The Material Science of Metal 3D Printing

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Writer/Narrator: Brian McManus
Editor: Stephanie Sammann (www.stephanie-sammann.com/)
Animator: Mike Ridolfi (www.moboxgraphics.com/)
Sound: Graham Haerther (haerther.net/)
Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster / forgottentowel
References:
A great deal of the information in this video was retrieved through interviews with Christophere M Magazzeni a PhD student in Oxford University and with Professor Roger Reed a founder of Oxmet. Other relevant references are listed below.
[1]
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
[2]news.3deo.co/strategy/additiv...
[3] www.sciencedirect.com/science...
[4] przyrbwn.icm.edu.pl/APP/PDF/12...
[5] www.sciencedirect.com/topics/...
[6] www.nature.com/articles/s4146...
[7] www.fracturae.com/index.php/M...
[8] www.sciencedirect.com/science...
[9] www.sciencedirect.com/science...
[10]
www.scielo.org.za/pdf/sajie/v2...
Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage.
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Songs:
Thank you to my patreon supporters: Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung

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31 май 2024

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Комментарии : 2 тыс.

@RealEngineering 4 года назад

I do not have enough time to make a teamtrees video for Real Engineering, but we did make a video about methods to conserve rainforest habitats over on Real Science. I planted 1000 trees yesterday over on teamtrees.org. Every tree gets us closer to our 20 million target. ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-mV6GL7RrXz8.html

@zhengjia9580 4 года назад

Real Engineering science and conserve spelt wrongly lol

@maxclark2136 4 года назад

I was just about to comment this!!!!!

@RealEngineering 4 года назад

@@zhengjia9580 lol

@Lemon-du4sq 4 года назад

Your at it to you sneaky bugger😂😂

@Texan.Insomniac 4 года назад

5:58 "Which places the magnitude on the *Y axis* and the number of cycles it survived on the *Y axis* " Uhm Unless I'm being dumb, can't you only have one Y axis?

@4Gehe2 4 года назад

As a welder and steel fabricator... I have seen plenty of young engineers bringin forth plans that are impossible or REALLY UNNECESSARILY COMPLEX to fabricate. (And many of them have refused to take feedback... for some reason.) And since I started to study engineering at university, I have found great amount of value from my practical experience of welding and steel fabrication. Seriously engineers... Talk to the people making your things. Often there are simple changes you can do that will cut cost and production time, if you'd just bother to talk to us. We don't bite. We might be blunt and few worded, but we aren't mean. We like it when we get to share our experience.

@Troph2 4 года назад

bruh, don't you know they have the degrees, know your place. I welded/fabbed for about ten years, fuck that shit.

@RichardCranium321 4 года назад

I'm so glad I learned 3d CAD before getting a job in a fab plant in the machine room & later applying for a position in the engineering dept. My official title was "Production Assistance Engineer" meaning I had to go behind the engineers & fix their designs so that they could actually process them in the plant. My nickname in the fab room was "Mr. FixaFuck"

@johntheux9238 4 года назад

@@Troph2 Should make a south park episode about that.

@sleeptyper 4 года назад

My boss tries to tell me how to do my job many times per week. Every time i just let him talk and do my job my way anyway. Complains are very rare.

@jimkennedy4509 4 года назад

Henri Hänninen Kelly Johnson has a rule engineers couldn’t sit more than 100 feet from the factory floor. If there was a problem in assembly the engineer had to go to the floor. Kelly Johnson ran Lockheed’s Skunk Works for decades and designed the U 2 and sr 71 blackbird etc. My wife is a jeweler and sees this with students leaving school. No, you can’t take 6 months to make a pair of earrings.

@jrbhatchet 3 года назад

I'm a materials science and engineering major and after I saw this video I decided to dedicate my research to metal additive manufacturing. I've since studied recycling Ti64 powders and post processing that improves fatigue. I'm currently taking a machine learning course that's specifically for materials science data analysis. Thank you for basically setting up my early career!

@kdcruz75 2 года назад

Goof luck with ur career. Can u point me to any online course that deals with addirtive metal engineering... Did u means Ti04... What sort of appplixations can ti04 metal aaddictive engineting be used for... Can it be used to buold building suppport structures, especually in coastal areas

@puskarpathak8913 2 года назад

hi, would you mind sharing the name of machine learning course you are enrolled? thanks

@antiundead 2 года назад

I suggest you look to work for a medical company. They are throwing stupid money at using Ti printed implants.

@somewherenear3003 2 года назад

If you find any online ML course that specializes in material data science, plz mention the link

@xharpreet25 Год назад

@jordan hatch what are your views on 3D printing feasibility for bridge manufacturing.

@TheReadBaron91 4 года назад

“Placing fastener holes in inaccessible locations” Seems to be a specialty of engineers.

