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The idea that history began with Herodotus is a heuristic tool used because it is desired that a linear progressive historiography be taught. A cyclical history involving a long decline was nearly universal around the globe, as shown by the myth of the eternal return, Hesiod's ages of mankind, the Biblical fall from paradise, the Hindu yugas, and grand historical cycles in American Indian beliefs.
Although a linear progressive history was expressed by Democritus and Lucretius, the majority of European historians still held to a decline historiography until the Battle of the Books (Quarrell Between the Ancients and Moderns in France) in the 1600s. Francis Bacon was one of the first to adopt a linear progressive historiography.
Student of ancient non-IE languages in Europe & near-Asia here. Lots of holes in the arguments quoted, but well presented in an engaging manner which prompts further study. Subscribed.
Guarda che i Rasenna sono italici al 100% gli studi a cui si riferisce uesta sprovveduta sono stati abbandonati da anni perché superati da nuove conferme scientifiche e archeologiche 🤦
My parents’ village was an Etruscan village before becoming a Roman settlement. Wherever they dig to build homes they find Etruscan tombs and Roman ruins. Everyone knows about these ruins but no one wants to publicise them as tourism and attention would upset the peace in the village. Notoriety really doesn’t matter to the inhabitants; we are fully aware that our glorious heritage is written all over our faces and in everything we do. And that’s all that matters to us.
I just discovered this channel and I think it's great. I live in Italy and I recently went to a museum in Ferrara about the ancient city of Spina, en etruscan settlement where people lived among water channels. I have always been fascinated by this ancient culture. Where once was Spina now there is a small marine town called Comacchio, where they also live among water channels and their dialect is so unique and different from those around. I wonder if some etruscan is still present in some of their words.
Welcome aboard! I must get to Ferrara! I have been to Italy many many times and was in Sicily earlier this year. But I really want to explore more Etruscan sites and artefacts!
@@MegalithHunter be very welcome in Italy anytime 🤗 Also Comacchio and Adria (both in the area of the Po delta and near Ferrara) have fascinating etrurian museums to visit, with very well preserved objects and even the remnants of an ancient ship. Thank you for sharing these interesting videos!
I was an au pair for a wonderful family near Ferrara. Beautiful city - sadly l have to bake my own Pampepato and make my own Cappellacci di zucca nowadays but, if you get the chance, l recommend trying both of them.
The profoundness of your statement that genetics, linguistics, & culture don't always go hand-in-hand is a real eye opener. Similar to something I learned years ago about how writing systems weren't necessarily invented by the language currently using them. Same with counting or arithmetic systems.
If steppe people came in I would expect to see some mitochondrial DNA that was still hunter gatherer or other non-Indo-European origin and Y's that were.
Greeks are using an alphabet based off of Phoenician, the order of the letters tend to be the similar to the order of letters in Hebrew. Eg. Alpha (Aleph), Beta (Beth), Gamma (Gimmel), Delta (Daleth). Hebrew is a related in pronounciation language. Written Hebrew is an independent development.
Family history part of history and culture behind genetics if you know your ancestry chances are your made up of tribal enemies and friend mixing. Barbarians, Romans, Egyptian connection for example and colonization that mixed us all up pretty much.
I'm Scottish American and apparently I have a genetic condition passed down the maternal line back to ancestral Mediterranean mothers. Guessing maybe the Romans or French William the Conquerer 1066 knows. Anglo Saxon and Imagine a bit of Viking and Danish, etcetera considering Scottish history and European migrations.
Steppe people = Hungarian, Kipchak, Pecheneg, basically Turkic. Just compare Etruscan Runes to Hungarian Runes to Turkic Runes to Scandinavian Runes. 1 man read them all. Research Kazim Mirsan. He was born near the Caspian Sea, spoke all Turkic dialects, 11 to be specific, educated in Turkey as an engineer he went to Germany for post graduate studies in engineering, lived and worked in Germany and Switzerland as an engineer. He speaks fluent German, fluent English, fluent Russian and learned Latin, Greek and Italian, enough to pursue his research. He did this all as an independent researcher interested in finding the roots of the Orkhun alphabet. He even read Scandinavian runes. He figured out some of the runes scattered around the steppe on stones all the way to Scandinavia are basically location markers for those hunting hunting and scouting parties in the vastness of the steppe and the tundra so they can find their way back to their tribe/village. Kazim died I. 2016 at a the ripe age of 97. He was a walking encyclopedia.
@@eeelmen Cucuteni was destroyed or assimilated since the Great early Bronze Migration.Better osteological analysis the remnants of the herder animals like horses etc.
@@MegalithHunter Yes, an enjoyable presentation, with nice maps and not overly long. I was particularly taken by your idiosyncratic pronunciation of "coolture". The inner Prof Higgins in me wants to know more: Yorkshire?
My favorite ancient civilization and this is truly groundbreaking and the kind of information that remained elusive until now! My first question is, was Etruscan language a relic preserved by a distinct migrating steppe culture, or was it an aboriginal language adopted by settling steppe nomads? The brief mention of Etruscan divination reminds us that their practices of consulting the gods for everything and of reading signs in nature has affinities with Siberian and steppe shamanism and animistic worldviews. Perhaps the Etruscan progenitors were a separator Eurasian culture, conservative of language and lifeways, that got caught up in the westward migrations spearheaded by the Indo-Europeans. Or perhaps they spearheaded them. The beautiful Etruscan chariots from the Classical period reveal the Rasna were not unfamiliar with horse culture.
@@gregorynixon2945 Language does not always align with culture, but Etruscan is a language with no known relations. If there is alignment, then the Etruscans can only have been pre-Indo-European, supposing they emerged from Asia, Asia Minor, or even the Eurasian steppe. If there is no alignment, anything is possible. It would be nice if Etruscan DNA samples could be found. I do seriously doubt they will be R1a or R1b if they are. No R1 male haplotype, no Indo-European, save for incidental genetic baggage. More likely Proto-European I1 or I2, or even First Farmers G, etc.
Wrong. Nothing ground breaking about anything she said. Etruscans were black people. Etruscan sculptures that remain clearly depict black people. Why are people so racist as to routinely attempt to erase or steal black history ?
@@davidmilton5887 You're attempting a joke, of course. Just because blackware was occasionally used, there NO real indication Etruscans were black Africans.
Excellent segment on a fascinatingly complex topic with beautiful landscapes, architectures, layers of history, wonderful people, endless tomb worlds and insanely tasty grub and drink!
