Tiwanaku / Pumapunku Megaliths are Artificial Geopolymers 

I honestly believe he figured out the ancient megalithic "technology", and the great pyramid, its a shame how he's not more popular; he makes the most sense scientifically.

I have been hoping for years that somebody would take thin section samples from ancient megaliths and analyze them. Bravo! Chemistry and Physics work better than speculation.

Finally , a scientist research rather than book pushers and misinformed RU-vidrs .

i'm speechless. why doesn't this have a half a billion views? get him on rogan with hancock and carlson please.

At last, we have a plausible and believable theory on how the pyramids and monuments in several parts of the world were created! Aliens and deities had nothing to do with it, but human creativity and genius in action! Kudos, professor Joseph. You deserve a Nobel prize!

A solution for a mystery that has been around for so many years is here. In other words the ancient people from Tiwanaku and Pumapunku knew how to make a kind of cement. This is a brilliant work!

Congratulations to Joseph Davidovits because in this video he demonstrates a beautiful example of Scientific deduction and proof. Along with his theories and his research findings at the Geopolymer Institute his body of work should deserve a nomination for a Nobel citation or prize since the development of his findings into commercial applicatiions will revolutionise the construction environment.

This megalithic stone softening building technique can be seen throughout antiquity as it all came from the same cult of technology. The answers are out there! Bravo for Professor Davidovits and his associates!

Just remember, roman concrete technology was lost for over a thousand years

How does this explain the huge megaliths that have been made and left in quarry? We've also known how the stones were made for thousands of years, maybe tens of thousands.

Can we reproduce these geopolymers? Building structures with such survivability would be very useful.

Finally, some hardcore science used to reach true conclusions. Thank you so much .... Please fund this man and his team of experts possibly studying the megaliths of Egypt and Balbec

Much respect Joseph. You tackled a huge issue and explained it perfectly.

It would be a strong proof finding occasional inclusions like pollen grains, seeds or wood fibers within the andesite. And any traces of the molds? something like junction lines or imprints of the mold surface

Thank you Professor Davidovits for opening our eyes.

Es un descubrimiento increíble!!! No puedo creer no tenga más difusión.... Finalmente un estudio serio sobre este increíble lugar.

Thank You Professor Joseph Davidovits BRILLIANT work and so very much needed at long last. The sediment at the bottom of the oceans is call ooze. It consists on gazillions of shellfish, bones making a perfect binding agent. I've been waiting for this to finally get recognition and be taken seriously. It has always been my belief that the Mega Structures were made from Cementious Geo-Polymere materials of various kinds of stone particulates from limestone, sandstone, granite quartz obsidian and basalt among others with a binding material... It was the only thing that made any sense and explained everything ancient civilization left behind in megalithic structures found worldwide. No one can move such enormous stones let alone lift them hundreds of feet. Even the look of them reminds me of cement. I've worked with cement for decades filling forms, and building unique ponds before plastic forms and liners were available. The stonework in Egypt, South America, Nothern Europe, worldwide looked exactly what you would expect from filling cement forms. Some were finely trowled to slick finishes whereas others looked like a screed was used to level them off.

This is quite a game changer and a long time coming. The fact that archeology professionals seem to have the attitude of if it can't be explained in a easy or established way, they walk away from it.

Exactly 1 meter high megalithic well shaped stones...what a coincidence 🤔...from where and how long time ago the metric system origins!?

Absolutely fantastic presentation. Slam dunk in terms of conclusion, no reasonable person can argue otherwise. Need to get this out there!

Another question I have is if they had moulds, wouldn't they resort ofter to replicating the same shaped cast geopolymer stones and we would see more repetition?

So the megaliths studied, were created artificially with an ancient concrete, with a seemingly complex recipe... The ancients seemed to be far more knowledgeable & advanced in understanding, than we give tend to give them credit for.

So the geologists cracked it!, Ancient high technology theory (and separate Ancient Alien theories), mind blown? Simple farmers crushing rocks, transporting by Llamas and trading bird shit to mix concrete (geopolymer blocks), outstanding.

I’ve been pushing this guys work for years lol your Welcome Joseph ....

Fantastic and thank you! Please share your work with official media!

