The most powerful objection to my views on the Gospel of Jesus considered 

I've followed your speaker's corner debates over some years. I've witnessed what I perceive to be unfair criticism by certain members of the Hyde Park " Tribe" and your exit from that forum has presented you with the opportunity to showcase , what I believe, is your true calling. These lectures, albeit short, are brilliant in it's delivery and content. This is the real you Paul...stick with it.....this is scholarly enough to be presented in a more formal setting. I will be the first to sign up for the course......Loving it....Greetings from South Africa.

The world needs more poeple like you brother . Thank you for spreading the knowledge.

I firmly believe that the concept of bid’ah in Islam has safe guarded it from such excursions into new ideologies and practices, despite some groups still deviating from the central themes of Islam.

We need many people like you thanks for sharing your vast knowledge with us!

Indeed you are doing historical and immensely important work for truth and the salvation of mankind brother Paul. Allah guide and bless your efforts. 🤲🏿

Lovin' your sharing knowledge! Keep it up! Salam from Indonesia 🙏!

You’re a legend!! Your work and effort is much appreciated!! Thank you for spreading the knowledge about Islam May Allah bless you and reward you with his mercy and blessings ☪️🤗

Dr Lawrence Brown writes.... "Despite all the evidence to the contrary, many Christians believe that the New Testament is the unadulterated word of God. Even Paul refuted this claim in 1 Corinthians 7:12: “But to the rest I, not the Lord, say . . .”-indicating that what follows was from him, and not from God.

I really hope In Shaa Allah that your channel grows more. We need you, you're a great influencer of a man who uses his reasons/brain!

God bless you brother ❤

The upper room when Jesus visited the apostle is the most telling statement. He handle me and see He ate to show he is still alive. I been watching you since ever. Good man! May you always be guided.

Paul exposing Paul... keep up the fantastic work sir 👏🏽

I love your lectures.Thank you.Beneficial knowledge.♥️

Salaamun'alaikum from Malaysia 🇲🇾❣️💙 to the world 🌎🌍

Discovered your old videos, I learn a lot. Captivating. Thank you, brother. May Allah rewards you abundantly and gathers us (muslims) in His jannah

Your study, research and selfless forthcoming imho is simply inspiring sir. Thank you.

Thanks brother paul u are leading people to straight path of believers

excellent 🙏🙏🙏 that was my suspicion about the eucharist bc as far as i can remember of these early christian texts all the other gospels outside the pauline canon never mentioned not even once about the eucharist 👍👌👌👌👋😎🙏 i'm glad finally someone also pay a similar attention to this important topic which even escapes prof ehrman's attention all this time

You’re spot on brother Paul.God is not going to send anymore prophets instead God will choose men among men to undo the mistakes and put it in right . You are one of the chosen ones who will do it right.God bless you!!!👋❤️

Thank you for all the comparative study.

Powerful observations, much appreciated...

Dunn has done a lot of eisegesis (reading his own thoughts into the text) as he has very often done. Paul did meet Peter and James (adelfon of the Lord), as you can see from Galatians 1:18-19

From everything you have taught me about paul through several videos I will say he sounds like he was a real SOB. I picture him as like a business owner that does not care for the truth but who's only focus is on building the largest new religion

Thank you Paul . I am a retired man and having all the time listening to your beautiful lectures. I only wish these lectures can be translated into French and Arabic audio translation that is not subtitled. With your permission I can try with a professional company to do it if I find one.

Really a very important information making matters very clear. Which were not so clear until your simple portrayal of the events.

Just one point that could make a continuity for this video ...is there any pagan origins for what Paul was taking as a vision ? Because if it's the case it may explain a lot of things that his was telling ...I don't think he invited all this. Thank you so much brother for all the great work you are doing..may Allah grant you paradise. Peace and love from France

I love how you mentioned “new covenant” tongue and cheek. Isaiah talks about a new covenant so the idea of a new covenant was very much so a possibility and known. After Paul says he received his revelation from God, he spent 15 days with Peter and James. Wouldn’t they have corrected him? Maybe not, but after 14 years of preaching all of his teachings he went back and checked with Peter, James, and John and he says “they added nothing to me”. So again, wouldn’t they have corrected him? If Paul was so wrong and Peter and James were preaching such a different gospel, wouldn’t they fight Paul about it? Twice?

The simpilicity in and ddescrition of the process of editing leading to the Creation of the Christian church by Paul . How clearer can you be . Tqvm .

