Your best bet if you want to get it going is to completely disable the engine and to a complete overhaul. The expense will exceed the value of the tractor. The power steering pump is on the fan staft.
Sorry about the cam gear, as you unlocked it. I unlocked a 620 after removing the head. When I removed the head I found the same crusty stuff in cyl. 2 also stuck to the bottom. I used the curve end of a box end wrench to break it free from bottom of cyl. wall. I thought maybe at the time and still do it might of been rust from the rusting out manifold. But if so how could it get past the valve? I'm waiting for money for parts also be a couple months, myself. At least you didn't make the mistake like me and try and unlock it by turning it backwards. seems it reaches a barrier in reverse I never found out what that barrier was. Hope I didn't wreck anything from that. but my fan turned so I was ok there
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That's a crazy amount of crud. I wonder if mice or mud daubers hauled all that junk into the cylinder, followed by water getting down the exhaust pipe and solidifying it.