Elisabeth Hamel ("Das Werden der Völker in Europa", Berlin, 2007) suggests that the Basques, whose language is also non-indoeuropean, but is well documented, are survivors from the pre-ice age era. Southern Europe remained habitable throughout the ice age, so the Etruscans could like the Basques also be a pre-ice age people. The Celts colonised Europe only after the ice age (from 10.000 BC).
may be but it should be visible in genetics as well as pre IE origin leads to arctic region of north east Asia (ANE) Basques are weird with their rh- being top in Europe and nobody takes into account how blood conflicts killing babies can affect patterns of cultural continuity
Actually Etruscan writings has been deciphered by Kazım Mirşan in 1965 and published in 1970 and was discovered that Etruscan language was a branch of Proto Turkish and Etruscans are Proto Turkic people, who came from Anatolia, settled first in Glozel (Austria) and then in Umbria in 13th BC.
@@GGTanguera It is possible to trace proto Turks (from the writings and findings) at least 10.000 years before today in Asia. And Anatolia (today's Turkey) was just one of the homelands of proto Turks dating back thousands of years. Actually it is not the first time but the last time that Turks of today's Turkey come to Anatolia 15 centuries after the disappearance of Etruscans. All the studies and deciphered inscriptions are presented to Professors of Etruscan Studies in Italy by Kazım Mirşan, but they would not accept that European ancient history could have anything to do with Turks for known reasons.
Great video. How to explain their incredible building skills? We find gigantic polygonal walls all over Tuscany and Lazio. It is still unexplained and so fascinating.
Gigantic polygonal walls also exist in areas of Italy that were not inhabited by Etruscans, and archaeologists have often dated them as more recent than the beginning of Etruscan civilization. So they have no real connection to the question of Etruscan origins.
Great Summary about Etruscans Origins. One remark Lydians were Indo-european tribe wchch Invaded Anatolia maybe in the thimes or Trojan war (1200 BC) and native people from Lemnos and Troy may have different origin (Pelasgians or some else). Colonization from Lemnos to Etruria could be very old (Minoan times?). NGL Hammond in his History of Greese writes a few words about pree-Greek population of Greece (before 2000 BC) who had trade contacts with Italy. Because genetics is not allways connected with language, the correct hypothesic sould be as follows: There was colonization from Aegean to Italy in Minoan or Mycenian Times. Then around 1500-1200 BC Italy was conquered by stepe warriors from Pannonia (Hungary) - Italic tribes. Those Italic warriors dominated over local population in most of Italy giving coquereg people a new Italic languages but in some regions (Liguria, Etruria) local languages survived. However DNA was mixed and maybe finally couquerors adapted the language of local population. Of course other hypothesis are still valid. Dan Davies podcast about history of Terramare culture is quite interesting in this conext.
@@skylinelover9276 As I know Ionian Greeks have several haplogrups. But in Southern Europe haplogrups ar not connected with language because there were many migrations in ancient times.
Thanks Laura, interesting video, plenty of food for thought. I wonder if the Etruscans were one of the Sea Peoples from the Late Bronze age collapse, maybe the Teresh? Maybe the origin of their language was like in Corsica and Sardinia?
@@LilBriskoTV_ I think John is referring to the mysterious "sea peoples" mentioned in ancient Egypt, during the reign of Ramses III. Nobody has yet come to a firm conclusion as to the identity of said sea peoples.
Vivo e lavoro a Cerveteri. Non capisco l'inglese quindi non riesco a capire cosa stai dicendo. Mi fa molto piacere che parli e sopratutto ami la civiltà etrusca. Una civiltà magnifica completamente diversa dai romani. Ciao da Cerveteri.
So many text is understandable for a modern Hungarian! Such as the Latin alphabet origin is get clear if you put the Scythian / Hun / Székely alphabet Etruscan and Latin. Every single letter speaks a lot! Acrophonic connections... hieroglyph connections...
Fascinating! I’ve often wondered about the Etruscans/Tusci/Tyrrehennians and of their origins. This latest inroad into their origins also raises the question about the Basques west of the Pyrenees, across Spain and France. Could their story be similar, given that their language also appears as an isolate, with no links to any of the surrounding languages?
Altough they are called isoletes, both are agglutinative languagea. And guess what, Minoan of Crete was also agglutinative. And the Saami, Finnish, Hungarian too. These langauges are clearly not closely related but we are talking about a separation of 10 000 years at least (Finnish and Hungairan have 6000 years of separation, so if the others, such as Basque and Etruscan are also related, then the separation is in the range of 10 000 years, so linguistically the relation is very diffcult to prove).
Yes there are similarities in the story of Etruscans and Basques. Both used a non Indo-European language despite having Indo-European ancestry. Perhaps their societies were matrilineal at the beginning which would explain how their mother tongues survived as opposed to the Indo-European languages which were brought mainly by male migrants/invaders (who also appear to be the patrilineal ancestors of both groups)
There's a huge gap in your explanation... Populations aren't either Steppe or Anatolian, but a mix of both (excepting Sardinia, Basque, Crete perhaps).
You have good points here like genetics, language and culture don't always go hand in hand. About the Etruscans, what if their ancestors were the sea people, groups of seafarers which we know invaded Anatolia, Syria, Cyprus and Egypt at the end of the Bronze Age in the 13th century BCE. It is said that they disappeared from history, but they were looking for new land in order to establish a country and an identity. They were assimilated, they did not disappear. So, there may be a possibility that the Etruscans were of such origin as their language and culture was so different from the Italic cultures in the region.
My take is that the Etruscan relict language may have come from the pre-existing population and may have survived because of the copper mineral deposits that were found there which gave the indigenous population a great deal of power. A large number of steppe people migrated into the region - mainly herders and farmers - mainly poor - who would have traded with and intermarried with the native Etruscans, which would have diluted their DNA, but their control of copper mining would have made then wealthy and powerful and hence their language and culture dominated in Tuscany. In history, the influence of nobility and the powerful seems trump language and culture even if their numbers are small - just look at the replacement of Gallic languages with Romance languages in France and Spain, and by Anglo-Saxon in England.
This would be plausible if their y-dna didn't also change just as drastically as their neighbors. Basque has the same situation, almost totally steppe y-dna despite speaking a non IE language... makes me think Tyrrhenic and Basque might also be foreign to the region, companion populations migrating with IE speakers of Corded Ware and/or Urnfield.
I came across your excellent channel for more information on the Etruscans people. I found it to be very educational and full of interesting material. Thank you for your hard work and wonderful video and channel. Four years ago, I did my maternal DNA and advanced mtDNA and found that I'm 9.3% Tuscany Italian. I was totally astonished. Most of my ancestors were Scandinavians, Russians, Irish, French, British Isles, German, and Slavic. My Advanced mtDNA went as far as 38 thousand years ago. The results came with a history mapping of my ancestors' migration. It is a fascinating history.