@brianroys1868 4 года назад

I heard it as "placing fastener holes in..."

@TheReadBaron91 4 года назад

brian roys whoops! Autocorrect got me

@coreys2686 4 года назад

Especially automotive engineers.

@zefrum3 3 года назад

easier to criticize than hypothosize ...fool

@TheReadBaron91 3 года назад

Apparently someone hasn’t heard of the long running, sarcastical (mostly) fuede between mechanics and engineers

@waddadawd 4 года назад

The best part of this channel is that I’m slowly understanding more and more of what he’s talking about as I’m studying engineering in college

@NorthIn1984 4 года назад

5:56 I love those two Y axises

@chikennuget3634 4 года назад

Angry Mushroom axes*

@rookrook7697 4 года назад

Lol and I missed that one. My brain told me X.

@NorthIn1984 4 года назад

@@chikennuget3634 oof

@williamf.7655 4 года назад

I'm french, so I first heard this during driving, and I don't pay attention. Then when I read you comment, I listen it... and I look for the second vertical y axe... and I don't found it... then I listen carefully... and I laughed. I don't always understand "key and peel" video... but mathematics are universal... which isn't the case of the imperial unit systems. Thx for your comments.

@EtherFox 4 года назад

It's not two Y axes. It's N on the Y Axis, and Stress on the Why Axis.

@thestudentofficial5483 4 года назад

You wouldn't download a car 20 years later:

@johannvisser7659 4 года назад

Throw back

@garethbaus5471 4 года назад

Not yet, but definitely getting closer.

@benheinz8817 4 года назад

@@garethbaus5471 Look up Divergent Microfactories.

@VuLamDang 4 года назад

@@johannvisser7659 download more RAM IRL

@Kurokubi 4 года назад

*_some assembly required_*

@Hichinator 4 года назад

While you stated that pores and cracks mostly form during overhangs, with no support material below, I must mention that with the right parameters of laserspeed (Scanspeed) and laserpower (in watts or Joules per mm³) you usually achive parts with 99.5+ % relative density. What is often even better than casting parts. When we did a parameter study of AlSi10Mg we found that the tensile strenght exceeds 400N/mm² (as build with no heat treatment) for casted parts its only around 250 N/mm²´but unfortunately the elongation before breaking is almost zero so you get a very brittle part. The issue here is, that you need a well formed crystaline structure to accomondate fatigue fracturing, so heat treatment is necessarry. But, heat treatment means deformation of your printed part... So what we need is a simulation tool to predict the deformation after 3D-Printing and after heat treatment. Even thou ANSYS has its Additive manufacturing suit, we found the results not to correlate well enought with real world experiments to be of use for regular implementation.

@Icefrostmiguel Год назад

There is a company which successfuly predicts that heat deformation computationally. Its called Relativity and they are building 3D printed rockets right now. Their process made them already profitable alone even if they fail to launch those rockets.

@genjitsu7448 Год назад

I have been an engineer for over 25 years after college and i feel that it was an amazing career choice. I can honestly say that generally speaking i had more good days at work than bad ones by far. Actually often having quite a bit of fun designing and building and testing things, breaking things, blowing things up, etc...

@jyothisjenu6477 Год назад

I'm in my fourth year of engineering college, and I can genuinely say, Deo volente, that I am so excited for my next 25 years after college

@genjitsu7448 Год назад

@@jyothisjenu6477 Best of luck! I just landed a job and this company makes some super high tech equipment, high speed automation kind of stuff... very cool. Make sure you have fun, that you always show drive, that you will get the problems solved, that you want to take on the next project, etc... If that is in you great, it is hard to build in people that don't have that self starter drive. Make your boss'es job easy by getting everything done on time, solve problems for them... this will really help to propel you quickly into bigger and better things. Pretty soon you will be managing a team of engineers, will be promoted and making some serious money, and you will have a great reputation. I can say looking back now after meeting dozens if not hundreds of engineers, that the ones that joke around in a bad way, that are not self starters, that do not have a spark, a passion, a drive, well they are still working on kind of the same level of stuff they were doing when they first started... and if that is exactly what you want then actually great. But for sure, again from 28 years of knowing people, the ones that are doing very good to great today are the ones that had that drive. It seems obvious but still, it does take an attitude that for now this is the job that you have and if you think you are worth more that is fine but today, now, work on the projects you are assigned with drive, passion, work your butt off... but still you will have fun because engineering is a self rewarding job. It is creative, difficult, and it gets great respect from people in a good way.

@adalbertolima3491 4 года назад

I’m a mechanical engineering student and this semester I’m taking a class called materials and processes, the crazy thing is that just last week we did a lab on this topic of how we can affect metals to improve mechanical properties. We had to put a sample of carbon steel in a furnace and while we were waiting our lab instructor was telling us about the research he did in 3D printing while he was a student and he essentially gave a more generic version of what your said with the fatigue analysis. I just find it so cool that you made a video on this right after I just learned about this in lab.

