The Glorious Revolution?

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It’s time to take a look at the so-called “Glorious Revolution” and how we got there…
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Intro / Outro song: Silent Partner, "Greenery" [ • Greenery - Silent Part... ]
SFX from freesfx.co.uk/...
Images (from Wikimedia Commons, unless otherwise stated):
The Three Eldest Children of Charles I by Anthony van Dyck (1635-1636). Held by the Royal Collection Trust.
The execution of King Charles I, etching after an unknown artist (c.1649). Held by the National Portrait Gallery.
The Eve of the Battle of Edge Hill, 1642 by Charles Landseer (1845). Held by the Walker Art Gallery.
Mary, Princess Royal, and William II, Prince of Orange by Gerard van Honthorst (1647). Held by the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam.
Portrait of Henrietta Maria of France by Peter Lely (c.1660). Held by the Condé Museum.
Portrait of Oliver Cromwell after Samuel Cooper (based on a work of 1656). Held by the National Portrait Gallery.
Portrait of Charles II of England in Coronation robes by John Michael Wright (1671-1676). Held by the Royal Collection Trust.
The Family of James, Duke of York started by Peter Lely, completed by Benedetto Gennari (c.1668-1685). Held by the Royal Collection Trust.
Double portrait of King Charles II and Catherine of Braganza by an unknown artist of the English school (17th century). In a private collection.
Portrait of Mary of Modena by Godfrey Kneller and workshop (c.1687). Held by the National Trust.
Portrait of William, Prince of Orange by an unknown artist (1680-1710). Held by the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam.
Portrait of Mary Stuart by Peter Lely (c.1677-1680). Held in the collection of James Stunt.
Coronation of James II, King of England, and Queen Mary of Modena at Westminster, England by Francis Sandford. Published London, England: Printed by T. Newcomb, 1687.
James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth and Buccleuch by an unknown artist (c.1682). Held by the National Trust.
Portrait of Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll (17th century) in Argyll's Lodging, Stirling.
Portrait of Queen Mary of Modena with Prince James Stuart by Benedetto Gennari II (1690s). Held in an unidentified collection.
Photograph of a warming pan, taken by Algont (2008).
William and Mary depicted on the ceiling of the Painted Hall, Greenwich, by James Thornhill (18th century).
Texts consulted, include:
The relevant entries from The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Online.
#History #Stuart #GloriousRevolution

Опубликовано:

6 сен 2024

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Комментарии : 232

@mike-myke22 4 месяца назад

This topic fascinates me, because I see it as a coup that was rebranded as "Oh, yeah, he was invited over..." 😁

@murmursmeglos 4 месяца назад

I mean, he was invited over. I look at it that both William and England used eachother. William got an advantage against France and got to be king, while England could stay protestant and simply bypassed James for his daughter Mary. Everyone was happy. England's adopted some cunning tactics to keep the monarchy but I guess it's worked, while others crumbled.

@Zadir09 3 месяца назад

@@murmursmeglosHe was invited by wealthy politicians and barons to implement the Dutch style banking system that rules the planet to this day. No one in the country was asked, none of the people besides those signatories. The signatories were chosen to create an appearance of mass social discontent and that he would be welcomed as a hero

@arcola44-pu5pd 4 месяца назад

Love this topic!!!! Great point about the subsequent effects. If you consider Ireland and the Jacobite uprisings, it wasn't a "Bloodless" revolution at all. 👑

@eliscanfield3913 4 месяца назад

You set off my Alexa when you mentioned that date around 21 min in, Then it preceeded to tell me about the glorious revolution, lol

@DarkAngel459 4 месяца назад

There was a comment in the Chat from Marianne du Chatinier, saying that Charles II and Louis XIV resembled each other. Charles' mother Henrietta Maria, and Louis' father Louis XIII, were sister and brother, meaning that Charles and Louis were first cousins. Henrietta Maria and Louis XIII's parents were Henry IV of France and Marie de' Medici.

@1234cheerful 4 месяца назад

Thanks for the background!

@lindsaydrewe8219 4 месяца назад

Just about all the royal houses were/ are inbred. Too many cousins marrying cousins. France and Spain particularly bad for this

@MonsieurChapeau 4 месяца назад

Agree thank you. It is crazy to think that all of the individuals holding power in European countries were related, and yet they would go to war against each other then marry each other to establish diplomatic relations. It was bizarre and defined the coarse of history for like a 1000 years! How did that happen? History is like a foreign country.