Professor Davidovits is the only man covering many fields of research of our past that I respect and support. He’s honest and is after the truth.

Brilliant study! there are many questions to answer yet but this is a really good start! thank you sooo much!

Very good! Thanks for the share. I agree 100% when he says, "These studies should be done WITHOUT television Geologists" If you have ever seen an Ancient Aliens episode with that infumus Gringo Tour guide and his cohorts then you'll see the humor in that statement. Thank you for the laugh, very rarely do we get that kind of humor in the middle of something like this presentation, which is awesome!

Much has been written about by Spanish Chroniclers. One half conquistador and the other, an Incan of royalty, Garcielaso de la Vega, wrote about the massive public works involved by tribute workers in constructing huge stone blocks by polishing and by application of lowered heat plus a red clay to ceramically finish a fascade on the Inca stone walls. Hulmut Tributch is the investigator in the video, "This is how they made the Inca stone walls" by Ancient Architects of 2019. Excellent download. The stone Masons observed that the miners of stones left pools of softened claylike softeners of stone and also watched Pito, the Andean woodpecker, soften rock clifts with beaksfulls of plants that softened stone, to make nests. The imagery in cylinder seals and bas reliefs in the Mediterranean suggests bird wings plus bags or purses. Speculatively, I suggest that the Masons observed the South American stone geopolymer builders and copied the origin story of a bird as wings and a bag as a break full of plants that softened stone.

Excellent conference. Thank you Prof. Joseph Davidovits. I also recommend his videos and studies on the stones of the pyramids of Egypt. Look for the documentary Ari Kat by Fernando Malkun also as a possible reconstruction of the technique of artificial stone in the building of the pyramids based on the work of Prof. Joseph Davidovits.

I have always been skeptical especially about science. What Mr. Joseph Davidovits mentions is very interesting. On the other hand, this, for me, remains theoretical as long as this chemical and mechanical process has not been reproduced. It is too easy to bring conclusions without demonstrating its feasibility. If you can recreate this cement manufacturing process I will be with you 100%. In addition, I believe that many companies will be very interested in this cement with exceptional qualities.

Now the big question: Why did they stop using this method?

This is awesome. I'm a little shocked I haven't stumbled across this until now and I'm glad I watched all of it, but really someone needs to summarize and edit this. You cut it to 20 minutes, insert a few more photos and better graphics and this video would have 2 million views.

The theory is interesting and surely it can be verified that, at that time, geopolymers could be manufactured but the scale and complexity of the manufacture of the blocks, makes it almost impossible that the original peoples could have carried it out. With what materials did they make the molds / formwork where to inject the geopolymer? The current construction with cement leaves the marks of the formwork on the surface, in this case there were none. They are my little doubts. Plausible but raises many questions

I'm only 5 mins in but I already have a question: If the people that built tiwanaku were able to make geopolymer, then why did they repair the red sandstone megaliths with metal clamps instead of filling the cracks with geopolymer?

Wow! I hope many more will visit and watch this video!

This is amazing! Please continue to update us!

Stone softening is not the same as pouring some sort of mixture into a mold. It takes time and only works on a surface. If you really think about it, more softening would require more softener. So the thicker the softener, the more the softening. Now say one puts two stones together and wants them to fit together better, so they add a stone softener, the places that the stones touch would have the least amount of softener.

Joseph Davidovits will become a legend. He solved it. All schools should teach this in the future.

...They must have been VERY Good Mold Makers....

Congratulations that is amazing and blows away so much confusion and mystery around the topic. There has been some progress elsewhere more recently but no one I know of has made a sample. That is the final step that proves the case. I saw this on a video from Ancient Architects video channel on RU-vid. That video reviews a paper by Helmut Tributsch for the SDRP Journal for Earth Sciences and Environmental Studies back in December 2017, titled ‘On the reddish, glittery mud the Inca used for perfecting their stone masonry’. That paper is based on eyewitness reports of Barnabè Cobo (1653) and Garcilaso de la Vega's writing in his 6th book . The idea is that acid from pyrite bacteria and or organic acid are used to dissolve silicate. He was focusing on the Peruvian stone wall and doesn't have nearly your experience or expertise.