@CRohitSorte 4 года назад

From which University?

@yousuf418 4 года назад

Mechanical Engineer here too.

@spudastic 4 года назад

carbon steel? as opposed to steel with no carbon in it?

@dominicksossong1854 4 года назад

@@spudastic Carbon steel, as opposed to steel with more than just carbon in it

@matthewmarston6241 4 года назад

You should research materials engineering! We do all kinds of research into all the mechanisms of strengthening and the effects alloying can have (High-Entrop Alloys are the big talk these days as we have moved on from bulk metallic glasses) if you are interested to read introduction to materials by Callister, it is widely considered the materials bible!

@alkmegeakarsu7052 4 года назад

5:59 Revolutionary coordinate system confirmed lol

@benheinz8817 4 года назад

Everybody makes mistakes.

@RealEngineering 4 года назад

We actually caught that mistake but I am travelling without my mic at the moment, so couldn't fix it.

@alkmegeakarsu7052 4 года назад

@@RealEngineering No problem man love the content

@phillyphil1513 4 года назад

lol

@brytonmassie 4 года назад

@@RealEngineering lol its fine we just like to tease you, a funny way to get back would have been to use a potato quality mic.

@soetekinhaentjens1462 4 года назад

You can hear how he relates when he said "mecanist laugh at the designs of a confident college kid"

@See_Sharp 3 года назад

Lasers that weld on the atomic level is the future of 3d printing.

@krishna97 3 года назад

November 2020 : statement recorded .

@discopoe 3 года назад

Why do you think so?

@antonliakhovitch8306 3 года назад

@Sean M I think they mean inter-atomic, not subatomic. Ie, moving individual atoms around rather than fusing atoms into heavier elements. Although, a fusion reactor that produces rocket engines as a waste product would certainly be nice 😂

@petergerdes1094 3 года назад

What would that mean? Like the way an atomic force microscope can arrange atoms? That wouldn't be useful since it would take forever to build anything. Or do you mean the ability to use masks accurate to the atomic level as they do in the semiconductor industry? Or do you just mean lasers which produce the desired molecular structure. That would be great but why do you think it can be done?

@hadhamalnam 3 года назад

A laser physically cant weld on an atomic level, all it does is raise the the temperature (that is the speed of the atoms) such that the powders melts and resolidifies into the weld. So on an atomic level, a laser just increases chaotic movement and does the opposite of welding atoms individually.

@the43cracingchannel 4 года назад

Real Engineering: 3d printing metal RU-vid: #TeamTrees

@RealEngineering 4 года назад

Well we actually did take part in team trees over on our new channel: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-mV6GL7RrXz8.html

@alphaadhito 4 года назад

@@RealEngineering Excellent!

@the43cracingchannel 4 года назад

@@RealEngineering

@cyborg_v271 4 года назад

Guys just 3D print the trees, job done

@eneshadziric9961 4 года назад

Welp,why not?why waste time?why go the harder way?

@nebnoswel 4 года назад

I've always been worried that these videos only sounded right to me because I wasn't professionally familiar with the topics being discussed, but as someone who works with all the technologies mentioned here everyday, I can say you nailed it! Excellent work, the service you offer to your audience and to engineers everywhere is priceless.

@naminogiri 4 года назад

Can I Ask you if has ever been tried to 3D metal print in vacuum (or reduced atmosphere, or inert atmosphere)? It could resolve some problems, maybe creating new ones

@MaHu098 4 года назад

naminogiri In the process chamber in which a protective gas atmosphere prevails, a flow is required to transport waste products away from the melting point. This is very difficult in a vacuum.

@JefeInquisidorGOW 4 года назад

Maybe using a magnetic bed

@ndvorsky 4 года назад

@@naminogiri It has been done but there are a number of issues. My favorite issue is that while creating the vacuum, air will bubble out of the powder which can cause some disruptions. If this happens really quickly you get an awesome effect like boiling metal or like quicksand. Also once the air is all removed the powder becomes much harder to move like wet sand vs dry sand. This gums up the machinery. Also, when melting the powder, some kind of soot and off-gassing occurs which must be taken away because it interferes with the laser beam or deposits on laser optics. A build-up of soot is a MAJOR MAJOR fire hazard as well. Air is needed to blow the soot away into containment.

@jeffbenton6183 3 года назад

What if we just did it on the Moon? (Hideously expensive, I know)

@professordanfurmanek3732 3 года назад

Retired University professor, this wonderful field of science definitely requires more funding!! The applications and advantages are indeed infinit.

