The Doomsday Machine was made from solid Neutronium and Carogan ships are made of solid Crashonium. So you can imagine what would happen if they were to collide.
It is interesting how the Doomsday Machine is implied to be extremely old. Yet TNG's "Evolution" says that Neutronium(which the Planet Killer is composed of) decays, which makes me wonder, is this thing's half-life thousands of years?
So my guess is Neutronium refers to the material Neutron Stars consist of. The most dense matter in the universe. I have no idea how you mine, fabricate yet build with this stuff but ok it's a show with Timetravel and Q so probably better not to overthink that one. Cool choice for something that is advanced amour. Not something like invincillium or so...😂.