@CountessKitten 3 месяца назад

Yes, the dark Medici shows in them both. Louis XIV and Charles II happen to be my absolute FAVORITE Royals in all of the world, in any date and era! 💫✨

@Siansonea 4 месяца назад

It's astonishing how often the birth of a boy child, or lack thereof, dictated the direction of the history of England. 👶👑

@karigirl3569 4 месяца назад

Not just England but all over Europe and many other areas of the world. How many died even when there was a male birth but it was through a female direct descendant ? So senseless.

@doombiscuit5515 4 месяца назад

In response to your question, Dr Kat - personally, I think the 'Glorious Revolution' was inevitable on multiple fronts; both because England (and Scotland) were firmly Protestant nations by now, and ones who had grown used to a monarchy that was no longer absolute, so the outdated ideas of kingship that Charles (to a lesser extent, ish) and James (much more strongly, funnily enough like his namesake grandad) upheld was never going to fly. Perhaps if Charles and James had been slightly more conciliatory personalities, it wouldn't have come to it - but William of Orange was never going to turn down the Anglo-Scottish throne, and the resources of the nation, given how precarious his Dutch territories, constantly beset by Catholic neighbours of much greater power. Why constantly have to beg your father-in-law / brother-in-law for help when you can just assure that help will come, because you're in charge of both the protestant powers of Europe, after all? That's my two cents anyway.

@sorceress1963 4 месяца назад

I find it very interesting that there is this "either or" of Protestantism in UK. A little bit later a Protestang Duke in Germany became King in Poland. Thus he himself and the court converted to Catholicism. However, his people in Saxony where granted to stay Protestant (which was the mainland of Lutherism after all). This remained so till 1918. There was some strife within his people at least in the beginning but nothing, nothing woul have resulted in a "REVOLUTION". And that makes the English Parliament's movements VERY, VERY suspicious.

@debbiev4455 3 месяца назад

I agree with you .

@stephanietaylor8003 4 месяца назад

Fascinating times. I studied this period in my undergraduate university studies in History (in Australia) and then again when studying for a Law degree, still in Australia. Some law students thought this subject didn't belong in a B.Law course, but it was a core unit.

@ronaldderooij1774 4 месяца назад

Interesting. In the Netherlands we see it as a military invasion designed to keep belligerent (against the Netherlands, because it was a Republic) France at bay by generating an Amsterdam-London axis. Unfortunately for us Dutchies, William of Orange quickly forgot that he was a Dutch stadtholder and thus ended the "golden age" of the Netherlands. From then on, London took over from Amsterdam.

@tonyharpur8383 4 месяца назад

Quite right too! The Dutch fleet in 1688 was larger than the much feared Spanish Armada launched against England in 1588.

@alecblunden8615 4 месяца назад

You have a strange conception of what a "Republic"is, perhaps understandably as the term is a portmanteau word made up of res - thibgs- publica - public, ie public matters: a. Nonsense term. The Roman republic was an oligarchy and so was the Dutch variant, under the leadership of the a Stadtholder, or ersatz king. The surrounding states hated that Netherlands as Protestant and successful in opposing Spain and France, not because of the tortuous semantics of it governmental system.

@tonyharpur8383 4 месяца назад

@@alecblunden8615 the Republic of Venice had a Doge (duke) as head of state, similarly with the Republic of Genoa. The Stadholder was stadholder of the different individual provinces (and even then some provinces did without a stadholder), he was not the stadholder of The Seven United Provinces of the Netherlands. The stadholder did not have kingly powers, and the provincial Estates, with the States General, had supreme power. It was certainly a better approach to government that the near despotism that prevailed in Tudor and early Stuart England.

@alecblunden8615 4 месяца назад

@@tonyharpur8383 As mentioned. an oligarchy. Rather light on democracy.

@estrellagarciazamora8721 4 месяца назад

I'm not surprised William of Orange preferred England, as he got to be king.

@user-yi7mg5ig6l 4 месяца назад

As an American, this is/was History I was not taught and never understood, now it is clear! Thank you, Dr.Kat, for schooling we who never knew and those that might have forgotten this History. I learn from you each week.

@Myke_OBrien 4 месяца назад

Brava! Your content never fails to be both entertaining and informative. 🤴

@theresalaux5655 4 месяца назад

Thanks!

