more. Just you know, the actual culture rather than the idea of it being the origin of all western hemisphere cultures. Definitely checking out those books.

I'm at the 4:55 mark of this video and after listening to the original video it's almost like his saying "How could these people live here without a Walmart and 7Eleven, it seems inconceivable!"

It is so nice to hear clear and articulate thought presented rather than finger pointing and assumption presented. On the subject of cultural destruction (ie they couldnt have possibly built this they are not intelligent enough) thank you for your point of view it really made me look at it from the builders piont of view.

I absolutely love this video .... Love the way David debunks these outragious claims. I find it hard to believe that Ben (UnchartedX) would go through all of this and never pick up a book from more modern studies ... or, studies that might not agree with his position. It goes to show that Ben only cares about his little money making venture by duping the masses. Who does Ben go on these trips with?? Graham Hancock, Brien Foerster and Randall Carlson. Soon Ben will be a scammer of the first order. And David will continue to debunk .... at least I hope he will.

I watched uncharted x vid and I knew sooner or later this had to happen LOL. I always thought it wouldn't be a bad thing to dig deeper and see what is found, but I understand this most likely would be a waste of time. Great vid👍🏻

omg, when I heard him say, "water finds its level" I was afraid he also claims the earth is flat. I do love that those who so confidently question "academia" don't do any of the calculations involved in the science they claim nullifies the consensus of people actually working at these sites.

Your channel was like a breath of fresh air for me. I don't think with the available knowledge anyone could put out a better documentary. Thank you for your work

You have honestly changed my mind in regards to most of the misleading “ancients high technology” myths out there. Thank you for your expertise and content. Sometimes you can’t see the “Foerster” before the trees.

I love these videos that take down pseudoarchaeology. Keep it up!

Finally, _I'm so happy to see debunking channels pop up. These "Forbidden Archaeology" channels has done a lot of damage during many years, I remember seeing some as early as 2005. Thank you so very, very much for your work!_

I tend to mutter because Science when I occasionally view alternative history videos. When Ancient Aliens was first hitting it big, we would gather in the main room to exercise laughter as we viewed. Brown Velvet Suit guy, nuff said.

Dr. Miano bringin us some of that good good stuff

Really beautiful, even if I knew nothing about it, which I do, but, still, no time wasted on this channel

When i hear unchartedx i strap in for an endless stream of “bwah… but how did they do anything… they were so primitive…” i would take unchartedx far more seriously if he had just one argument that wasnt rooted in incredulity.

Uncharted will call into question the accuracy of C-14 dating when it doesn't fit his opinion, but when it does, it's always unquestionably correct. According to Uncharted, C-14 dates from 1,500 years ago are more inaccurate and more likely to have suffered from variable decay rates than his favoured dates from 15,000 years ago.

A great series. Not just a rebuttal of misinformation but an education for all. Great fun.

A lovely and important contribution, thank you. I greatly appreciate the expertise and scientific depth you brought to this project as well as the generally patient and respectful tone you kept to. I think this matters. I am a scientist (physical chemist) with a number of very enthusiastic, bright, curious but also pseudo-science-loving or at least -adjacent friends, and some of them present publish their opinions and intellectual edifaces around in various venues. It's a tricky business opening a useful dialog sometimes when I am asked for guidance, opinion and critique. Of course the issue of teleological reasoning comes up a lot, and frequently with cherry picking of sources as the prime and most prominent "red flag". Finding a way to correct glaring missteps productively without wounding and discouraging well-intended, curious folks can be quite a challenge. I find that success depends a great deal on the maturity and integrity of the receiver. One of my friends does make revenue and achieve influence from his work, and this does seem to make him especially refractory towards seeing the hand of teleology in his reasoning. My efforts frequently fail, but not always and I've kept the interaction flowing and productive by learning to just let some things go by. In your mission with Uncharted X, however, you have a tougher job to do and call to make. It would be so very easy to go "full snark" since indeed, spreading public ignorance is not a victimless crime (despite the ubiquity). I'm glad you don't give in; the public's too-frequent perception of professional scientists as being sharp-tongued finger-wagging buzz killers is just too easy to reinforce if we allow ourselves to be as conversationally direct with struggling amateurs as we might be towards our grad students. There's an important "ambassador thing" going here with what you're doing, and I salute the kindness and respect with which you deliver your message.

