The Comprehensive Newbie Guide to LEDs in Miniatures Terrain 

I am an electromechanical engineer and I was a professor at the University for 25 years, of course I know what you taught in this video. But it is the clearest, most direct, useful, enjoyable teaching I have ever seen. I congratulate you, because it will be of great value to many and an example of how to make a teaching video

As an electrician and hobbyist, I approve of this video. Good show.

Thank you for actually explaining this. Most videos on this subject are basically just adverts for products. This is what RU-vid should be.

Understood more in 14 minutes than I did over entire units on electricity back in high school. Thank you for this.

This was the best teaching video I've ever seen for electronics basics

Thank you for going into some basic theory, not just "do this, it's cool!" More crafters are doing this sort of work, it's great to have resources on it from you, as well.

Best teaching video i have ever seen.Love Your knowlage and peace in Your voice.Im a car mechanic and start learning electronics few months ago.Even my english its not so good i inderstood everything You say.Love it.Btw diorama looks great.Hope will finde more videoas from You about electronics.Cheers from Poland.🥂

Thank you for providing a straightforward, clear presentation on not only using LEDs, but the basics behind them. I need to watch this a few more times just to take notes.

Thank you! I used to put together Radio Shack kits in my youth, but since I'm not an engineer, I forget a lot of what I learned then. Easy to understand, great explanation.

Thank you for making this video simple. I have seen many videos either on You Tube or during my days in class watching those almost broken film shows before videos. They were hard to follow with heavy formulas. Or the film broke. At least class was over because off that

A superb presentation - both myself and my 10 year old son were mesmerised and inspired! We are now thinking of wiring up a Landraider tank based on this!!!! Thanks!!!!

I have started using LEDs in my builds. This video made me a lot more comfortable doing so. Nice job!

The best electrical circuit primer I have ever watched. Well done sir!

I'm almost immediately reminded that I want to disassemble a vacuum cleaner for bits..

Fantastic video. A+ presentation and delivery!

Dude...thank you so much for the class! This is awesome! Must have video. No more wasteful led light strips or annoying tealights. Saved to my terrain crafting folder!!

This is the best demonstration I've seen on this topic. Even though I'm already familiar with everything taught - except the tip about the chritmas light LEDs - I watched the whole thing through, instant subscribe.

First of all, awesome teaser, got me really excited about upcoming build. Secondly and most importantly, the guide is great. I was avoiding the led lighting in my own builds for ages (lying to myself that it is not that great feature anyway) but now I feel empowered to try. Thanks for sharing this!

Thanks for the fantastic overview!

Excellent stuff. Thanks Wyloch

Excellent video, I'm an electrical apprentice and warhammerer and I approve of this message.

Brilliantly explained. Thank you for this video!

So helpful thank you. This made it so much easier to understand.

Dude! This may be the perfect video. We'll done. You've made something I've struggled to get my head round for ages make perfect sense. 👏👏

It's weird how I knew most of this and still feel like I learned something! Well done!

Thank you. I've been looking for a video like this.

Oh man thank you for this no nonsense demo. I've been so confused.

Did electronics for years in the Navy working on Sonar systems. Wish you had taught the Basic Electronics course.

this has helped me greatly i was thinking on how to start using leds for my projects and didnt know how to go about wiring them and this video has helped me thank you

An amazing tutorial and now I'm interested in adding lights to some sort of crystal terrain.

Thank you!!! I'm only just starting with working on LED lighting in dioramas...and this was SUPER useful!!!

Oh man, I’m so sick of using tealights. Saved this to my ‘game changing info videos’ playlist XD. Thank you so much for this.

Yes you can add batteries in series/parallel... BUT they have to be the same type (lead-acid, LiPo, NiMh, etc) or same like AA/AAA/C/D etc and also the same voltage! So don't mix them and even tho you have a 6V lead-acid and a 12V lead-acid, don't combine them. The result is that they exchange an internal currant from 1 battery to the other and will destroy the battery/cause fire... Don't mix non-rechargeble AA with rechargeble AA (1.5V vs 1.2V) Also putting LEDs in series will work with lesser amps, thus resulting in longer battery life, but if 1 LED dies, the circuit is open and ALL light will go out. If in parallel an LED dies, the rest will still burn. Yes the long leg of the LED is the +, but what if they bent and broke off? A few things you can see to determine what + and - is on a LED. All + is: longest leg, smallest anode inside bulb, round side of the bulb. All the - is: shortest leg, biggest cathode, flat side. I'm Dutch so we used KNAP to remember it (Kathode Negative, Anode Positive) --> Knap is the Dutch word for handsome 😉 NEVER put a LED to a power source without a resistor!!! The LED is an Diode so it will be like short circuiting the voltage source with a wire... (but because the internal resistance of CR2032, and not capable of delivering high currents, in this case it's "OK" to do this test... Don't do that with say a 6V lead-acid battery or you will burn the legs of the LED in your flesh... I know...