Let's keep in mind that the Raetians are also a people "not fitting in" whose origin and language already was a mystery to Roman historians. Some theorised they were "feral Etruscans" or the Etruscans were "civilised Raetians". The Rasenna were most likely native to their Tuscan homeland but held on to their proto-indoeuropean language for much longer than their neighbours because it was their identity as a people (like for example the Swiss are proud to mainly speak a wide variety of more or less "archaic" German dialects despite being right next to Germany) while their culture was influenced by both their neighbours as well as their maritime trade partners.
Etruscan has for over 100 years been completely deciphered, that is there is a way to interpret the values of the letters of their alphabet. What is unknown is the meaning of the readable words.
Thanks for sharing this very interesting video on the origins of the Etruscan people. Probably it will never be known because because they have left too little traces of their writing but also hardly any witnesses or comments on how they were talking, a common attitude of most civilizations. The Greek was somewhat was based on moralism as they were shocked that the women were allowed to eat together with the men but were surprised how religious they were and how they were obsessed with divination which also the Romans took over this aspect among other things. Fact is that the Etruscans have been always been rather different from their neighbouring people much seen from the paintings and artifacts they have left with their orientalism leaning despite absorbing much Greek influences. Again thanks for the update on "my ancestors" and looking forward to see your new videos 👍 👍👍
Etruscan have never influenced by Greeks. Opposite, Greeks and speacialy old Romans have been influenced by Etruscans. First kings of Rome were of Etruscan origin. Etruscan priests were ruled over the old Romans culture and life. All Romans elite have learnt Etruscan language and red Etruscan books. A lot of architectual solutions in Rome were of Etruscan origin. Also Latine alphabet was influenced by Etruscan alphabet, which was kind of Phoenicians alphabet.
@@bojanstare8667 The Etruscans clearly adopted the Greek pantheon with Apulu = Apollon and Herkle = Herakles and not the Semitic with El, Baal and Tanit of the Phoenicians. Also their ceramic decorations and the style of the statues are obviously of Greek origin.
The Etruscans were most definitely influenced by the Greeks. The alphabet that the Romans adopted from the Etruscans was the Greek alphabet, who the Greeks modified from the Phoenicians. This is one example of the many influences the Greeks had on the Etruscans.
I see an analogy in what I learned while living on Guam. The female segment of the original inhabitants preserved what came to be known as the Chamoro language, despite intermarriage with European, other Pacific Island peoples, and native peoples of the New World Spanish Empire. Women, as the child bearers and rearers, pass along significant elements of the culture they know. One couple I came to know were the most physically attractive people I have ever personally met. Their looks could have blown away anything that Hollywood or the modelling industry could produce.
Matrilieanlity -culture being passed through the maternal line. Could explain this but Indo-Europeans seemed to have not much tolerance for this practice with their other conquests (who adopted their language, culture and patrilieality)
I think it's this channel's host, rather than the topic (the Etruscans), that activated your memory of another place where women passed down the culture (contemporary Guam).
How fascinating! I have also read about the Etruscans that they interpreted lightning. Could this practice perhaps help to indicate more about these people? The Etruscans had a very sophisticated society when the Romans first appeared on the scene and taught them law and government. Mika Waltari's book "The Etruscan" is an excellent read on this subject. Lars Porsenna was an Etruscan king who fought the Romans and the book tells of this period. I loved it!
This is a remarkable lecture with linguistics and anthropology. Thank you. I studied Latin 2 years. I still like to read and translate in Latin. Now i speak 7 languages and am learning Korean. What latin does for your mind in organizing language learning is remarkable. Slavic and Chinese must be like this too? The pace is really fast in speaking. Slower speed is nice to learn so much beauty too to savor in broken up units of many this great talk 🦜 Italy, Tuscany? 😅 Thank you Rex H. How lucky we are to haben sie da you here. I speak Latin, Spanish, Italian, Armenian (east Anatolian) German Norwegian, Korean, English,
... I visited the village of Pontremoli just because of its Etruscan past ... ... ... it's a lovely place with a museum displaying Etruscan art ... 💙💙💙
10:05 The steppe ancestry is not necessarily of Indo-European language. If the steppe ancestry gets _anywhere_ close to that of Hungarians, people may have spoken Old Hungarian's proto-proto-language in the Kurgans ... I am of course biassed as a fan of Alinei.
@turistömer "zsebemben alma van", although we would rather say "alma van a zsebemben". This is just an example of words/phrases related to Turkic languages. About 19% of Hungarian vocabulary is "unknown", which could be the proto-proto Hungarian before the finno-ugric influence. I'm not a linguist. I am just interested in the topic.
@@accaeffe8032 yes, slightly different phonetics and spelling ; zseb........ em........ ben pocket.... in............ my scebimde alma var is a hunnic text from 1500 years ago, so it'll be slightly different then modern hungarian.
Note: First, I've had a hypothesis for about 10 years that, "specifically for the Basque: the indigenous Iberians, aka (the area of Spain and France), had first migrated East (South and North), then later West. 🔹My hypothesis gained support through DNA studies that identified Phoenicians as Basque. 🔹 The Etruscans having been identified as Indigenous, to Italy, is so exciting. They too may very well fit my Basque Hypothesis Model. Anatolia also shows up in Basque description, although it had yet to be realized that they had to migrate East to have acquired the marker value identified by the DNA as a location of affiliation I'm taken with the Etruscans, as they were a most positive Civilization. I'm quite interested in gaining more information on the Etruscans, as it becomes available. I'm not of Italian Orgin or lineage, rather I'm "Irish, of Basque/Iberian Orgin", rather than the later (Germanic, the Viking, Anglo, Saxon, Jutes, Normans, Roman, British.) The Modern Italians largely have one or both the Etruscan + Admix or Roman ie: Germanic + Admix. The Admix being largely and a varied influence of Greek, Phoenicians whom were also Basque, Basque/Iberian, Sardinian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Sicilian. "Mainstream Academics/Archaeologists" have been noticeably slow to add the value of facts revealed by Geneticists and DNA Researchers, and we can expect the entire "Mainstream Academic Model and Paradigm" to shift as "DNA, strong in validity" through lab based technology, revealing for example, that "Modern Humans are a result of Intervention rather than merely just a Linear Evolution" (Gregg Braden, Summary of Peer Reviewed Findings reported in the Journal of Science, as I recall.) BTW, those whom adhere to the "Standards of Science and Research", which prohibits using a Theory as Fact, are the "Authentic Academics", and they also establish a habit of being "Conscious in Thought" + "Applying Higher Mind", where all our Positive Thought Energies and Wisdom reside. Higher Mind aka Mature Mind supports the "Standards of Science and Research", (Mind fully Open free of any predetermined Beliefs, Theories, Opinions, and allowing the Research Methodologies to extract the greater facts."). This also respects and supports"Freedom of Thought", which is necessary for imagination, and to Explore and Discover. I welcome this Model of Academia, as it will also represent Ethics, Integrity, and a most desirable atmosphere for student and professional works, promoting a far more accurate and more consistently updated "Story of History". It will also resolve circumstances where findings that don't support a Theory Based Model, are no longer a threat to the Researcher. In the past, young professionals experienced a serious resistance to their findings and several had their careers destroyed. Heartbreaking experiences that had no foundation of justification, and these represent the Human Lower Mind traits cc Lower Mind. The future holds most positive opportunities, tended by Higher Mind's. Cooperation and Desirable scenarios of works. Beth Bartlett Sociologist/Behavioralist and Historian
Has there ever been a study comparing what we know of Etruscan with Basque? There is at least a superficial resemblance between Euskara - the Basque name for themselves and Ascanius the Trojan refugee. Perhaps Ascanius was a legendary founder of "the people" later woven into Roman/Trojan legend.