@BillAnt 2 года назад

Indeed 3D metal is a complex new field as each layer is built up from melted metal powder, there's a lot that can go wrong only visible by x-ray. It's almost like building with legos, layering one "brick/pixel" at a time.

@beck645 3 года назад

I have seen many of your videos. The quality has no equal. Absolutely spectacular in every way. I wish others could produce videos half as good as yours. Remarkable content. Amazing graphics and your Irish vocal delivery is just incredible. This level of professionalism is truly rare these days and you have created a standard very few will ever approach. Thank you for your superb videos.

@UtterStupiditty 4 года назад

Literally learning these exact concepts in my senior Detail Design course for my aerospace engineering degree at ERAU. Great video! Love the visuals.

@theNerdandtheNurse 4 года назад

Fellow Riddle engineer alumni here, graduated in '13. Really set me up for success, best of luck with your career!

@BenWilson24 4 года назад

Nice! I'm an ERAU alumni that works in additive manufacturing at Honeywell

@rickintexas1584 4 года назад

I graduated ERAU in May 1986, BS Aero Eng. You have a great career and life in front of you. Enjoy it!

@alwynwatson6119 3 года назад

Why not extrusion print metal like we do with plastic?

@seigalitious3436 4 года назад

Hey Brian, I have been with your channel on my other account since you only had around 5 Thousand Subs, and i have to say. it brings a tear to my eye when i see just how far you have come since you were first starting out. and, i just want to say. Keep up the amazing work my friend. you are bringing the beautiful, fascinating, and constantly evolving world of engineering to the masses in a wonderfully innovating way. I support you 100% Your Fan, Jonathan L Seig

@GeneralKenobi69420 Год назад

This is the cringest RU-vid comment I've ever seen in my life

@SuperYellowsubmarin 4 года назад

Your videos are very well documented and spot-on ! I think Markforged's approach of binding a green part and then sintering all at once in a furnace is a better way to go, once you depart from the overvalued concept of having a finished part straight out of the printer. I would not be surprised that HP researches such a path with their Multijetfusion technology !

@wormholespacetime 3 года назад

This is why I love this channel! I'm working in metal 3DP and the exact thinking outlined here, led me to a Metal-X. I also got a MarkII for free so I'd love to see a video about carbon fiber composites and especially design strategies and applications possible with continuous fiber 3DP. As this is my 1st comment here, let me say again: great work! Thanks for sharing your knowledge!

@deepakhegde99 4 года назад

This technology is 30 years old but it's now booming because of the expiring patent rights.

@pheo4156 4 года назад

Abolish copyright

@tonyhussey3610 4 года назад

Pheo said the person who has never designed anything marketable.

@ayushprasad6159 4 года назад

Capitalism. Unfortunately, enough money can only be made that way relative to the hard work.

@MetallicReg 4 года назад

Pheo Copyright should be there, but limited to 5 years. This is the period where an idea can be remarkable enough to be superior to regular competition. After that you are just blocking progress. Earning money is important. Providing progress is much more valuable. Your idea was also only possible through the community and provided common infrastructure that you built it on.

@danilooliveira6580 4 года назад

its... complicated, its fair to hold the patent of something you created, its fair that you are rewarded for it. but sometime it just slows down progress. what is the right thing to do I wonder ? maybe the government should buy patents and make it free if enough companies ask for it ? maybe prohibit the owner of the patent from impeding the use of the patent, and instead get him a percentage of the revenue made by other people from using it ?

@devalopr 4 года назад

7:27 Note that the unsupported "overhang condition" shown there *never* happens in an SLM 3D printer. If the model has an overhang, *support structures* are printed underneath. Only a small layer of powder with fused powder underneath is melted by the laser.

@Fraknoff 4 года назад

True and even if the overhang angle varies with material and parameters, no support structure is often quite dangerous for your production batch and your recoater :p

@Skipp3rBuds 3 года назад

A lot of greatly explained topics that helped me remember some of my material science class this semester. Thank you!

@jeffaragon444 Месяц назад

This channel is an amazing source of knowledge. Thank you. As a 2nd year MEchE I appreciate this series and it gives me motivation to keep on.

@TawniiDareeT 4 года назад

6:00 into the Y axis and into the Y axis lol

@RichardCranium321 4 года назад

@RichardCranium321 3 года назад

@@DEL8TE I also earned my current screen name from the engineers. Except they didn't use the politically correct version. 😉

@RichardCranium321 3 года назад

@@doge_fish4820 🙏

@RichardCranium321 3 года назад

@@DEL8TE oh yea - deep inside joke... 😂

@edgeeffect 2 года назад

That was a really good video. You see so much about 3d printing by people who don't really know what they're talking about.... this is a nice concise introduction to what difficulties exist at the moment and how we might get over them.... fantastic.