Respect to you sir. I do like your videos. Only one request. If you can boost the mic a bit, sir. Thanks

Vote: Why did Paul lie? 1. as a Roman agent attempting to divide early Christian followers; 2. blinded by God to further delude him (and misguide those who chose to be misguided while they could follow the disciples themselves) 3. saw a future in new movement and desired early prominence. 4. A lot of people wrote in his name.

Really love ur work . recently I have also been interested in early church teachings I wonder if ur planning to make video them too cause I am really looking forward to it ✨

Had Jesus Christ peace and blessings be upon him been on earth, he would have shaked hands with you for reviving his original doctrine AlTawhid that was completely changed by Paul the false apostle. Paul the truthful tries to save people's souls from hell and to insert them in God's mercy and kingdom in as much as Paul the apostle did quite the opposite. Had true prophet Muhammad peace and blessings be upon him not come with Islam, Jesus' and Muhammad's religion of worshipping one God, the true teachings and commandments of Jesus Christ peace and blessings be upon him would have been buried forever by Paul the false apostle, but God is the greatest. Thank you brother Paul for opening people's eyes to the truth. May God bless you and reward you with safety and paradise of this life and the Hereafter, too.

Aslaam u aalykum Paul May Allah bless you in both worlds. bit of a deep question and i kindly ask are matthew mark luke john post Paul??? Which works in the new testament are considered “Paulian” because from my limited knowledge non of the chapters are named after him Really loving your works bdw really making me think

Thank you brother, nice video but the sound of some of video audio is low

Happy new year.

Assalaamu Alaykum Paul, There was a pretty long article in either US News & World Report or Newsweek magazine regarding a conference of 50 leaders of different Christian denominations held somewhere in MidWest (US) in 1970's (Arkansas seems to ring a bell but I am not sure). They had gone over letter for letter, word fir word, sentence for sentence of the Christian bible and established that: A. 82% of Gospels have nothing to do with Jesus. B. 17% Jesus may or may not have said or done. C. 1%, for certain, Jesus did do or said. I don't know if you have access to research that conference. It will be great if you can find that article.

1 Corinthians 7:25-26 records Paul as having written, “Now concerning virgins: I have no commandment from the Lord; yet I give judgment as one whom the Lord in His mercy has made trustworthy. I suppose therefore that this is good because of the present distress . . .” (italics mine). 2 Corinthians 11:17 reads, “What I speak, I speak not according to the Lord, but as it were, foolishly . . .” Again, does anybody believe that God talks like this? Paul admitted that he answered without guidance from God and without divine authority, and that he personally believed himself to be divinely trustworthy in one case but speaking foolishly in the other. Paul justified his presumption of authority with the words, “according to my judgment-and I think I also have the Spirit of God” (1 Corinthians 7:40).

I think you need to give some talks, 1-2 hr talks, to give detailed information about the evolution of the corruption of the original message of Isa, and leave a legacy, for you to profit, in the hereafter. We all need to leave behind a legacy that will be of benefit to us,.

Turn your volume up.

As for Paul teaching his own message he does say in what is perhaps that most important pericope or 1cor 15:3 ff That he is teaching what he received from the believing community reciting a well established formula. Paul is famous or notorious for shifting his argument and he does not see revelation from Christ and what he received from others as exclusive.

Can you do a video on why they Wanted to change, and where they got this story from

MashaAllah ... the atoning sacrificial death of Jesus on the cross is the cornerstone of the New Testament that opposes the teachings of Muhammad - not the Trinity. Thank you dear fellow for providing the most convincing explanation of how this anti-Jewish-Scripture belief crept into Christianity that I've heard. And thankyou for providing a scholarly approach.

What we know as Christianity has less to do with Christ and more with Paul!

Very interesting. Did you make a mistake at one stage and mix up paul and peter. I may have misheard.

I too have come to accept a certain "alternative view" of Jesus the man and Christ, the Universal Spirit of Divine Love and Mercy itself, the third aspect of the Trinity. I also have come to understand the Jewish and Islamic view that seeing Jesus as "God" contains a certain blaspheme. One very interesting source of information on the life of Jesus for me has been "The Aquarian Gospel of Jesus, the Christ," another has been the Edgar Cayce readings. I have also studied Taoism with its construct of Trinity in the formation of the Universe. It is gratifying to see that many who also strive to be "Followers of the Way" (the name of the earliest followers of Jesus) have come to accept many of the points of theology this gentleman articulates. I personally believe in reincarnation and have come to see the man Jesus as one who had attained to such a high level of Christ Consciousness in past lives that he was actually "Christed" in his last incarnation and thus able to perform his last great miracle, the resurrection of his physical body, confirmed by the Shroud of Turin.