Interesting. Thank you. A bit more on steppe origins. Also could you please take a look at the 'recent' genetic data on Otzi and link it in layman's terms to the steppe origins mentioned.
I would be interested in seeing some older DNA evidence. If the Lydian migration occurred around the time of Troy, then we should be looking at DNA from around 1150 BC. 350 years can mask a lot of origin data.
There are older genetic data from this time. There seems to be no evidence of a migration from Eastern Mediterranean. The last migration from Anatolia was when the farmers spread out (to almost everywhere in Europe). Their languages and cultures would be later replaced by Indo-European migrations.
@@captainfury497 Didn't the indoeuropean languages arrive with the bell-beaker people around 3ooo BC? But I guess that was centered in Northern Europe more than the Med coastal countries.
The mystery of the Etruscan culture, language and origin was primarily caused by the decision of the Roman Senate in the First Century BC to forbid the use of the Etruscan language and to direct the complete eradication of all inscriptions in that ancient language. Thus for the next 20 centuries the world forgot all about that ancient civilisation until the 19th Century. Despite plenty of their magnificent artworks being uncovered ever since it was a lack of any surviving substantial Etruscan text that hindered the definition and classification of that language. The longest such text has been found on the shroud of an Egyptian mummy in Zagreb. But no direct connection could be established with the Ancient Greek, Roman or Fenician languages. Which lead some researchers, including Laura, to declare it to be non-Indo-European language. However, prof. Vasić from the University of Belgrade, who tried to decipher the Vinča script in the 1980s, was later struck by its similarity with the Etruscan script when he accepted the appointment at the University of Genova. Thus the two languages and scripts are most closely related if not even the same language. The ancient Vinča culture was located in the Central Balkans or a halfway between Etruria and the Aegean Sea and Anatolia. The settlement of Vinča is actually located near Belgrade on the banks of Danube, the major thoroughfare of pre-Roman Europe, when there were no roads through thick forests. The archeologists and scholars from Cambridge and Oxford have now given the new name to the Vinča culture - that of the Danubian Civilisation, or the very first European Civilisation. It was actually predated by the Starčevo Culture and the Lapenski Vir (9,000 BC) - all located on the banks of the river Danube. Other archeological teams from Oxford and Cambridge have established that the earliest large scale metallurgy was located in Central Balkans (about 250km south of the Danube) near the place of Pločnik, at least 1000 years before Anatolia and Mesopotamia. BobFilip
Lemnos Steal ZI A ZI MARAZ MAF ZI APK FEIS A FIS E FIS TH H ZER O NAI TH SI FAI I can read more for you! Try to Learn Albanian lenguage, then you know the truth!
I'm only a history lover, not a scholar (my English is not good, I hope I can be clear) but in this theory (that of the Etruscans as a people of the steppes) there is something who is not explained and questioning the theory itself: the Etruscans method of burial. The two groups of peoples who, at different times, arrived on the Italian peninsula (after the Etruscans anyway) ie the Latino-Faliscan and the Osco-Umbrian (which it's now established by most scholars came from the Danubian area) cremated their dead, the Etruscans instead buried them. So at this point there are two very important (fundamental?) differences: the non-Indo-European language and the method of burial. How would scholars explain that? Maybe the Etruscans (who arrived long before the Latins and Osco-Umbrians) changed their tradition and started burying the dead because that was how people who already inhabited that land did it? But there was the Villanovan culture that cremated the dead in that land, this means that they started burying the dead with the arrival of the Etruscans (ie are their who changed the burial method to the Villanovans, not the opposite). So the two points written earlier are back: how is possible Etruscans came from the same geographical area of Latins and Osco-Umbrian if they had a distinct language and method of burial? This theory doesn't convince me much, but again, if there are Etruscologists who think so, I have no qualification to refute it (surely there is an explanation to the two questions I've asked).
So if you celebrate Easter you are a Galilean migrant? The Georgian immigrant who demolished orthodox churches in Russia was schooled as orthodox priest.
@@JanoTuotanto It's a joke for sure but you didn't put smilies, so I'll answer: the burial method has nothing to do with religion (also why cult and religion are not the same) and is studied (with language and other) by anthropologists, archeologists etc. Sorry, as already written my English is not good, I hope you understand what I mean (assuming you weren't joking).
The language of the Etruscans may have been the agglutinating language of Neolithic farmers. Just like the Hungarians. Which could have developed long before the expansion of the Bronze Age Indo-European shepherds.
Interesting presentation. As to the non-indo- european language aspect of the Etruscans is it possible that like Anglo- Norman French in the middle ages where a small elite dominated the written vernacular while the underlying language and genetic remained Anglo-Saxon and Celtic?
Hi, the issue with what you're saying is that only the written language survived. Surely, the Eruscan-speaking nobility happened to rule over Italic (indo-european) speaking subjects here and there. The mainstream idea is that Etruscan language was a bit like Welsh, in your example: while the "Anglo-Nomans" imposed their language everywhere in England, a group maintained their Celtic language. Similarly, in Bronze Age Italy, while the Indo-Europeans imposed their language everywhere, a group maintained their pre-Indoeuropean language. Or at least, this is the most accepted hypothesis of what happened, as we don't have any source to reconstruct the history of that age.
Regarding an Etruscan language, it was deciphered in 1968 by Svetislav Bilbija. Later, sometime in 1980-ies, professor Chudinov, without knowing about Bilbija's work, did the same. True history is far more interesting than official one....
The combination of irregular reverb and pronunciation make this very difficult to follow. I didn't retain any of that. You said something about Lydians?