@Paul_Bearden 4 месяца назад

The loose powder overhang problem will be solved by shortening the pulse times of the laser, this will form a more uniform melting structure. Also, the powder should be prepared with some sort of binding agent and compressed prior to melting with the laser. Like a flux of some sort, or compression of the powder may be enough.

@charleswarwick4849 4 года назад

I've done a fair amount of plastic 3d printing and the metal really opens up so many options. The concept of grain structure in the metal is fascinating to think about and I'll be curious to see how they mitigate future issues.

@dominikpalusz9221 4 года назад

I'm currently doing my first assignment in collage about additive manufacturing and all the various processes available to manufacturers. I just thought that it was a nice coincidence that this video came up. I'm loving the content. Thank you!

@kruzihbv 4 года назад

I always considered 3d printing as an alternative to casting. I've done a lot of work for oil and gas (machining extremely low volume cast impellers mostly), and the sheer number of jobs that had top go back for welding due to porosity or were scrapped outright because porosity appeared on finishing cuts is phenomenal. Add to that the setup cost of producing the patterns for casting i think 3d printing is a very viable alternative. I'd regularly get jobs where unimportant faces and diameters (the shrouds, o/d and the hub face used for the sprue) were cast with 20mm, 50mm and 150mm of metal on them (respectively) for absolutely no reason. being able to print the part leaving 1mm on the tolerance'd diameters and faces would have been a godsend. The money doesn't stop being saved there - the parts would require minimal balancing and fettling after machining.. I can't believe no one has jumped on this area.

@Jorn6460 4 года назад

In writing my bachelor thesis on the subject of metal 3D printing (of High Entropy Alloys) and I have watched this video many times for guidance. Literally on the first day and on the last day of my project. Thank you

@neillenhart6838 4 года назад

Big shoutout to the engineers and artists who design and draw out schematics and aviation block, instillation, and electrical wiring drawings/diagrams. You guys are the real hero’s for making something so complex easy to read for an A&P mechanic such as myself.

@prathameshdusane2619 4 года назад

11:34, the GE Catalyst™, We test the engine, our team handles data acquisition and control systems of the engine.

@GerardHammond 4 года назад

Well done with this beautifully done and substantial, in-depth scientific topic. A great video. Congrats

@lucasmatas1361 4 года назад

Amazing video! You were the only one who could respond for some of my doubts on metal 3d printing and if i really want to be a mechanical engineer 😁

@akenero3369 4 года назад

I'm planning on going into mechanical engineering in a while, I absolutely love your channel, it's so great to hear about all of these in depth showcases on technology

@qwertyasdfghjkl9604 4 года назад

Watch practical things, how it's done in the machine shops. Starting with classic manual and the CNC stuff. A lot of it on RU-vid.

@QandL3news 4 года назад

I’ve been waiting for a video like this for a while! I just graduated this May in mechanical engineering and now work at Oak Ridge National Laboratory working with metal additive manufacturing (EBM), pretty cool stuff and I love being part of it!

@wxyz885 4 года назад

That's great, congratulations. ORNL-MDF does some of the best work in Metal AM processing, esp. their ground-breaking research on localized melt scan strategies for site-specific grain size/orientation control.

@MeepChangeling 3 года назад

Resin printing is now fast enough to work as an economy of scale. We can make a 4 inch tall resin part in ~7 minutes, and with resin printing, only the height matters for print speed. So you could have a 100 squair foot platform making 1000s of smaller parts at once and get like 2k parts per 7 minutes. This is prefect for miniture models, and small things like phone stands, cable jack "selves" and other things of that nature.

@6miler 3 года назад

Really cool I can see its potential. The laser idea is really neat and the close-ups of it reminded me of when you get porosity in your welds when there's contaminants such as the atmosphere, dirt, oxidation, scale etc. I wonder if a shielding gas or some sort of flux or both would improve the laser welds.

@kyleburns9439 4 года назад

I’m currently working on my senior design project involving 3D printing brake calipers for my school’s Baja car- wish this video had come out earlier in my research cycle! Haha

@joemiskell4849 4 года назад

Just started my MSc in metal additive manufacturing! Learnt almost as much from this video as our first week of lectures..

@SteinyBoy2013 4 года назад

What university? I have a bsme and took a class in AM. Want to get an MSc

@joemiskell4849 4 года назад

@@SteinyBoy2013 Cranfield University, would recommend!

@isse93Z 4 года назад

You can melt the powder by electron beams instead of laser. Main advantages are more efficient melting since the kinetic energy of the electrons hitting the powder particles are more efficient than lasers since the laser is dependant of reflectivity of said powder. Also with electron beam melting you have much better control of the energy source, with lasers any movement is restricted by mechanical movement of glass that reflects the laser in a coordinate system, electron beam is instead controlled by magnetic coils which can be manipulated orders of magnitude faster since you dont depend on mechinal movement of parts. But the two different methods complement each other☺️

@Messerschmidt_Me-262 3 года назад

6:00 Plotting everything on the Y axis.... Seems prefect to me!