@kimberlyperrotis8962 4 месяца назад

Very generous!

@hilmaallen1302 4 месяца назад

I just want to say that I really love the opening music.

@Sweetthang9 4 месяца назад

Is it supposed to sound like the "I have friends, I totally have friends" meme?

@rezza_lynsaii 4 месяца назад

@@Sweetthang9 huh ?

@Sweetthang9 4 месяца назад

@@rezza_lynsaii Just look up the video. Its a parody video of a little girl singing "I have friends, I totally have friends". And the tune is very similar.

@Shane-Flanagan 4 месяца назад

Pretty in pink Dr Kat 😘

@Michelle-Loves-Books 4 месяца назад

👑👑 Would love a video about how this played out in relation to Ireland.

@1234cheerful 4 месяца назад

Yes! That would be interesting!

@conemadam 4 месяца назад

Please do!!!!!!

@suzannehall5200 3 месяца назад

Yes please. I know nothing about that.

@debbiev4455 3 месяца назад

I am interested too!

@sunniclark6827 4 месяца назад

👍 I'm not English but their history is fascinating and I enjoy watching your videos! Thank you for taking the time to share with us!

@lesleyschultz6846 4 месяца назад

This was really terrific! I was always a bit weak on the history around the Stuart monarchies. Thank you so much!

@wheezysqueezebox7651 4 месяца назад

A very tiny baby, or a comically large warming pan... Priceless! A birth, after 15 years of marriage, is unusual, however! Many people, would have assumed that Mary, was unable to bear children! Very interesting, Dr Kat! Thanks! 🫅👶🏰⚔️

@chriscarson7384 4 месяца назад

I find both the Stuart restoration and the glorious revolution very interesting. It seems to me that from the time of the restoration, there could be no question that the king or queen of Britain served at the pleasure of the nobility. 👑👑🏰🏰😟😟

@caroleharris3450 4 месяца назад

Thank you, this video really helped sort out the James's for me .🧠 🤴 👑

@gertsgarden 4 месяца назад

I missed the live, but I get to have lunch with you and learn something interesting. Thank you so much for all your hard work

@danielsantiagourtado3430 4 месяца назад

Love your content! You're amazing ❤❤❤❤❤

@mikalbell8125 4 месяца назад

I tend to think that the, "Glorious Revolution", was not inevitable; but the replacement of James with William and Mary; probably was because religious toleration was still fairly unusual in europe.. As a result, the idea that a Catholic dynasty wouldn't force it's religion on the country was inconceivable to most people. The only way James could have avoided a conflict was to abdicate.

@margaretschembridalli5218 4 месяца назад

Looking forward to the continuation of the story. It's also so interesting to read the different views of other nationalities like the Dutch.

@Spectroscopyneedsacontainer 4 месяца назад

Resting! I had always wondered where the term Jacobite had come from, and now I’m going to call my husband, Jim, Jacob :-) guide dog and emoticon :-)

@ireneford5722 4 месяца назад

Great video.

@grtlyblesd 4 месяца назад

Looking forward to a video about the Jacobite uprisings. Being American, I had no idea they were a thing until reading the Outlander series. 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿

@loismccluresmith7944 4 месяца назад

Could you do a video about some of the books in your collection? I’m inordinately curious about historians personal collections.

@prettybirdbeenlpeacock6592 4 месяца назад

She did a video a while back when she redid her bookshelf. It was an interesting watch.

@moirataylor6417 4 месяца назад

There was also much bloodshed in Scotland too, not just Ireland.

@judyshoaf448 4 месяца назад

Thanks for a clear outline of a period i had always found murky.❤

@bmj1680 4 месяца назад

Once again a great lecture! 🇬🇧

@kittling5427 4 месяца назад

I'd love it if you could cover the two rebellions 🙏

@sjmsutherland 4 месяца назад

💂 thoroughly enjoyed this video!! And I can't wait til the next one!!xxx

@goeegoanna 4 месяца назад

Fascinating, as always. Thank you.

@DipityS 4 месяца назад

Fascinating topic - I do get muddled with the same names all about the place - and you've parsed a lot that I was unclear on. 👑

@lucindalavelle4246 4 месяца назад

❤thank you. Wars ate very rarely for religion usually its a smokescreen for power and wealth.