Hello Laura! I was returning from Egypt yesterday. It took 30+ hours of continuous travel to get back where I belong in North America. 🙄 Egypt is absolutely amazing though. I had a complete ball climbing around inside pyramids. Ha! Anyway, I love to hear anything about the mysterious Etruscans. I always think of the lost ancient secrets that could be hidden in their language. Thanks for all you do! 😊
@@MegalithHunter YES! Very, very much worth it. I had such fun climbing all around the temples, tombs and, especially, the pyramids. It was just a blast. I’ll try to be at the next chat. 😃
I am in the camp that the Etruscans were refugees from Troy and that the language they spoke is a form of proto-Hebrew. Proto-Hebrew was brought to Troy by a group that immigrated from Goshen (pre-Exodus) from the Tribe of Judah. Look up Darda, son of Zarah, grandson of Judah. Also, the relation to steppe people has to do with migrations of the ancient nation of Israel that was conquered by the Assyrians circa 740bc and subsequently migrated to the steppes.
Hello there. An independent research conducted in 2013 (by Tassi , Ghirotto and others) showed that Etruscans were autochthones (indigenous) to the Italian Peninsula. They examined DNA from ancient, medieval, and modern Italians . " According to the study, ancient Etruscan mtDNA is closest among modern European populations and is not particularly close to Turkish or other Eastern Mediterranean populations. Among ancient populations based on mtDNA, ancient Etruscans were found to be closest to LBK Neolithic farmers from Central Europe" -this after a brief online research from my part. In that case, science justifies Dionysius the historian from Halicarnassos. Thank you for the video!
@@markwaldron8954 Interesting question. What we know is that Vinca influence goes down to Macedonia. But, also interesting theory is that Pelasti (another ancient Balkan people) created a colony which was known as Philistine or Phoenicia and it might give us a clue about 'Palestine'. If we compare Phoenician alphabet to Vincan proto-alphabet, much becomes clearer. Some scientists tend to rely on logic instead on analysis. Of course, saying that Phoenician script was 'inspired' by Egyptian hieroglyphs is pure politics of the 'logic'.
Super interesting! As a biologist, i would agree in that the topologies of genetic, cultural and linguistic phylogeny may differ wildly. Cultural or tribal identity are much more about who you feel you belong to than about who your grnadparents were. Didn´t the people of the Bayuvares originate from a wild mixture of celtic and germanic populations who just developed a distinct identity? So maybe, the first wave of neolithic migration was not a sudden wave, but more of a trickle, the newcomers met members of relic populations, learned their language one by one, as the came, and because it worked, they stuck with it, even after the original relic population was totally assimilated into a genepool that was by now completely dominatetd by "newcomer alleles", whereas other migration events consisted of huge groups of people that brought their language with them? I think, language might be way more conservative than genomes, because communication within the population has to work at any time, and also a language can give identity, whereas all humans can always interbreed.
if it's a mix it's obvious choice can happen when it's culture with blood related aristocracy you don't choose you inherit or you are foreigner heard the story of Abaris the Scythian?
@@szymonbaranowski8184 But the genetic impact of a dynasty on a whole population is very, very limited? Also, even Dynasties tend to be less genetically stable than one would think. There´s stepsons and illegitimate childs and whatnot. From a biological viewpoint, every time populations meet, they mix.
If you are not doing things the way your own grandparents did, you are reprogrammed by social engineers, most likely. "Who you feel you are" = nonsense.
@@watermelonlalala How do you propose, peoples originate then? Because undeniably, throughout history, new peoples, cultures and languages have emerged and vanished numerous times. According to your theory, that seems to be impossible. So what is your explanation? How do you think the bayuvares came to be? Where did the bell beaker people go?
Etruscan language was decoded by serbian priest Svetislsv Bilbija. Original etruscan toponimes can be explained lingustcally even by modern day serbian language. And, please, can you tell to us what are etruscan DNA codes ( for example I1A2 or so on).
So what about DNA studies from the 2nd millenia BC? The mixing of original etruscan with Latin and antolian had already take place mostly by 1rst millenia BC. Are the original etruscans descendants of an Atlantis-ish culture?
Who was there before the Indo Europeans (future Etruscans) arrived from the Steppe? Was it the descendants of Neolithic farmers that had come from Anatolia, who themselves had mostly replaced the Paleolithic hunters? Maybe the Neolithic farmers came, brought a language then when they mixed with the Western Hunter Gatherers created a hybrid language that evolved over ..what like 3-4,000 years (however long the agriculturalists occupied the area before the Indo Europeans from the steppe arrived.) and then a population or branch of steppe people immigrated in and adopted the language in the area...or maybe created a new hybrid language and culture? I'm just guessing, is there some possibility something like this happened?
Okay this just me as a layperson speculating, but it does seem like then that Lemnos was an Etruscan outpost settled sometime during the Bronze Age. So when the Greeks started sailing around the Mediterranean after coming out of their dark ages, they made contact with the Etruscans and noticed their language was similar to Lemnian spoken in the Aegean (and possibly the Anatolian coast).They then falsely assumed the Etruscans had come from there, instead of the other way around.
Apparently Napoleon Bonaparte and his servant spoke a unique language. Then there are the Basque in Spain who speak Euskera and finally there is the Linear A script of Ancient Crete. I have often wondered if there are any connections between these ancient groups, languages and people. Linear B has links to Ancient Greece and so does the Etruscan script. Whether these mysteries will ever be solved or not, the topic is fascinating.
Funny, no one mentions that these languages are agglutinative languages, and so is the Minoan language (Linear A script of Crete, as you mentioned). And there is Saami, Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian too agglutinative languages. It seems the whole of Europe spoke agglutinative languages from the Atlantic to the Urals and from the Mediterranean to the Arctics, before the Indo-European invastion.