The issue is instead of forming a conclusion based off the evidence; they have a preconceived idea, which they then look around for evidence to support it. When they don't have a good enough scientific or philosophical reason to give that idea preference over all other evidence.

I'm so glad I found this channel. All the screaming at the screen I've done in my head watching these ANCIENT HIGH TECHNOLOGY youtubers is available on this channel in well researched video format, WIN WIN for common sense!

When i see these ancient cities i always imagine what those people did what was their day to day routines. What things consumed their thoughts. What did they think of life/esistance.

Miano with another banger of a video. Keep making positive contributions to the ever-expanding cloud of craziness that is the internet Doc!

It's always fascinating being able to learn about world history but even better is that it's free.

Im really grateful that people like you exist! Your argumentation is logical and respectful and i hope very much that that balances out (at least a little bit) all the emotionally charged and scientifically ignorant stuff on youtube!

Love your work on the Americas, it’s something we don’t learn much about in Europe (or at least I haven’t)

As an Engineer, I wondered if anyone measured the exact position of each astronomical feature of the observatory? If it's not accurately placed than error should have a wide range plus/minus. If they were all exactly the same error in the same direction, then I think their argument would be stronger.

Thanks AGAIN for the heads up on this subject 🌍✌

Excellent rebuttal to the equally long unchartedx video, which I somehow watched in its entirety, all the while getting more and more annoyed that it was mostly just a recapitulation of Posnanski's long discredited astroarchaeology work and contained basically nothing really new from a science perspective. It's heartening to see a well done point by point rebuttal that essentially mirrors most of what I was thinking as I sat through the unchartedx vid. Nice work, especially since you're fighting such an uphill battle against the seemingly unstoppable flood of online misinformation.

Another intelligent and careful analysis, including fair and grounded challenges to the unconfirmed speculations of others, who often claim academics are hiding or ignoring “the truth”. Clearly, academics DO consider all the evidence as they attempt to unravel history and lift the veil obscuring our past. Kudos.

What's hard for me to understand is why someone like UcX would go to all the trouble to make this documentary style video of his, put in the work to make sure he at least represents the sources accurately that he finds valuable and for what end? Is it a con? Is he consciously trying to mislead or deceive people? Or does he see himself as some sort of rogue scholar that's misunderstood by academia? Whatever the case is it seems strange to me for someone to be, IMO, wasting everyone's time and especially his own. Idk, the internet makes people do weird things.

Fighting the good fight against ignorance. Love your work.

Great video as always, thank you.

gday dr dave ive got a question about the rebuilding of these places. ive noticed that in a lot of the old photos the structure of not just this site are pretty degraded. mostly just mounds. who decides how to reconstruct the walls for example? and when did they rebuild them? early on? and how sure are we that the reconstructions are like the originals?

"In this video, we look at the evidence presented by UnchartedX to see how well it holds up." Spoiler alert: it does not hold up.

Another banger video, your longer ones are easily my favorites A binge of them got me through a 26 hour shift driving across Wyoming yesterday Thank you for your work

My word, this is exactly what I was looking for, thank you. I have watched quite a few Unchartered X videos and you have to say his style and delivery is very captivating; you are correct however, he raises points of interest but is careful never to resolve them. The other good thing I'd say about his channel is the inspiration it has given me to travel. I'm planning my first Egypt trip and through watching his channel I have too many pins in google earth! Having said that, the more I watch the more disappointed I am. The suble, and then not so subtle pressing of wildly speculative woo is tiring. I'm worried that Ben is realising the grift is worth more than the study, if so it's a damn shame, he is a good educator.

UnchartedX approach to a puzzle is to collect the pieces that match his preconceived idea and discard the pieces that won'f fit. What is left is a mess with holes.