@EngineeringEspy 4 года назад

This was so well done. Your knowledge in all these fields is amazing.

@DistortedMatt 4 года назад

Wow, I am a Materials Engineer and looking into additive manufacturing and this video is great for an introduction! Thank you Real Engineering for putting a spotlight on us less represented engineers :)

@killman369547 2 года назад

Nice. Have you tried experimenting using a standard MIG welder head on a 3d printer? I think it might have better results than laser sintering.

@zpe1200 4 года назад

One of the best videos I've seen on youtube. Well done.

@Ribbon_13 4 года назад

Ive actually done a lot on 3d printed metal for college its amazing what you can do with the design shapes the main problem still material that isnt used after a certain amount of prints goes bad and yes they do fail a lot sooner machining strengthens the material while printing does not it also takes a lot of surface work to get these parts to a machined finish. For those of you who haven't touched a piece before it feels like very high grit sandpaper. You can rub your finger across it and feel the imperfections. Its different then grain lines though as the material is "welded" together (note they arent welded in the tradition sense they are more or less almost melted together but just barely in a process called cintering(god I hope I spelt that right)) so just like any weld there is a weak point but each individual particle of dust has these welds unless it a hollow design with more powder inside to add some weight and rigidity while cutting down print time. There is alot of stuff not covered in this video but thats because its a 15min video and not the days of material I had to learn and it covers a lot but yes most parts are limited to mainly prototypes due to the problem of breaking with stress higher but the technology has come a long way recently a concept I saw while writing a paper once was about like a traditional 3d printer designed and not the laser style with a heated wire being just hot enough to print but on a floating bed(does not connect to the bed to the effect of something super hot not touching something super cold I just woke up sorry) while being cool I dont see it working as it would be trying to be like a cast piece without casting it. Im going to stop typing now before a do a whole paper in the RU-vid comments.

@45obiwan 4 года назад

Metallurgy and programming in a new area of study, that's almost enough to bring me out of retirement. Great Video!

@mecheethz 4 года назад

3:18 Injection molded tampon applicator. I wonder if he knew what that was when he placed it in the video.

@muchozolf 4 года назад

I bet he didn't. That thing looks dangerous!

@mvmlego1212 4 года назад

"Nope"

@PhilJonesIII 4 года назад

One of the big tampon manufacturers started production using cigar-wrapping machines.

@Jmaug 4 года назад

I literally came into the comments to find this comment 😂🤣😂🤣 I was thinking the exact same thing....

@travisk5589 3 года назад

I came to the comments looking for this also. I got past that part of the vid and my brain said, "Wait. Was that a fucking tampon inserter?" I wonder if any women noticed it? Do women watch these vids?

@Xyles7 4 года назад

Great video! I am currently writing about the chances and limits of 3D Printing for an university project and your video gave me a nice starting point. I also appreciate the effort to link the sources only few do that properly on youtube...

@StephenGillie 4 года назад

This video is great for investors! It doesn't bother with specific details, reuses footage for different concepts, and has a really upbeat tone about potential problems.

@williamkwl6153 4 года назад

One day we shall 3D print the item we order from ebay

@RichardCranium321 4 года назад

They already have accounts that just sell files to upload for 3d printers... the future is here

@rejectedopinions 4 года назад

Thingiverse?

@RichardCranium321 4 года назад

@aida bach are you sure youre on the right thread?

@_Abjuranax_ 4 года назад

NASA is already 3D printing designs in space, instead of sending up tools and parts to them.

@RichardCranium321 4 года назад

@@_Abjuranax_ they pioneered the first truly reusable filament but they had a problem figuring out nozzles, trays, and distance from workpiece. When they first started, they were having trouble getting the material to flow to the part due to microgravity environment

@Scott_C 3 года назад

3:19 love the choice of a tampon for your example of an injection molded part.

@aerokhoa 3 года назад

Thank you very much for an interesting and delightful video that has so much to learn from. Just one minor thing that needed to be revised: at 10:38 the columnar grains grow following the cooling direction, albeit it also can be affected by the laser scanning direction, yet it is the cooling direction that matters the most. Cheers guys, one more subscription!

@thesral96 4 года назад

5:56 Both on the Y-axis?

@Tosti3 4 года назад

4:46 How does that guy still has his eyes?

@chrisc1140 4 года назад

His eyes are mostly metal at this point, meaning they are now metal *proof.* It's a flawless strategy.