Very interesting. I found a rather fascinating link between some other agglutinative language isolate groups which may provide another dimension to the Etruscan (Rasna or Rasenna) backstory. *_A Possible Link to Other Agglutinative Languages_* While some cultures may have persistent phonemes across time, as in the Indo-European language groups, others may have had attitudes which changed their languages more dramatically over time. Borrowing from the example we all learn early in our studies -- what is perhaps the sentimentally favorite words in any culture: *_mother_* and *_father_* -- I looked at these two words across several agglutinative languages. In Etruscan, the word for mother was "ati" and for father was "apa." Curiously, the same in modern Basque is "ama" and "aita," respectively. I say, "curiously," because these seem similar, but gender swapped. I almost missed the next clue, but while looking over the Etruscan pantheon, I discovered the name of a pair of gods which was the Etruscan equivalent of Roman Janus (source of January) -- Ana and Aita, goddess and god of beginnings and endings. Notice how these names are a near-perfect match for the Basque words for mother and father, and no longer gender-swapped. *_Past Matriarchies?_* Could it be that a common cultural root had been matriarchal and when the societies switched to patriarchy, some kept the word with the role instead of the gender? So, in Etruscan, mothers had been the rulers at the beginning, but then men became the new "mothers" in the end. *_Untested Hypotheses_* There is a popular hypothesis amongst linguists that words for mother and father were frequently from infant babbling. While this is a possibility, it has never been fully tested. *_Beyond Myth and Legend_* Another agglutinative language, modern Georgian (the current version of the language of Colchis, land of the golden dragon and Golden Fleece) has a similar anomaly. Their word for mother is "deda," while their word for father is "mama." Did men become the new "mothers," there, too? Perhaps this could help explain why Medea would become so dissatisfied with her own men, and sufficiently fascinated with Jason to betray her own people. And later, when Jason betrayed her, and after her second husband banished her, she was seen flying away on a golden dragon. One version has her going back to Colchis to find her uncle had deposed her father. Did Medea become so fed up with men that she invoked the old legends and created a society of women warriors named Ama-Atlan -- mother Atlantis (Amazon)? *_Dangerous Evidence_* Though these hypotheses need a great deal of testing (or merely waiting for new evidence, if it still exists), we already have a great deal of evidence which re-opens the topic of Atlantis, like 5 facts which correlate strongly on the story. * A sudden worldwide warming which ended the Younger Dryas (~9620 BC). * A moderately large trace of volcanic debris starting 9620.77 BC and extending over the next two years (GISP2). * A sudden drop in sea level of between 2-7 meters right at the end of the Younger Dryas (~9620 BC). * The genetic split between mtDNA haplogroup X from the western Eurasian branch (Basques, Druze) and the North American branch (Ojibwe, Sioux) about 12,000 years ago. * Plato's story of a massive tectonic collapse right where we could reasonably expect such a collapse to take place, and with geological evidence to back up this thesis. There is much more on this topic -- enough to fill my largest book, *_Mission: Atlantis_* (700+ pages). 😎♥✝🇺🇸💯
Something this video does not address is the percentage of steppe ancestry, which is dissimilar to other populations and Europe, and while steppe ancestry is present in the Etruscan, and Italic genomes, is also very varied in its percentages across different populations. (From what I understand) Likewise, the the genome for Italy formed in the middle ages would have had at its core the genome from the ancient population at its core, and this is something that lines up with the history - immigrations and invasions into the the peninsula were additive to the local population, not one population replacing another.
Independent researcher Alan Wilson claimed he could decipher Etruscan using a Welsh-English dictionary, once the phonetics of the Etruscan alphabet had been determined. He has written extensively on the subject. AFAIK he is still alive living in the north of England. Using the same technique he also deciphered inscriptions in Turkey and other places. Perhaps you could contact him or his co-author Baram Blackett.
despite the English language officially belonging to german, it is in reality a celtic language and many of its words are phonetically very similar to turkish, even identical.
You should please have a look at the works of Kazim Mirsan, hes a very knowledge full man. Has deciphered many never read before Pelasgian, Sumerian, Egyptian and yes even Etruscan texts!
Here in New Zealand, many are resisting any tendency for the language of the European incomers to be affected by the language of the Polynesians who were already here. When I was a child my younger brother was taught at school to count from one to ten in Maori, and even that was a bit controversial. Even without formal tuition, I have absorbed a rudimentary vocabulary. Did you know that in Maori the word for love but not erotic is "aroha" and is equivalent to the ( also Polynesian) Hawaiian greeting "Aloha"?
And there is a megalithic connection as well! Think of the Etruscan and the Pelasgian walls, the nuraghi (all pre-indoeuropean cultures) and other (megalithic) cultures like in Malta, in Celtic regions
Hmm, when you think about it it makes sense that Etruscans were called foreigners - It often happened in history when a new group settled on the land and became more powerful than the locals they'd create myths about how they were the real ancient natives and the actual local group just later migrants. Victors really do write the history.
Etruscan language would be an example of a language surving (for a while) a sudden genetic discontinuity : Examples of such phenomenons are the Basques and Hungarians. A preceding culture and language might survive a progressive population replacement or a sudden overtaking by an aristocracy remaining in demographical minority. Invaders, when they are mostly males, might progressively acculturate and mix into to the host culture of an invaded population, which over time retains the former cultural framework (tansmitted by mothers) and language. Anopther situation is conquering invaders in relatively small numbers, not mixing genetically on a broad basis but brutally establishing a ruling aristocracy imposing its authority and language over a conquered land, resulting in a poputation genetically remaining conform to its former culture but adopting a new language and civilization framework
The language and the people have to be kept separate. DNA analysis has shown German Bell Beaker ancestry in part, but Bell Beakers were probably originally Indo-European speakers. Etruscan as a language could have been local, and it could have been brought in from outside - it's just not known yet. But the people themselves aren't mysterious - their genetic stock comes from outside the region as a mix. What is pretty certain by all the evidence that they weren't colonists from Anatolia - the Lydian thing was a story that kept getting picked up over time and repeated. So you don't have multiple independent sources - you just have authors playing tag with each other, repeating each other's mistakes. The Greeks favored the story because they knew Anatolia - it was right next door to them, so their readers would be familiar with Anatolians.
My dad is from Florence and I have Tuscany and Abruzzo dna in spades then a small amount of anatolian dna with no one from there at least since middle ages
@Inspector Opus "Anatolian DNA" is not Turkic. Turks were central Asian steppe peoples brought into Asia Minor as mercenaries in the Middle Ages. Anatolia usually refers to ancient (pre-Turkic) Asia Minor which was settled by Greeks, Persians, other tribes, descendents of Hittites, etc.
At one minute in - "Bet she's going to say they originated from the diverse lands of Woketardia"... ...by the end, She's so legit that YT might cancel her. How jaded I've become to expect "re-imagined" history at every turn.
@@AtmaureanNoble7 SOME were Myceanean....but the remainder included Sardinian/Corsican. The "Sea People" was just a tagline for a Mediterranean wide cluster f***.
This is an excellent, succinct presentation regarding the Etruscans. I’m curious if you’ve ever heard of the Cetina Culture that was centered in the western Balkans (eastern Adriatic) and also spread throughout much of Italy around 2200 BCE? This is turning out to be a much more influential group than previously thought, especially since the advent of ancient DNA sequencing. There is a bit of a mysterious Y DNA lineage that dominated much of the Cetina sphere called J2b L283. They have been found throughout Cetina burials (stone cist burials underneath tumuli) dating to about 2000 BCE in the western Balkans. They have also been found in Mycenaean cist burials in Achaea, Greece around 1600 BCE. Beyond, that there are J2b L283 ancient remains found amongst Illyrians (western Balkans), Picenes and Daunians in Italy, and even Nuragic era skeletons from Sardinia and Etruscan ancient remains, too. I hope one day you consider making one of these videos about the Cetina Culture and Cetina related finds and ancient links between the western Balkans and Italy. You would do an excellent job, no doubt about it.
They have been called (by others, of course) Etruscans, Thyrrenians and Tusci, but the most astonishing fact is that they called themselves Rasenna. No one found any ethimological link to this word?