If it's geopolymer then why don't we see continuous platforms, why is it always blocks?

So it was basically an ancient form of CONCRETE. Makes total sense. Why would they haul megalithic stones across miles and miles. When they could just pound it to dust mix some water in makes some molds and BOOM megalithic perfect right angles and designs.

Man, I watch this and my theories about these cities finally feel validated. Thank you so much for all your research. As a stone masons kid this absolutely fascinates me.

i'm so glad academic studies are finally being published on this topic. i'm also glad that heavy chemistry is finally getting involved instead of aliens, sound energy, giants or whatever other fairy tales conspirologists come up with.

Fascinating study! Is it possible to carbon-date the organic material found inside the rock? That might, once and for all, settle the question of when these monuments have been built.

Ok,this explain some things.. But "stone of the pregnant woman" in Baalbek is still embedded with one side in the quary,so how this story of softening stone fit there?

After walking uphill for 40 years, Davidovitz & co deserves a reward. Whish they made replicas from the natural sources to really rub it in opponents faces!

anyone who has worked with concrete and forms is aware of honeycombing and bubbles left in the finish even with the very large construction vibrators we still get this obvious detail also on big foundation block pours sometimes you get seepage on the bottom which is harmlessly left attached to the block and buried this detail is also seen on ancient megaliths ..I think a hell of a lot was poured then we are being told about...

Simply put: these guys have literally cracked the case.

it seems pretty sophisticated, not only the geopolymer but the design and details , like the small holes etc

Can this complete process be demonstrated? And then can the building technique also be demonstrated? This could solved many other building mysteries around the world...fascinating...!!! Thank you!!!!

Get this guy onto Joe Rogans podcast.

Have you ever looked into the serapeum of Saqqara? The granite boxed have these weird dents in them, as if they were once soft and something hit them, making an indentation. Now I'm not a rock expert, but it seems pretty weird that such a hard rock would act like that. They weigh about 100 tones each, and seems virtually impossible that people moved them in such close spaces. The boxes of Elephantine island are curious in the same way. So many things we don't know about the ancient world. It seems the whole world was connected once, through some way we don't know yet.

Better than the status quo and the Graham Hancock crowd. This is an actual explanation for how seemingly unequipped cultures technologically could make such freaking huge structures. The fact that multiple cultures around the globe theoretically used this also means theoretically they did have contact, meaning that Graham Hancock may not be entirely wrong, the theories aren't mutually exclusive. Amazing work good sir!

Amazing what results you find when you get the correctly qualified expert looking at the findings!

How was the date of 600 to 900 AD reached for construction of Puma Punku? Very exciting to hear appearance of geopolymers, very advanced techniques.

Cast stone is an ancient science, Romans started to use it before AD 0.00. We have nowadays all kinds of cast stone, or cast in place using concrete, fake rock, brick, concrete blocks, terracotta blocks, brick veneer, etc. Positively south America ancient architects used the most common material by then, easy to pick up from old lake mines. I will not be surprised if 50,000 years in the future people will wonder about our precast storm sewer basins.

Not to forget that the salt water for curing would also be right there. Fantastic work! Nicht zu vergessen wäre, daß das Salzwasser zum Aushärten auch gleich vor Ort wäre. Fantastische Arbeit!

Makes so much more sense than moving massive blocks. Occam's Razor.

How you are going to explain unfinished andesite blocks in quarry in Peru? Is it geopolymer too?

The age of the stones presented is the mainstream accepted age. Was any carbon dating done on the stones, assuming it could be done because of the presence of organic material inside ? It is obvious that it was cast into molds. My question is, are the stones really 1400 year old ? If you've watched Graham Hancock or Brien Foerster talking about, for example Machu Pic'chu the newer work done by the Inca is far inferior to the megalithic blocks that they supposedly found and built upon. Which suggests an ancient lost civilization. And to repeat myself, has any carbon dating been done on the stones, if it is possible at all. Thank you.

Excellent. The Chemistry reactions are fantastic and invaluable. Congratulations.

Excellent summary. I think this is the proper idea. It also explains the large stone in Cuzco which has always looked poured to me.