@jackiehumphreys1478 4 месяца назад

You need to follow on with the war in Ireland as it still important in modern history

@conemadam 4 месяца назад

And Dr. Kat needs to paint the vivid picture of what William III unleashed on Ireland.

@lilibetp 4 месяца назад

Gee, who would have thought a man of Scottish descent could be a bit on the stubborn side? It's such a rare trait for us. ;o)

@conemadam 4 месяца назад

I have always found the fate of King James and his son and grandson extremely sad. There was nothing glorious about James leaving, nor was there anything bloodless about William’s obscenely cruel acts in Ireland. And then, consider the blood shed in the name of James’s son, and grandson Charles. After Culloden, the Scots culture and people were annihilated by the new, German rulers of England. The ignominy imposed by vicious rumors and intentions of the Church of England, and by the supporters of William and Mary ,have in my childish mind, made the fate of James and his descendants a real tragedy .

@learnenglishwithauntyjeanp1646 4 месяца назад

That's true, but remember that on the other side, such cruelty also played a big part. Burning people alive because their Biblical interpretation differs, isn't exactly Christian either.

@kaloarepo288 4 месяца назад

What happened in England and Ireland was small beer compared to what Catholic rulers were doing to Protestants and others in their countries - Louis XIV expelled all the French Protestants (The Huguenots) from France and they were among the most industrious of French people - millions had to move to Britain (that explains a lot of French names in Britain!) others found refuge in Protestant Germany or in the Netherlands where some eventually ended up in South Africa and that explains why many Afrikaaners have French names. And then you need only look at Spain and Italy with burning of heretics on an industrial scale, In the Italian duchy of Savoy the Italian Protestants known as Waldsensians who were simple peasant people living in the mountains were savagely massacred. Famous poet John Milton wrote a poem about this "Avenge Oh Lord they slaughtered saints." Protestants were also all expelled from the Habsburg empire and the prince bishopric of Salzburg.

@conemadam 4 месяца назад

Of course you are both very right. I understand the vast areas and complexities of rival governments that are involved. I understand the big picture and the horrific political games that had to be played, which all involved the Glory of each country to have been victorious. That’s why I called my opinion childish, because the realities of the dissolution of the Catholic Church in England wrought such chaos and carnage. There were new countries to lay claim to all over the world. The Bloodless revolution was a drop in the bucket during a period when all of Europe was in conflict in order to grow larger and gain more power. But I still think that it is sad. I suspect that I am a Jacobite at heart

@briandelaney9710 4 месяца назад

@@kaloarepo288this is just Whataboutism

@briandelaney9710 4 месяца назад

It definitely wasn’t bloodless in Scotland and Ireland. A Whig Myth

@mike-myke22 4 месяца назад

William arrived with 450 ships and 40,000 soldiers - but it's rarely refered to as an invasion. Most believe 1066 was the last time that happened.

@tonyharpur8383 4 месяца назад

Yes, I've frequently referred to William of Orange's arrival in 1688 as an invasion. It frequently provoked looks of astonishment in my audience...until I point out that William's fleet was even larger than the Spanish Armada of exactly a century earlier....1588!

@Locksley108 4 месяца назад

@@tonyharpur8383 Despite the fact that a huge portion of the invading force consisted of english exiles and that the "invasion" was widely supported?

@josephpearson2230 4 месяца назад

What a disgrace to be invaded by Dutchmen. Surely they would’ve heard them coming in their wooden shoes.

@mike-myke22 4 месяца назад

@@Locksley108 That is historically inaccurate. I suggest you try Wikipedia.

@murmursmeglos 4 месяца назад

Perhaps because an invasion usually means you force your will on the people you invade (like William the Conqueror), not relent to all their demands in order to appease them. It could be said England sweetened the deal as they could have just crowned Mary on her own, but decided to do co-monarchs in order to not make William play second-fiddle.

@curiousfirely 4 месяца назад

Thanks for another great video! 🧡 🌷

@shelbythe2ds526 4 месяца назад

Another great video Dr Kat! 🎉🎉🎉❤❤❤

@Dragonfruit_Iceream224 4 месяца назад

can you do a video about the first queen of Ireland

@sandra2948 4 месяца назад

Great video❤

@annemorton5236 4 месяца назад

Thank you for a fair-minded and sympathetic approach to people and events who are not always discussed in this way. ⚔

@No_One507 4 месяца назад

Thank you, Dr. Kat! Finally, the Stuarts. I have a lifelong fascination for them, and have read quite a few books. Speaking of which: what biography of James II would you recommend?