Please hold the book in front of the camera so that viewers can see the name of the book and name of author. I could not read when you hold the book. Too brief and too low .

I wanted to bring your attention to the actual meal which Christ عليه السلام had with his disciples. Remember that at the end of Surah, the Table in the Qur'an Allah mentioned the Banquetht which Christ had under the request of his followers. So, I can say that Banquetht's story was narrated by Christ's disciples and then Paul distorted it.

May be Sir, when you read a text from a book, you can quote it on a slide, and show us to read. Thank you.

In some country they say : A lunatic threw a stone into a well; a thousand clear-headed could not get it out. They must have been thinking of Paul (not to be confused with the gentleman in this video.)

Hello Paul, love your new channel! Just subscribed. Can you do more videos detailing the difference between the teachings of Jesus and Paul? I find the topic such an obvious contradiction. Thank you!

How many different visions, and how frequently did Paul have them? How long was the vision on the road to Damascus?

Thank you Paul brilliant as usual. But I have a question: christians always when debating or explaining say Paul said James said Luke said etc... but where's the Gospel Injeel that Allah revealed to Jesus peace be upon him? just like the holy Quran directly from God to Muhammad peace be upon him. ( of course through Gabriel the mighty angel.

would you be so kind as to provide these lost gospels or how can we know the historical Jesus.

You dont miss a trick! Yes i agree that Dunne s argument is strong. The idea that Paul institued the Eucharist is stunning. I am not convinced. In the first place Paul is commenting on an established practice. Luke comments on the breaking of bread and there is the reflection of John. But this does not undermine the argument one can say Paul is giving it his own twist which then becomes established on the other hand i think it can be explained in terms of the theology of the synoptics of Jesus the lamb if God. A theme also found in Revelation.

Alhamdulillah. Excellent video. It seems like Paul wanted to preach and establish his version of Christianity and as you mentioned Christians in the areas of the Churches where Paul sent his letters had an influence on Christianity as we know it today. However, I am still confused about his vision on the road to Damascus as to whether he made it up or totally misinterpreted the vision.

Very interesting, referencing is appropriate.

I couldn’t begin to thank you enough for your enlightening and thoughtful vlogs. And I couldn’t agree more with almost everything you present. I have one question, though. As someone who has obviously studied the Quran, don’t you think that Surah Al-Ma’idah is a direct reference to Jesus last supper with his disciples despite the absence of the sacrificial reference? For I have come to believe that Jesus probably had this last meeting with his disciples one last time before he was risen by God to heaven.

As well as Paul's visions and 'revelations' from his Jesus, it should not be forgotten how Paul may have fashioned his Jesus by scrutinizing (and reading into) the Jewish Scriptures. I believe this is what he did for three years, having fled to Arabia after his 'conversion' experience. I have heard at least one Bible scholar (I can't remember who, it was a while ago) point to what appear to be references to Luke's Gospel in Paul's letters (thereby suggesting a very early date for his gospel), when really it seems far more plausible that 'Luke' took stories (and possibly some letters?) of Paul as source material for his Gospel and book of Acts. So much of the life of the Biblical Jesus is pure anachronism! I'm sure there are echoes of Jesus' own Gospel in there, but it takes a great deal of work to separate the wheat from the chaff.

Last Supper are the strory in Al Maidah 112-114. When the disciples of Jesus ask for table spread of food from heaven.

What if the apocryphal biblical texts were the true texts?

Is that its just me alone who find it not audible enough... please chek...

Paul may have invented the tradition concerning the Eucharist - with or without divine assistance. There's no doubt, of course, the historical Jesus celebrated the Passover meal. So that would be historical. What we're claiming here is that its salvic associations are false, contrived or unhistorical. The implication being that Christians assume (RC in particular) performance of this mystical rite is in itself efficacious for salvation. It is a naive belief at best. Potentially wrong. But it's not a deal breaker. People still find their way to God regardless. Let's face it: every sign post is misleading if we set off with a wrong orientation.

Pauly, Good to see you brother. I hope you and youre family doing will. Love and respect from NJ. Keep the good work. So according to the bible jesus did have his own Ingel as the quran claim ?