I always had a feeling this technology was possible

Shame it's arriving only in 2019. Yet we've got billionaires purchasing football clubs for fun, million-dollar baseball cards and other things instead of funding these awesome people, who genuinely help every living soul on this planet to actually know their past.

Man throughout the ages works things out eventually. This guy spent over 30 years to workout something we couldnt do or understand/comprehend how so called primitives could do something so advanced. respect.

Fantastic work! Finally... applied science to prove this important hypothesis, as an engineer I knew this had to be done with a cement like material and done with forms like a foundation in order to create the inside sharp corners and flat surfaces. Impressive analysis, especially the connections to material locations. Are you going to do a similar analysis on the Cusco walls? Is someone else doing that analysis? Thanks-

Sensationell. Questions of a long life are solved. Thank you very much indeed

This is so important for our history.

Brilliant! Have been following your work for years, and appreciate you!

Since this is not stone, this can be carbon dated and a time of when this was made.

The transportation of the megalithic blocks in Turkiye and elsewhere that are obviously quarried (where some are still in situ at the quarry) are still a vast mystery because of their sheer mass and weight.

I watched the presentation to the end sitting on edge of my chair literally. This is a very precise presentation and great research. What I find very interesting is the finding of plastic polymer components because this technique was discovered in around 1930 or 1940 I'm not sure exactly when but not much earlier. How did the ancient Bolivian people know about this type of chemistry? To use acids from plant materials as binders also seems very advanced but to make plastic materials is on another level. Maybe there were ETs who brought this knowledge with them including the building block molds for making the cement because when I first saw the H formations I too thought those look like cement blocks from molds similar to modern construction blocks. So in Pumapunku that seems to be the case for sure. But in other places I saw exact cuts like laser cuts into gigantic stone walls which is another indication of ET technology together with the folklore tales from the past that angels came to Earth. I was also thinking that maybe advanced civilizations had evolved on Earth in the distant past on their own. But the tales from around the globe all seem to talk of the same events of UFOs landing and the people teaching the humans about higher technology. Another question I have is can the organic matter particles seen inside of the composite be carbon dated? Would be interesting to see how far they date back. Then the question arises are the carbon particles already part of the feldspar stones that were ground up or were they added by people in order to create the hardener material?

History rewritten! Well done sir. Chapeau.😌

If all of this what you are saying is true, this is a revolutionary finding. It's really surprising that no one solved this enigma before. The history of the world could be changed if this building technology would be applied in modern architecture. Buildings defying time, undestrustable cities. All you need now is a good investor that will bring your findings into construction business. Thank you for sharing the video.

Dear Prof. Joseph Davidovits, I would like to take this opportunity to thank you very much for your efforts in the science of geopolymer formations. I am enjoying your presentation very much! My background as a Toolmaker, then Mech. Engineering and later Applied and Experimental Physics and Plasma physics and chemistry. I have for many years thought that when I saw these stones and others from around the world from ancient sites where far too precise for them to be made from any other process but some kind of mold. This is especially notable with the precise interior 90 deg. inside corners observed with the stones you showed. The only other method might be some kind of electric discharge machining which I doubt very much existed at the time these stones where made. Your argument a mold was used is the most plausible I have heard to date and would argue your conclusions are correct. The experimental work we do is based on facts and good post-experimental analysis. Thank you and warm regards, Montgomery Childs - Chief Science Officer - The SAFIRE Project.

They need to talk about the formwork. They haven't done much but opened up a whole new set of questions, to pour these like concrete you would need a while new set of tools that didn't exist for these people. As a very experienced builder, this theory only complicates things. They don't really seem to grasp how difficult it would be to do what the say was done. I agree that the ancients used technology that we are far from understanding, but this is pretty far from explaining what that technology was in my opinion.

Very cool! 2 suggestions: (1) write an instruction manual for rammed earth buildings, and (2) this should be an Indiana Jones type movie.

Excellent analysis. Thank you for the great forensic work.

This video: 2478 views. The latest mumble rap video: 2478 million views. This world's priorities.... More people need to watch this!

this makes perfect sense, answers the question of how these stones were made. my question is WHO taught them to do this?

great and informative presentation. my only question and maybe I missed this part, if these artifacts were somehow molded, how and out of what were the molds made? if they only had access to stone tools how could they make something so smooth and with sharp angles? The mold theory makes sense but now let's find out it was done.