When steppe people are mentioned, only one thing comes to my mind: Turks! What we call today's race or nation is the spoken language, not DNA. For example, if a person speaks Italian, he is Italian, just as no one can look at his DNA and say that you have Arab genes, you are Arab, you are not Italian... I think agglutinative languages, even if they are isolates, represent the same common cultural ancestor, and this is definitely not an Indo-European cultural ancestor! What I have learned so far and the idea I have formed in my mind is this: modern Turks, Basques, Cretans, Sumerians, Finns, Hungarians, Mongolians, Japanese, Koreans, etc. They have a common language ancestor. The question is what to call this ancestor. So far they have been called Turkish, which is one of the branches, this is where all the discussions come from. However, Turks are just one of the branches of this family. If another name were found, all these discussions would actually end; The problem comes from the prejudice against the word Turk and it leads to thousands of nonsense Indo-European theories in order not to say Turk....
I could not describe it better. Thanks for the detailed explanation. We Turks are associated with Islam because of our actions in the last 1000 years. And as Kazim Mirşan and many other scholars and historians put forward, this is a culture of thousands of years, having today members from any religion you can think of, including Judaism. Turks are wakening up from their ling lasted Arab 1001 night tales to bring back justice once again to out of control world. Just a bit of more patience.
What seems consistant in the Etruscan narrative is they identified first as a displaced people. Displaced in their time but as Laura accounts through Herodetus displaced from their heritage, An entitled noble people. This would explain their fierce ability to claim and defend their new territory Etrusia. A people of stong binding distinct language will also practice their faith and ritual excluding any extra-tribal marriage and assimilation, at least for the first 2 or 3 generations. After the first 100 years you have a demarked parimeter and established tribal existence. Such a strong people of their own identify would have supported their own commerce by most likely becoming a seafairing mecantile people. These Curly Haired people of the sea that seem speak their own language. Are these the origin of the Phoenicians?
The issue isn’t the decipherment of the alphabet. We know what the individual letters are, because it’s literally the same alphabet as the early Greek, Phrygian, and Paleo-Hebrew alphabet. The issue is the language, which does not appear to be related to any other language.
It is fascinating how genetics may help history and archeological interpretation of findings.Even so cultures and languages can' t be reducted to genectics as people come and go, migrate, cultures mix and change! That is fabulous! I am so proud of being a historian.❤
Etruscans were probably like the Basques who managed to preserve an old language despite heavy Indo-European genetic contribution. Perhaps they were a matrilineal society in the beginning with Children following the mothers culture instead of the fathers (whose genetic lineages appear to be Indo-European)
Unlike many other discussions of human origins that are based exclusively on genetics, only analyses of the subject like the present one are scientific because it combines genetics, linguistics, culture, AND HISTORY
That's not how the word "scientific" is defined. Scientific is not a synonym of good or accurate or thorough. It has a specific meaning which does not reflect at all your use of the term
The early Etruscans had Asian-like facial features. It is quite possible that in the early Bronze Age they began migrating from beyond the Black and maybe even beyond the Caspian Sea. They could have been cousins of the forerunners of the Skythians. By the late Bronze Age they could have settled on Lemnos and been major contributors to the population of Ilios (Troy), before moving west with other Peoples of the Sea to occupy northeastern Italy.
@@gregorynixon2945 Yes.. that's what I meant According to the latest genetic research the Etruschans belongs to the Villanovan civilization in Italy So no more from the island of Samos or Anatolian peninsula
@@enricomanno8434 Not indigenous, sorry. What's the origin of the Iron Age Villanovan culture? DNA is not able to tell the whole story. Before the Iron Age, they may well have migrated down from well beyond the "Anatolian peninsula". The Greeks called them Tyrrhennians (like the later Tyrrhenian Sea) or Tyrsenoi when they dwelt on Lesbos island near Troy in the Bronza Age. The Egyptians called them the Teresh and placed them among the Sea People invaders. Before Lesbos, however, they had likely come down from the east side of the Black Sea, and before that is unknown. However, in their facial features, they resemble the later Scythians, so some have speculated that they originated among the Indo-Aryan people beyond the Caspian Sea, distant cousins of the Scythians. Here's what one told me: "There we had called ourselves the Rasenna, warriors of Asena, the she-wolf, cousins to the wild Skyths, both of the eastern Arya peoples."
The early Etruscans hadn't Asian-like facial features, those features are not realistic and are due to the artistic convention of the Orientalizing period, which has nothing to do with the origins of the Etruscans
@MegalithHunter is it so reliable to pick results from todays dna's? 2 milleniums and more passed away and many cultures and dna's mixed, many migrations happened reverse or visa versa. Therefore those results mentioned are not too reliable and still the ancient scripts about them are more reasonable to believe.
The Etruscans called themselves Rasenna, Rasna or Raśna. The Greeks knew them as the Τυῤῥηνοί Turrhēnoi or Tyrsenians, Ionic: Τυρσηνοί Tursēnoi; Doric: Τυρσανοί Tursānoi. The Homeric hymn to Dionysus features pirates (understood as non-Greeks and criminals) "Tyrsinians" (meaning unknown) kidnapping Dionysus. So people who didn't come from the Adriatic, but from the other side of the Italian peninsula, from the Tyrrhenian Sea, in fact. The Umbrians knew them as 'Trusci' or 'Tursci' or 'Tusci'. On an inscription on a bronze tablet there is the writing "Turskum"... this word is derived from "Tursci", but without a clear meaning. One hypothesis of the origin of the word is that it derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *trh₂- meaning 'to cross'. Another hypothesis, which derives from τύρσις túrsis, which means "tower" in Greek, later used by the Latins in 'tŭrris' tower. Another hypothesis is that the Rasenna Rasna or Raśna are Venetian, given that their writing is similar to Venetic, the Greeks called them Οὐένετοι or βένετοι (the Greeks do not have the 'v' or the 'w'), known in the north like the Wendish... see Vindobona Wien, and also the house of Windischgrätz, an Austrian aristocratic family from Lower Styria etc.
The language of the Etruscans may have been the agglutinating language of Neolithic farmers. Just like the language of the Hungarians. Which could have developed long before the expansion of the Bronze Age Indo-European shepherds. Professor Mario Alinei: Etrusco: una forma arcaica di ungherese, Il Mulino, Bologna, 2003
Definitions for Discernment Hoary: (reference to his hair) White, Silver, Platinum, (Was it Platinum Blonde or a Premature Gray)? Sagacity: depth of insight, like Wisdom.
Good analysis based on the facts, evidences, and reasoning based on these two. Just one observation. At the beginning you mentioned that the art, monumental tombs, and metallurgy was deistically advanced in comparison to other groups in Italian peninsula. And this fact was not included as a factor in concluding about the origin of Etruscans. In addition to DNA analysis, historical evidences of people migrations, cultural heritage also can be considered when contemplating the origin of people. Ok, one more observation. When factoring the language into this equation, we have to be careful, as this might not a reliable source for digging into people's origin. History is full of examples when entire nations forcefully changed their spoken language by their cruel rulers.