@gaylesuggs8523 4 месяца назад

Another great video - thank you!👑 I wonder how things might have been different if little James had eventually become the king.

@briandelaney9710 3 месяца назад

I think James Francis Edward is neglected figure in history Anne should really have fought for her half brother to succeed her

@vagirl4909 4 месяца назад

Hi Dr. Kat! Thanks so much for presenting this topic! I enjoyed today's video. I've been interested in learning more about the Jacobites ; who and what they were. Been a fan of the Outlander TV show based on Diana Gabaldon's books. Can't wrap my head around why those Scots were willing to run across that field at Culloden. I am excited for your presentation on the Jacobites. Were you ever able to get a set of Lincoln Logs for your son? I don't know if they are available in the UK (?) I would be honored to send him a set if you are willing and able to share an address. (Not your private home, but maybe an office to which you have to go for work?) Thanks for all you do! Sarah Cargill 🚢🤴 🤺⛪⚔

@Locksley108 4 месяца назад

Watching outlander to gain an understanding of the jacobite rebellion is like watching game of thrones to understand the war of the roses It's a fantasy show

@nichola607 4 месяца назад

Great 😃

@--enyo-- 4 месяца назад

These later Stuarts (male and female) seem to have had a very hard time having healthy children. I wonder if it was just bad luck/high mortality common to the time, or if there was actually some genetic factor?

@prettybirdbeenlpeacock6592 4 месяца назад

So much royal inbreeding-must be something genetic as well as high infant mortality and pregnancy care

@Kasamira 3 месяца назад

Great video as always!

@Kristine709 3 месяца назад

Fantastic and informative video! 🏰🏰👑👑🏰🏰

@billy.lord.artist 4 месяца назад

🫅Fascinating and informative as always🍊

@sandrawallace1001 4 месяца назад

I don't see how things could have turned out differently. It would have required James to renounce his Roman Catholic faith, which he had proven time and again he was unwilling to do. The only other option would have been to change the minds of Parliament and the public - also unlikely. I do have a question: I have seen claims (and forgive me, it was awhile ago and I can't cite sources) that Charles II turned Catholic on his deathbed and received last rites. This seems pretty unbelievable to me, but if true, how ironic! Thanks, Dr. Kat. I so enjoy your videos.

@briandelaney9710 3 месяца назад

Charles did convert on his deathbed. Father Huddleston (The Benedictine monk who had been among those who helped him escape after the Battle of Worcester) received him into the Catholic Faith

@gladiator652004 4 месяца назад

I think James II was political illiterate like Charles I. His lack of nous made the Glorious Revolution inevitable. 🤔

@Lionstar16 4 месяца назад

The apple didn't fall far from the tree

@arcola44-pu5pd 4 месяца назад

Exactly! Had James been more flexible, or dare I say cagey, like his brother, he might have kept his throne. But it wasn't in his DNA.

@robinhumphrey2692 4 месяца назад

😊 thanks!

@gavinjohnson1730 4 месяца назад

I would love to know about the joint rule of William and Mary. How does a country work with two sovereigns ? 👸🏻🍊🤴🏻

@adrianortega7157 4 месяца назад

Great video as always 👍 👑🤴

@brianthesage5119 3 месяца назад

Please make more videos about the Stuart dynasty. They are underrated but the most consequential dynasty after the Tudors. 😇🙏👑

@gabzi27 4 месяца назад

Lots of fleeing in this one. 🚣🏻‍♂️✝️

@dawnmuse6481 4 месяца назад

I have always found the religious conflicts among the royals so sad. I truly believe James and his children were the true inheritors of the throne. There should never have been Hanoverians as inheritors. They hated England, the English people, the English language and they didn’t deserve the crown.👑

@ccsullivan9164 4 месяца назад

👑👑👑🎈❤️❤️❤️ my crowns are reserved for you!

@rl3293 4 месяца назад

Yay! ❤

@briandelaney9710 4 месяца назад

This might be a good time to ask for a video on James Francis Edward who is much neglected

@Theturtleowl 2 месяца назад

When I saw a warming pan in person for the first time, I pictured an enormous warming pan carried by two people with a baby in it. The whole idea of the 'warming pan incident' is comical and a typical story that was invented to serve an idea.