@KarlBunker 4 года назад

Yeah. I was wondering if this scene was staged for a stock footage company, and the guy, being a model rather than a real technician, didn't know any better.

@MervynPartin 4 года назад

I was going to comment on that as well as it was rather ironic that the commentary at that point said "Thousands of years of experience"

@farifurido 4 года назад

metal man

@angryoldcanadian3905 4 года назад

Instant writeup at my company. Goggles and face shield necessary. Eye injuries are the #1 thing I see at my work... and its because people don't follow basic safety procedures.

@gendoslice5971 3 месяца назад

My moms dad had like 20 patents based off his material engineering knowledge, he would be so impressed with the world today.

@PedroRafael 4 года назад

Thank you for this enlightening video. I thought metal printing was more perfect than what I've realized now. I see there's a lot still to perfect and improve.

@jonathanmatthews4774 4 года назад

This was a fascinating look into 3D printing. I had no idea of these challenges.

@wyattb3138 4 года назад

Jonathan Matthews, same.

@comentadorsincero8315 4 года назад

Literally taking an engineering materials exam in two days... Good summary

@JohnyPatrick 10 месяцев назад

It is amazing as this video is so valuable. Kudos to you for putting this 3 years back. That's amazing! There is a new technology that almost does not use even heat to lay down parts with 99% metal in liquid form and gets baked and 1% water to keep it in that liquid form and uses ceramic for supports and it would be very interesting to see how accuracy plays with that type of 3d printing.

@abdulraf1414 3 года назад

the course is very important in the science of Dental prosthodontics, as printing would eventually replaces casting as the the comes

@ezraprice6709 4 года назад

Very exited to see the company I work for in a real engineering video!

@liljashy1463 Год назад

Can you do an updated video on this with all the recent advancements in metal AM?

@miikalehtimaki1136 4 года назад

Very interesting video. I've been wondering this very issue for a while, thank you for quality content once again!

@zacheray 4 года назад

Your thumbnails and footage are soooo on point

@Miamcoline 3 года назад

I've actually always wanted to know how 3D printing could possibly be done with non-plastic materials (metals, organic material) and how practical it was. Sorry to hear its not practical yet despite massive advances but a super interesting video and topic. Well done!

@Slouworker Год назад

There are small SLS systems for workshops now available for around the price of a good industrial tig welding machine

@Josh.1234 Год назад

So this is from 3 years ago so I would take it with a grain of salt.. 3d printed metal is being used in aerospace applications and Bugatti's. SpaceX is printing their rocket nozzles. I would say some advancement has occurred or this guy didn't know the capability's of the tech. Honestly Spacex was probably doing this printing 3 years ago when testing it for the engine builds.

@Chitransh_Singh 4 года назад

It will take time but we can perfect 3D printing just like forging.

@HuntingTarg 4 года назад

I concur; laser/electronic deposition and compounding is an infant compared to the trade of metalworking; I forsee a synthesis of the two as our industrial knowledge base in this area grows, as each approach does things the other cannot. Perhaps eventually we will have 3D printers able to make other (same or different) 3D printers or assemblies of such; *_then_* things will take off!

@ef7388 4 года назад

My new FAVORITE CHANNEL! Excellent Fact vs Time ratio.

@The.Talent 4 года назад

I literally just finished my Materials and Manufacturing course last week where I did a 3000 word report on Metallic 3D Printing in the Aerospace Industry. This video would have given me about 10 more avenues of research to pursue than the few I actually included in my report, though it was only 3k words so it kind of had to be quite succinct. Either way, scored 96% on the assignment.

@lidarman2 4 года назад

I plead guilty for the first 30 seconds of this video. That cracked me up.

@knightshousegames 4 года назад

4:45 "I mean, this 'iron' stuff sounds like it has a lot of potential, but we already know how to work bronze, why would we bother learning an entirely new process when the old one works so well?"

@marc_frank 3 года назад

😂 bronze actually still has it's uses today it has a good balance between corrosion resistance, strenght and price used for boat building

@JoeyBlogs007 11 месяцев назад

3:40 Another factor is part complexity which has a greater impact on cost for traditional manufacturing Vs 3D printing. This can't be overlooked.

@halonothing1 4 года назад

I could see this being really useful for making new types of tools and machins for assembly line and manufacturing processes that traditional methods wouldn't be able to. If it's a low stress application or they get better strength from the materials.

@doodskie999 4 года назад

Wish 3d metal printing would evolve to almost perfection. The applications are endless.

@BillAnt 2 года назад

Indeed, but first they have to solve the porosity, shrinkage and strength, then it's good to go.

@RyanKhoo 4 года назад

I am currently a year one mech eng student and this video really spoke to me, am currently doing a paper similar to this so thanks for the references! Lots o reading to do!