Wow. My physics teacher, lovely as he was, could have used this as a 'how to teach basic electronics' lesson. What a superb video - and one I shall use and return to regularly, until the basic rules have properly sunk in. Thank you SO MUCH!

Awesome, took a class on computer architecture in college that went over all this but haven't actually used it in years, now I kinda wanna get into using arduinos in terrain.

Fantastic sir thank you much for this I want to light a model of the uss enterprise A and it seems so overwhelming but after this I can total confidence and no worries I know it can be done and how to go about it correctly now. Great informative video

Thank you so much for this tutorial. I've been scared to try anything with any electrical circuitry and now I feel that I could do some things using LEDs and resistors (I never ever knew what purpose those had!) and batteries without frying myself. OK, I probably wouldn't have fried myself but I sure would've done it totally wrong.

A million thanks mate!

Thank you so much ! I wanted to start a project of Necron terrain with some LEDs, and this will be very useful !

Thank you for this video. I have been interested in doing this, but have no background in electronics at all, but this video was succinct and clear. I feel I could actually attempt a couple of simple things without doing something extremely stupid. Thanks again.

Looking forward to the cyberpunk build!

Fantastic video, im currently trying to put two LEDs in my imperial knight head.

Right back to physics class :) Thanks for the flashback, and cool video. BTW... this would have been a great video to collab on for my video tomorrow.

Great video! Love the simplistic approach to incorporating lightning into our craft. Thank you! Can’t wait for your cyber punk vid.

I didn't realize that wire was available LITERALLY ANYWHERE. I guess I can cancel my trip to home depot and just walk across the street to the local park instead. (haha, just kidding around, I know what you mean, and thanks for the video. I hope to do this one day)

Very handy.

you're an absolute saint

yes adding 2 9v batteries becomes 18V but it does not increase the a-hr of the battery so it will not last any longer. If you connect in parallel then the voltage stays the same but then you increase the A-hr of the batteries which increases how long they last. So if you connect it in a combination circuit, you can increase voltage and A-hr. Just know that increasing the voltage does not increase how long the battery lasts.

Excellent information here, Bill, succinct and easy to follow. Although I doubt I'll go down the LED route (at least with the current workspace), this would certainly be my go to video. However, around here we pronounce solder "sah-dah" ;).

This has been the clearest, more directed and amazing electrical tutorial I have seen! This simple concept always makes my brain wrap into knots and I constantly have to relearn it. (Never learned resistors before). So my goodness! Thank you. You're a fantastic teacher! Both in regards to the information presented but also in providing a low stress alternative with the resistor test towards the end. I'm adding a breadboard to my cart as we speak thanks to this. (Also don't worry. I still want to get to know how to KNOW what I'm doing and not just doing it. So I'm excited to start understanding and using the spec sheets with my LEDS for more immediate control too)

Hey Wyloch, I was hoping since you are doing more large terrain kits and a fellow Ultramarines player. I was thinking maybe you could consider doing a set similar to but not like the fortress of Hera on Macragge. Love the videos as always!!!

Great video Wyloch! I just got done with a bunch of LED work too and I've learned you can never have too many! Cheers

Great stuff! Gave me some serious shake-and-bake USAF electrical engineering flashbacks ;-)

Hey there, this video is so helpful, thanks a lot! Are you planning on making another one covering blinking LEDs (with built in transistors) like in the LED tealights?

Love the shirt!!! Also great clip for the video! Love that meme! Looking forward to catching up on your videos!

Yeah! Notification gang! Looks interesting, always wanted an updated version to your old tutorial! Also, just saw the cyberpunk terrain, looks awesome!

Best video on this subject I have seen! Thank you!

I am actually wanting to work in a cyberpunk board for opr and infinity. Really looking forward to your tutorial.

Love using 402 micro LED with 30ga wire

Oh man, when I unpack my Christmas decorations this year I may have to sacrifice a strand to the gods of crafting! Thank you for giving such nice definitions of terms before launching into the explanation! This video is definitely staying on my reference list.

I have been watching your videos since I found your first dungeon tile videos. While your crafting techniques and video style has evolved what you have kept and what always keeps me coming back is how systematic, clear and thorough you are. Excited to see the finished cyberpunk build!

I just love your videos! Gets my brain going and starts my own terrain creativity!

I clicked Like for the thumbnail alone.

I also thought of harvesting chrisrmas light, they used to work with electrical power supply can you use that as well

Dammit! I came for fun and ended up learning stuff! Perfect timing for my crafting as I'm diving into LEDs now. Also, I did still have fun! Great vid!

AWESOME! I've always been raised in the wise mindset of "It'll shock you to hell and back so don't mess with it" so seeing a really nice, concise video explaining the basics is really encouraging to see. Will definitely use this video later in my projects!

I would be careful just tossing an LED on a 3v battery I have totally smoked (and was confused why the yellow LED was red) a few LEDs. There are some sweet LED testers you can get that are current controlled that are a better option

Sadly, I failed algebra every year I took it….which didn’t start till 9th grade. And I haven’t gotten to the tea light stage either. I’ll keep looking.