Did you really mean "deistically advanced"? Do you know that that would mean "divinely or supernaturally advanced"? I'm not sure that that is the word that you actually meant, or misheard, or didn't know this. Just for your consideration, in case you didn't realize that.
Interestingly I have come across this connection between the Pelasgians and Macedonia before. In lower Macedonia there is Pella. In upper Macedonia there is the ancient city of Bela (Pela) Zora. And there is a large fertile valley called Pelagonia. As for Vinca, there is a town called Vinica, so idk, maybe. The Pelasgians are mysterious.
It's pretty simple though. When you look at it overall, Hellenics called Pelasgians the natives who lived there before they arrived. The natives who lived at the same time as them, Hellenics called Thracians, or referred to them by the tribe (Illyrians, Dacians, Tribals, Gaetae, Besi, Bebriki, Vitini, etc). For all we know, they had somewhat similar culture and language. How similar, we don't know since all we have are accounts from a bunch of misinformed and ignorant outsiders. And then another bunch of misinformed outsiders (the Brits) liked the original to a point where they attributed every sign of civilisation to them, which led to native Balkan populations being heavily underresearched.
@@raynatumbeva780 Pelasgos was the founder of the Pelasgid dynasty of the Kingdom of Arcadia in the peloponnesos. As such, the original inhabitants of Greece, the Hebrews, were referred to as the Pelasgoi. By extension then, all the Hebrews were referred to as Pelasgoi by the Greeks. Thus, when the list of thalassocracies was given, the Israelite sea power was listed as the Pelasgoi, or Pelasgians in English.
@@jimdez11 While 'Huh?' doesn't give me much to go on, I'll guess that the word 'Hebrew' is what needs clarification. The Hebrews are the descendents of Heber (Gen 11:16). These were the autochthonous people of Greece. Abraham was also descended from Heber, but he remained among the Chaldeans (Gen 11:31). Thus, the Israelites, being descended from Abraham are also Hebrews, though a different branch from those in Greece. The Greek historians, knowing their connection, referred to all Hebrews, whether the natives of Greece or the Israelites, with their name for them: the Pelasgoi.
@@scottfoster2639 I think you’re right, the Turkic people started using it around 6th century, I didn’t think it was around before that… seems like it was
A simple coincidence or the fact that they retained the old language of their old steppe ancestors. Etruscans have formed on Italian soil , there have been genetic tests, they were a melt of steppe people and neolithic locals. They were also very close to Latins and other Italic tribes. It's over, they were an authctnous people.
The ancient historian Strabo has a report that the Etruscans considered themselves to come from the area of Troas (Troy) and called themselves Rasenna. One of the tribes of the Rets, related to the Etruscans, the same Strabo called the RusAntae. Some historians have linked the Etruscans and the Veneti. It is no secret that the official ancestors of the Slavs were the Antae and the Veneti. Getting into the Etruscan halls of museums, any Russian's heart is squeezed, because they see native familiar ornaments, decorations, headdresses, etc.
Are you familiar with russian Primary Chronicle? There it's said that their ancestors came from the Danube. Serbs when they formed their first state in the Balkans they called it Ras, Russians called their first state Rus..
I am familiar not only with this chronicle. There were other chronicles in which, for example, the Rurik dynasty and some other events are depicted in a different light. Such chronicles include Initial Russian summary (Начальный свод) and Novgorod First Chronicle. I mean, not all chronicles need to be believed unquestioningly. The Primary Chronicle was created in Kiev in the 12th - 13th century under the great influence of Byzantine and religious elites. They were also far away from those ancient events, by almost 1500 - 2000 years, and they knew no more about those ancient events than me or you do. The Proto-Slavic world was very big and complex. But in some of historical chronicles , you can still find mentions of those who called their cities as Russideva and Slaveni.
Real truth is that Vendi, Veneti, Raseni, Rasi, Serbs, Rusians, Chechs, Slovaks, Ukrainians, Polish are one and the same people divided by time, geography and Roman and later German invasions.
@@gahdhsh623 Today in Serbia there is a part called "Raška". On English would something be "Rashka". Thats the place from where the Serb king rules Serbian lands. It existed before Russia was established, and was used as a name probably before emergence of Roman state. So we know Slav/Serb expansion went from Balkans to Russia.
Good stuff. I would point you the work of two researchers, who, come at the matter from very different fields. Peter Dawkins of the Francis Bacon Research Trust, and Dr. Eberhard Zangger, a Stanford geoarchaeoligist. That plus the Anglo-Norman Brut Chronicle. Basically it suggests that Brutus, great-grandson of Anaeas, sailed to Britain with freed Trojan slaves and founded New Troy -- London. Thus, the original British folks, the Welsh or Cymry came directly from Anatolia. Not only that, but Dr. Zangger realized that Homer and Plato were both writing about the same war with the Achaeans in the late Bronze Age. That Atlantis was always the same as Illium. Long story. But truly Occum's Razor is vindicated again. All that is to say, cross reference your info with the Cymry and it may yield something interesting.
I suppose someone has already thought to compare the Etruscan language with other isolates like Basque, Turkish or Hungarian, though, I've never encountered any such studies.
Tyrrhenian, Tarcon, Tarquinia, are all names related to Turks, names don't lie, ancient texts neither, Anatolians had also origins in the steppe, they were the same people as Troyans, remember that the Turks had a runic alphabet just as Hungarians and Germanics did, so the Rasenna did also.
@@hmldjr I'm not making up anything, this is all backed up by solid proof, names and words don't lie, neither archaeology does. Scythians were the ancestors of Sumerians, Etruscans, Hungarians and Turks
Thank you for the research and nice summary provided on the information available. Let me please add that not only the language, but also the education, dress code, dances, music and other cultural characteristics are hellenistic features of the period. Etruscans are Ancient Greeks.
It’s a very old type of approach when people continue to say group a emigrated to/ conquered place b. I saw one the other day where someone assumed a mass immigration of Franks into Gaul and a massacre of the native population. It just never happened. These mass movements of tribes (always tribes) who conveniently massacre the inhabitants are incredibly scarce. There’s no reason to think the Etruscans weren’t autochthonous. There was something about Tuscan cattle having links with Asia Minor a few years ago based on bovine DNA, but that honestly could be medieval.
I always believed the Etruscans were related to the Trojans in some way. The Romans called them Trusci which sounds similar to Trojan. The same could also be said of the Thracians who lived just across the Hellespont from ancient Troy. Or even the Phrygians of Anatolia. Coincidence? Who can say?