@countbalerionofhousetatter2624 4 месяца назад

Interesting. I have a certain amount of Jacobite sympathy. It's complocated, because on the one hand it seems one of the sticking points was James wanting to extend toleration, which is good, while on the other it's not good for one person to have unlimited power. 👑

@countbalerionofhousetatter2624 4 месяца назад

maybe if they'd been able to compromise and let james rule in Ireland and william in britain. but then the british would have had to worry about being encircled.

@julzy3 4 месяца назад

Charles II had so many Fitzroys, it is a shame that he wasn't married sooner & having legitimate heirs all that time because then maybe the whole mess could've been avoided. 🏰👑🍆

@DelphineCingal 4 месяца назад

Very interesting 🏹

@oodlepoodles 4 месяца назад

👑

@melaniehylok5670 4 месяца назад

Separation of church and state is the only way.

@jamesinzeo7726 4 месяца назад

👑🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿✝️

@jenniferwilliamson7533 4 месяца назад

⚔️

@Howelton2020 4 месяца назад

HELLO!

@BeeKool__113 4 месяца назад

As always, dear Doctor great video. Very interesting and entertaining. And, highly educational. 🧠💡📚📖 I think Jimmy 2's downfall was absolutely avoidable but he was too caught up in his religious zeal to perhaps tone it down and maybe make amends and buddy up to those who opposed him. Never been a fan of his. 😾🙅🏼‍♀️👑 I would have to say my favorite Stuarts are absolutely Anne, Mary II and Charlie II ❤👑👑👑

@utuberhoda 4 месяца назад

❤❤❤

@paulaellis6281 4 месяца назад

🦁

@manuellubian5709 2 месяца назад

Where is "Torbay"? I've never heard of the place.

@Aldo_raines 4 месяца назад

Queen Catherine of Braganza has a prominent place in America named after herself. Is it a town named Braganza? Nope. Is it a city named Catherine? No. It’s the borough of Queens in NYC, named after her title.

@G.L.McCarthy-vr1oe 4 месяца назад

🏰

@Sweetart21 4 месяца назад

🤴

@marcusfridh8489 4 месяца назад

Kingly and battly emojis 🏹🏹👑👑⚔️🗡️🛡️

@jimbazinet7172 4 месяца назад

🍊🍊🍊🍊

@lipingrahman6648 4 месяца назад

It could be argued that, whatever you would call it, it was one of the most successful revolutions of all time. More so since the commonwealth simply devolved into Cromwell’s dictatorship. It did exactly what they perpetrators set out to do and out of it the monarchy was severely weakened relative to parliament.

@isawa6649 4 месяца назад

😊

@lynneh5951 4 месяца назад

⚔️🛡️

@karenmsuk 4 месяца назад

☺☺

@beverleightodd5710 4 месяца назад

🤺👑

@dorian4534 Месяц назад

Charles II multitudes of bastards are always interesting, as well as their descendants 🙏 ⚔

@penneycason9269 4 месяца назад

🇦🇺👑🫅🤴👸🇦🇺

@Selfimprovement-t8e Месяц назад

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@christavanzant3032 3 месяца назад

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@damianBTSot7 4 месяца назад

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@evelynpeavy 4 месяца назад

Battley emoji

@tony-leebrizzell2654 4 месяца назад

Sam Pepys describes James as being dull and unimaginative , in his diary

@janemacdonald3732 4 месяца назад

King Charles II was a pragmatist, he's rule was a tightrope walk between his supporters and the puritans left after Cromwell. James II was like his father, he believed in a kings devine right to rule as he saw fit. This explains why in mainland Britain William of Orange was welcomed w8th open arms and no resistance. Although William of Orange and Mary Stuart ruled jointly William was in fact the king and she stayed at Hampton Court palace with he women taking charge of the renovations. As for the Jacobites they were a bunch of Scottish lord who realised they lost out by supporting James II. As I have always thought both James II and William of Orange were pig headed male chauvinist who used and abused their wives this is one small part of English history I'd rather forget.⛵🏹💣💣💣

@MonsieurChapeau 4 месяца назад

Or that time the Dutch conquered England….because the English let them. 🤣 Hallo from Amsterdam, I am looking forward to this episode.