Brian Foerster watch this video

But their are some that were still being cut out of the mountain like a mile away, we know exactly where they cut these blocks.

It appears to me that the precision cuts of the megalithic stone may have been accomplished by Magnetism. Specifically using focused Dielectric fields to cut and shape the stones. If this is so then it explains the organic shaping and fitting we observe. This might be the way it was done. Stone #1 is set in place and stone two needs to be butted up to it with exact fitting. Stone #2 is still in the rough and is placed close to stone 1 in which a scribe is used to trace, or follow, the contours of stone #1. The scribe has the Dielectric focusing mechanism on its opposite side which cuts stone #2 to the exact fit to stone #1. Stone #3 is placed following the same technique as above. This whole process is continued for the entire structure. The beveled edges of the stones appear to have been carved by a similar Dielectric focusing principle but this time the shape of the edge of the Dielectric cutting tool is constructed so that the field is small and is handheld. This is the simplest explanation I can come up with that explains the impressive fitting of the stones. The more complex explanation is the Dielectric field device or mechanism. I have a sneaking suspicion that the Ancients knew the true nature of Magnetism and were able to exploit it. Nikolai Tesla undoubtably figured out how to use the Dielectric as a method of transferring electrostatic into a form of cutting tool. Due to the politics of the day of the combined giants such as Graham Bell, Marconi, Firestone and Wells Fargo, Tesla and his inventions were cast aside in favour of maintaining steady profit from the sale of electricity. Tesla on the other hand was interested in inventing mechanisms based on Magnetism. He was a pure analytical scientist who figured out things by trial and error which gave him the knowledge of Magnetism from experience. It is because of this I believe he discovered how to direct the Dielectric fields into novel ways such as being used to cut and shape stone. The scoop marks on the stones reinforce the idea that a Dielectric focusing tool may have been used. Food for thought Chasing Dragons

Any update on the carbon dating?

Scientists call all of those structures temples but in reality those were just dwelling places for ETs. I'm glad to see that scientists discovered that those megaliths were made with stone amalgmation called stone polymers containing different stone materials as well as metals for extra strength and longevity.

Nope, gave it a chance, but unless they're making something outta geopolymer that matches any piece of the hardstone pieces. Doesn't explain cut marks. Etc etc

In ancient ruins we see many walls built with small bricks, which were in turn bound by a "glue" like material. Why we do not hear studies on such a glue? Could ancient people have made stones with this "glue"?

I've been looking for a long time to have a clue like this. Mix with Santiago Agurto Calvo reference work on Construction Arquitectura y Planemiento Incas, put it to the test by building several wall types described in the book. And re-write a little piece of the history of ancients south american people. Great :)

Very interesting...but the complicated factors are still conflicting. Anyway that you look at it Puma Punku is an enigma

So who in the ancient past had this tech, herdsmen, hunter gatherers seems to me this makes the mystery much more compelling.

B.S. Even if you figure out how to a 40 ton block up a 12000 ft mountain you still have to have an advanced knowledge of mathematics/geometry to build the structures. Besides there are many tool marks found on monoliths all over the world including puma punku as well as many stones half cut/quarried and never finished. Even a brief amount of time spent on research debunks this video.

Check mate to all laser /antigravity /aliens fairy tales

What a fantastic presentation! Very well structured hypothesis!

Congratulations to all involved in this discovery!. I have been following Mr. Davidovitz research for years. I have published a book related to the enigmas of the Inca Empire in Castilian. The exotic H shaped sculptures that experts and curious alike attracts in Pumapunku has been finally decoded. It would be ideal that the Geopolymer Institute can do a similar research in Sacsayhuaman with the collaboration of the Peruvian Ministry of Culture. I am sure there will be more discoveries to understand the past and perhaps to know how the ancient Egyptian Civilization developed a similar construction technique.

Jimmy from bright insight needs to see this.

Even so. Knowing its artificial is even moreso amazing!!!

C' est formidable. I'm very appreciate . Thank you Mr. David.