@stevec7923 4 года назад

Fascinating presentation. Implications of 3D printing of metals hadn't occurred to me before. Great presentation.

@TheSuicideRacer 3 года назад

I love fixing things and this is an easy fix. A minimum vibration of the powder would prevent both the uneven surface of the material and also prevent the bubbling seen in the X ray film.

@thomasjohnson6808 4 года назад

"A highly efficient rocket engine that operates efficiently." You don't say...

@abdullahmudassir7183 4 года назад

5:55 alternating stress on the y-axis and the number of cycles in the y-axis

@demosteneneacsiu6144 4 года назад

Department of Redundancy Department

@ayuchanayuko 4 года назад

Efficiently at many different altitudes. Pretty much saying its efficient given certain operating parameters.

@65elcamino283 3 года назад

@@demosteneneacsiu6144 was about to comment the same. You beat me to it. Lol

@charadremur333 3 года назад

This is missleading

@fabioteixeira868 4 года назад

Awesome content as always! Just wondering here, since the laser interaction is blowing material away, has anyone tried 3D Metal Printing in a vacuum?

@benjaminmolnar3881 Год назад

Yes, there are two versions of metal 3d printing, Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) shown in the video. Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) uses a laser to melt metal powder in an inert gas chamber (nitrogen or argon). Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion uses an electron beam instead of a laser in a vacuum. I'm more familiar with the LPBF version. Part of the reason you get material blowing away is because the metal powder vaporizes into a gas as it melts. I believe this would still happen with an electron beam. Good idea though!

@mjk9388 4 года назад

Great job on the video! I learned a lot. Love this channel.

@ChaosAura 4 года назад

as a machinist, I laughed so hard at the start. Thank you so much for realizing the issue so many enginerds have.

@jona7344 4 года назад

Brilliant Video. Like always.

@benheinz8817 4 года назад

Leave now, please.

@BaronParabola 4 года назад

Thoughts on Friction Stair Welding?

@yuanyeliu985 4 года назад

Very good and informative video! Another issue these days additive manufacture facing is the metrology, especially in-situ metrology with powerder bed.

@davidstevens8417 4 года назад

Outstanding guide to 3D printing ,many thanks

@sharlq1land 4 года назад

could u make a video about 3D resin printing

@tarun7539 4 года назад

"Perts"

@aaaz6705 4 года назад

I thought at first he said parrots

@tuukkajarvela9258 4 года назад

Pärt wit the meteriäl

@rixbuilds7903 3 года назад

I thought he said pirates lol

@janmelldugenio7774 3 года назад

it's the Irish accent. :)

@DavidGreen-yz6ws 3 года назад

Zoundid raht tuh me.

@zoolookers 4 года назад

I highly recommend looking up the 3D metal printed bridge being installed in Amsterdam. It is currently at our university and it is incredible!

@zacharynolan9553 Год назад

I research SLM printing Metal Matrix composites and also Cold Spray AM techniques. Great video 👍🏼

@makatron 4 года назад

4:46 that guy sure will need to 3D print some camera eye replacements soon 🤔

@deusexaethera 3 года назад

Nope. The sparks are flying away from him, and the return side of the sanding belt is long enough that any sparks following the path of the belt will get stripped away by airflow before the belt makes another pass.

@mortkebab2849 4 года назад

"the magnitude of the alternating stress on the Y-axis and the number of cycles it survived on the y-axis" What?

@Toolmamon 3 года назад

Yeah! I caught that too! LOL

@hiperformance71 4 года назад

Congratulations! A very well explained video even for a non engineer like me (but with a very basic knowledge of engineering studied about 27 years ago).

@evgenyshivanov3455 4 года назад

i think this is the future i work in a company as a practical engineer that printing drill bits that is really cool process !! thanks for the video !

@sammndl9592 4 года назад

FINALLY, I SAW SOMETHING ON RU-vid RELATED TO BY COLLEGE MAJOR - PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING. MY LIFE'S NOT A JOKE! ( IIT ROORKEE, BATCH OF '22)

@zequijusti 4 года назад

11:11 The scan strategy of the Windows calculator

@TheMagicOtis 3 года назад

I did this topic for my final year project of my degree, and just after 5 years I saw your video, I realized some contents I wrote in my analysis section is totally bullshit. Thanks a lot for making this video. I don't know if I have the courage to go to further research or industry related to this field but I'm well motivated again.

@parallaxe5394 4 года назад

Hello. I'm happy to see that this is not another blind praise of 3d printing as can be found all over the place. Objective and fair evaluation of the current technology. We will see if 3d printing has the potential to evolve to a point that it can become a major pillar of construction in the future. I would hope so as we are in dire need of improved process technology. Besides that I think you explained some of the main problems in a way most people can understand which is not easy. Good work and thumbs up.