Whats most amazing about this video is that it is from 1996. If you think this looks impressive, think of the cell phones from 96 vs now. Yup, that's how much more impressive this process is today. Simply mind blowing what we have accomplished as humans.
Considering I started with DTL the TTL back in the early seventies was amazed when VLSI and CMOS came out, then the 8086/8088 then was all over bar the shouting when 80286 16 bit microprocessors were introduced. Plug and Play was the future and ... I became obsolete overnight as no-one hires an engineer to fix a PC anymore 😆
This video is very informative. I didn't thought that making Integrated Chips would so difficult. Microscopic layers are being created and mass production of these things are done. The technology used is really sophisticated.
Many people from around the world have contributed to the development of Microchip technology, not just Westerners. For example; -In 1960, Egyptian engineer Mohamed Atalla and Korean engineer Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs fabricated the first MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) with a gate oxide thickness of 100 nm, along with a gate length of 20 µm. -In 1987, Iranian engineer Bijan Davari led an IBM research team that demonstrated the first MOSFET with a 10 nm gate oxide thickness, using tungsten-gate technology. -In 2005, Indian physicists Prabhakar Bandaru and Apparao M. Rao at UC San Diego developed the world's smallest transistor based to be made entirely from carbon nanotubes.
@@iagasuon596 I take your point, but all of those advancements you listed were cultivated in the West at Western institutions and corporations. I don't think OP meant that only ethnically "Western" people (whites, people of European ancestry, etc.) have contributed to scientific advancements. Clearly, this is not true. Rather, I think OP meant that Western society and its ideals has enabled this amazing scientific progress. The fact that people of any national origin and background can come to the West to thrive and innovate is a testament to our culture and society, and truly something worth celebrating.
Sometime in the 80's @ 2:20 in the video "First of all, we create a new layer of silicon on the slice 1/100th of millimeter thick" 2019: TSMC is currently producing 7 NANOMETER MOSFET technology...
The main advantage of IC's is that they can contain millions and even billions of transistors each. For example, a simple 4GB USB flash drive contain an IC containing over 32 000 000 000 transistors. Mounting those transistors individually on a PCB become an impossible task. The PCB is an insulating fiberglass card having conductive copper traces etched on it. These traces link together different components including IC's.
I've never found an answer to this but every time I see this process explained and they talk about chips which fail testing and are not used I wonder if they are discarded, or recycled somehow, or what becomes of them. I would love love love to have one of them embedded into a block of clear resin and used as a frickin' awesome paperweight or keychain or something.
You could always buy an old chip on eBay for a few dollars, I often see CPUs with damaged pins being sold for as little as $1, then just remove the heat spreader and use the chip for whatever you like.
who discovered this way of doing this? and how did they started before having all those machines that were built up with the same chips this machines creates?
Jack kilby introduced ICs in 1958 and then Robert Noyce the CEO of Fairchild semi-cinductor (Which is Intek now) inhanced it and made practical, before ICs computers used descrete components and this is actually the reason why they did start using ICs, because of a problem called "The tyranny of numbers" caused by descrete components.
Jun Ouyang well, if you go to 3:50, they did doping the gate terminal where the gate was only pure silicon before, by doping the got a silicon much easy to conduct, which is no longer necessary need a metal as connection
An IC doesn't really need to be a network of transistors. It can be a finely tuned group of circuits that preform a task. opamps, reg's... The big diff with IC and PCB's is that they are complimentary as you cant really get everything you need to operate a circuit inside an IC so it needs a home to for those parts (yes, you could make all IC's discretely, but why?). Human interface and large capacitors need to be mounted and connected, and thats where the PCB comes in for modern electronics.
A PCB is a container for the ICs. It would be difficult to interconnect ICs without a PCB - actually, people have done circuits without any PCB (see wire wrap on wikipedia). While each IC has a specific function, designers can interconnect multiple ICs and other components like resistors, capacitors and more using a PCB to design a product - like motherboards, mp3 players - without having to reinvent the IC every time.
most fascinating is the saw mill... how could it cut out a chip part with diameter of a couple 100 nm. insane. do they still use a saw mill or laser today?
booger king Remember there is a silicon layer that allows atom penetration, the blue layer just protects it from external intrusion other than the process requires.
The photoresist (photo sensitive material) used for pattern transfer is sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light and insensitive to yellow light. That is why they use yellow light in the photolithography room.
@chopin999 not only one people did invent it. That all is invented by a huge community of high qualifed physicans and technicans about many many yaers and accidents.
The energy of atoms is increased by electric field and shot into the silicon. This is called ion implantation. (Similar to shooting lead shots into a solid wall). The type of atoms depend on the type of material - n-type or p-type material you want to make. For making silicon n-type material, Phosphorus or Arsenic ions are used. For making silicon p-type, Boron ions are used. You need n-type and p-type materials to form a p-n junction like in a diode, transistor, etc.
@happygamestvfun1 the same answer for the next question: why house bricks are produced? well every person have differents needs and likes,,, just think how many DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS does the IC555 has over last 30 years of design?
They are printed. Literally. They put layers of "mask" which are different like chemicals for example that make 1 coat of layer. Then you put another, and another, and another. Eventually building up the chip.
No, the starting point is regular silicon. P-type is created by adding Si+1 valency impurities that draw electrons away from the silicon atoms creating valency holes ready to receive extra electrons and thus increasing conductivity. N-type is the opposite - adding Si-1 valency impurities results in free electrons and increased conductivity.
It is a little bit same as with printing news paper. It is most expensive to set up the production, but once it's all set up started, it's not much more expensive to make more of them.
Thing that confuses me is the cost. The numbers make no sense. Making a chip looks like THE most complicated thing on the planet to do. Even just a simple chip like the NE555 timer requires 300 process steps and much time to fabricate. Yet they can be had for like 3-cents each on eBay. This is proof that it is not all about the money. Life is not simply a matter of making money. Life is far more complex than just that of a number that equates to a sum of money if you are you are dead man.