Most notable of this site is the reconstruction in the last century. Just like Stonehenge, another mans interpretation of what it could have looked like to attract tourists. What is interesting is that the only fresh water sea horse lives in Lake Titicaca. (Flood?)

great video, very interesting hearing the actual explanations for this stuff.

Thanks for the rational and thoughtful presentation. The age others want to give to PumaPunku are just beyond common sense and not proven by any real evidence.

This is my favorite series because it exposes all the argumentative loopholes created by those arguing from a fixed position.

Chavin de Huantar is really great. Have visited it in may this year. There were just five other turists at whole site... At Casma valley no turists at all...

Oh goody! Historian's Craft released a video about Joya de Ceren, and now WoA releases a video about Tiwanaku. Very excited that more content is focused on the New World, pre-Conquest.

I would drink when he says “precision” but I’d like to live to see tomorrow.

Great video, I never saw anyone explaining such places in depth like you did. Thanks for sharing.

Thanks for this very thoughtful and thorough video lecture. You're providing a good service. It's nice to see that this channel is starting to get the attention it deservers with viewership. It's kind of difficult to figure out the motivation of Ben at UncharterX because he at least seems like he's not afraid of real research and putting in some amount of time on his subject, unlike the mindless parroting that goes on in so many of these alt-history channels. And yet he is either oblivious to the sound arguments against the claims he makes or else decides to ignore them without even making an effort to refute them. I guess, no different than the others, a healthy dose of cynicism will answer the questions of why.

nice to see expert long form studies of these marvels, shorts just don't cover all the necessary details of these fairly complex subjects. great job !

I was so much more enthralled by the footage collected by unchartedX and other background footage of the sites in question, especially shots of their farming and agricultural terraces. it's really impressive. No wonder after these peoples figured out how to raise food supplies like that they sprang up into major civilizations there. I'm not even sure what unchartedX was talking about in some parts because he sounded like he was rambling and I toned him out.

Love your work as always. I am hardly any kind of historian, I'm just an interested lay person. Frankly you don't even have to know about the exact history to debunk most of this guy's "work". They don't seem to understand how basic logic and Common Sense works. And every single time they say "there is great controversy" about whatever. What that really means is they disagree with all the actual scientists and historians across the Spectrum and they really want to just go with Ancient Aliens. Same thing when they say we don't know how whatever was made. 90% of the time we do or we have a really good idea. Again they just don't want to accept it. They'd rather go with the pyramids were built by levitating the giant stones with sonic waves provided by our alien godmasters. Lol 😆. Once again thanks for the education and the laughs. love your sense of humor .

please continue your series on debunking of uncharted x, its stellar work. Much appreciated !

I find your videos very informative and at the same time very entertaining. The comparison between an amateur and a professional! Ignorance is bliss when you have no accountability for your statements. I am engineer specialising in transmission design and if I ever venture into the "forums" where people are venting their ideas on transmission design, I simply want to scream into a pillow! Your videos are a good example of a profession specific language which can only be learnt by putting a lot of hard work, studying, learning and working in that actual field. You should do a video about the ooparts!

Keep up the great info!! Thank youu

The guys your calling out here definitely speculate at times but I truly do believe that men like Graham and Randall and even Brian are absolutely on to something. To simply discredit them with the wave of your hand because they have and do speculate at times is just ignorant. There dealing with stuff from beyond ancient times. Who the hell os alive today who really knows? All we have to go on are our ancient ancestors stories handed down and some old stories that were written down. Robert and other have shown beyond any doubt the Sphinx had to have bin carved at least 10k years ago. It's beyond clear that we definitely had a global civilization before and during the last ice age. The Hopi tribe tells us this great cataclysm has happened 4 times before and it will happen again. And where is the link to the original video you said you'd leave down below?

Definitely a refreshing change to see a video that actually checked facts and data collected on a site. It is definitely an impressive civilization no doubt. Great video Brother 👍👍😎🤟🤟♒️