Dang! I've definitely been illuminated. Will have to refer back to this video when I use more than one LED.

But if u have limited spaces for the batteries example on gunpla, u need to build it in pararel, it will draw larger ampere but same voltage across all the leds. So all the leds across the gunpla can be powered by 1 single batteries. And little tips use SMD led 0402 0603 0805 its much smaller like 1.6x0.8 mm. And u can search for SMD resistor too.

dude you don't buy LEDS from a supplier for hobby purposes! that's for people designing things they hope to make a commercial product. you pay extra for reliability. for hobby just order your stuff off ebay from china. the minor variances in brightness and occasional dud (i haven't had one yet) are no problem for hobbying. and on ebay you can find just about every type of led u can think of, usually in bags of 100pcs for a couple of bucks.

Hi, thanks again for the awesome video! I am trying to assemble my own circuit now. And I do have a question: At around 12:50 you show a circuit of 3 LEDs in a row and that paralleled 4 times in total. How is it possible that 3 blue LEDs with a forward voltage of around 3 V each light up with a 9V battery? Wouldn't 9V - 3-3-3 equal 0? And what is the resistance used for that? I am a bit confused... Thanks in advance!

so ... here's an issue I'm having. I have a series circuit of 3 LEDs... two of them are lit sort of dim (but actually at the brightness i would like) and the one closest to the negative lead is super bright... would installing a resistor help even the lights out? does it matter where I install it in the sequence (for example, between the dim and bright bulbs?)

Awesome!! Masterclass Tabletop game LED 101!!! Thanks a lot for that, it's very useful! :) ..Also, if I may, It would be great if yo can show how to use DC or USB (5V) "battery pack/ power bank" as the power sources. Thanks again.

Thanks for making this so clear to understand. I’m keen to make some neon flashing signs. Any tips?

This was perfect resurrection of my grade 5 physics classes!

Electronics tech here. Good job, great vid! (well near the end of the vid I cringed hard, but fair enough.)

0:49 Actually a resistor will transfer the electrical energy into heat energy, so be careful people!

Thank you, for this excellent, concise extremely helpful video.

typical forward voltage for LEDS: 1.8-2.3 for red and yellow 2.8-3.6 for green, blue and white.

Omg I’ve been watching like 10 other vids trying to figure out what ohm resistor I need and the calculators confused me but you made it click thank you so much Only thing is you skipped flux but it’s technically not required (think)

Great stuff friend 👏 👍

I haven't played with breadboards, resisters, and LED's since 1998. Collage/Tech School was about the last time I used a Soldering Iron.

If lazy, you could also just use a Christmas tree LED chain...of course you are less flexible and need to find a way to route it through the entire terrain without being visible...where you don't want it to be visible... If you want to get maximum flexibility and get better at working with electronics, this is a great video to get started though!

This video is fantastic. I rarely work with electronics so I have to review all this material every time. This video is a great refresher that covers all the important material quickly.

this is an awesome video, thanks for sharing. Have you looked at the COB LED strips? Just started looking into them for a new Space ship model Im working on

I have a question for whoever reads me: Is there a preferable type of battery that is more respectable with the environment? I am not clear about the duration of these batteries, considering that I have a project in hand for several buildings that may be used regularly, so as not to use them in "excess", when I could be using another energy source. Obviously using the power grid is out the ecuation since they will be modular. Thanks in advance, loved the video!

i made a LED tree every branch is a serie , there are 2 branches with 4 LED series wich i have noticed that when I unplug the power suply those eight LED turnf of more slowly than the rest.. are 3mm yellow LEDs fed with 19 v and I used a 560 ohms resistor for each 4LED serie. Is it any issue or it´s just the resistors dissipating the current? Excuse my English im a spanish native speaker

Thank you. I knew jack about this stuff. Now I’m scratching the surface. Woohoo!

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An Excellent Video making for much easier working out of lighting. Many thanks for producing and posting this video.

Install electrolytic capacitors any way round you like, kids. That's definitely never a problem, ever.

Hi, would you consider producing a video that includes led’s that have prewired resistors and also how to select a proper wall power supply that converts to 12v DC. What are the considerations of selecting amp output of said supply etc.?

hi just saw this vid... idk if you'll read this but what if i want to use a usb plug or a adapter to power the lights? so that i don't have to deal with batteries... thank you in advance

Well, it's the first time I followed avideo about electronics and stayed to the end AND understood everything, you're good man ^^

I appreciate the video! Been watching quite a few LED videos over the past day. Yours was very helpful!

What if I wanted to put an LED inside of a 3D printed character miniature? Is there a battery that could power an LED that could fit into a 30mm scale mini?

yessssssssss!

This was a really well made video, easy and concise but what 4th grader do you know that is learning algebra? that was like 7th grade or 8th grade but a lot of my classmates didn't get taught algebra till 9th grade lol

"All you need is basic 4th grade Algebra knowledge." Welp, I'm out.