Mr Paul, your explanation started well , but has ended flat .You can continue being the leader of the blind of which both the leader and the followers will fall in the pit.

then who wrote it?? Matthew 5:17 "Do not think that I have come to abolish the “Law or the “Prophets”; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill 🤷‍♂️🤷‍♂️🤷‍♂️🤷‍♂️

Here is something to think about! Is it possible that Iblease came to Paul in the so called vision portraying Jesus (pbuh) to alter the holy Bible causing him to go astray?

Christian depend their salvation entirely on the saying of Paul who never met Jesus and whose teachings goes against what son of Mary Jesus said

Just a question to the presenter; excellent and informative videos as always. What are your thoughts about the Quranic reference in Surah al-Maida to the table spread that Jesus's Disciples requested to be send down? Verses 112 and 113. "When the disciples said: O Jesus, son of Mary! Is your Lord able to send down for us a table spread with food from heaven? He said: Reverence God, if you are true believers. They said: We desire that we should eat from it and that our hearts may be at peace, and that we may know that you have indeed spoken the truth to us and that we may be of among the witnesses to it." Thank you for considering this.

From Huntington Beach, CA Salam brother Paul, I noticed you audio recording level way below standard audio level. As I'm using bluetooth speaker, in the middle of video when advertisements hits very loud and very disturbing for my hearing. Please fix audio issues at your earliest convenience. Thank you.

Excuse the question of an outsider, but I'd always been under the impression that the last supper was the Passover meal. If true, what's all this discussion about a loaf of bread? On Passover, Jews eat matzah (unleavened bread), which definitely doesn't come in the form of loaves.

(Faith is required to be born again/Christ death for bodily resurrection-First/Old and New Testament)

I agree with your brilliant distinction between the Gospel of Jesus and the Gospel of Paul. However, I think that the case of Paul is much more complex than it seems. It's possible that Paul once had a particular kind of experience or vision. Yet, most of the time, he seems to be creating stories to address urgent problems arising in his churches and against his leadership. For example, in I Thessalonians, it's clear that he invented the entire narrative of the imminent end of the world because people were dying and the impending end, as announced by Paul, did not materialize. Consequently, he altered the narrative, bolstering the source of his authority with his personal connection to Jesus. The situation with the Corinthians was similar: the reason Paul devised the story of having a revelation before the Eucharist is that the Lord's Supper was degenerating into a Gentile orgy. Once again, Paul restored order by invoking his authority, claiming, "The Lord told me this."

Mark 14:22-26 'And as they did eat, Jesus took bread 🍞, and blessed, and brake it, and gave to them, and said, Take, eat: this is my body. And he took the cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave it to them: and they drank of it. And he said into them, this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many. Verily I say unto you, I will drink no more of the fruit of the vine, until that day that I drink it new in the kingdom of God. And when they had sung an hymn, they went out into the mount Olive. The passage above is what Christians are still practicing today, which is called the Lord Supper. Paul the apostle did not establish the Lord supper, but the Lord himself. There are other passages in the other gospels on the last supper, which I deliberately left out because the blogger claimed the other gospels were copied from the gospel of Mark. It's wrong for the blogger to deliberately leave out this portion from his argument and concentrate on Paul's vision in other to crucify him. That's not academic, but apologetic. Until Paul (the blogger) admits he is an Islamic apologist, I will continue to take him as a deceiver, who is trying to hide behind a finger.

On sacrifice. Have you read the the epistle to the Hebrews ? (not written by Paul)

Salam paul from Philippines living in Qatar. Is there any way you can improve the sound.

I wish that at the end you had made a parallel to the Islamic interpretation of the ‘last supper ‘ found in the Coran in chapter 5 ‘el Maïda’ .

What I'm thinking about Paul (the Apotle) is that he smoke a lot of weed.

Just need to check level of sound please as its not as loud as other videos done by vloggers thank

Brother Paul I believe that verses 5:110 to 5:119 may give you some interesting material for your channel. Stay blessed.

Why Paul angry on his followers in Galatians (1:6) because they were hearing and learning different Gospel from others, I think different means nothing but Gospel from Jesus's real disciples James and Peter.

Isaiah 52 13 Behold, my servant shall prosper, he shall be exalted and lifted up, and shall be very high. 14 As many were astonished at him[b]- his appearance was so marred, beyond human semblance, and his form beyond that of the sons of men- 15 so shall he startle[c] many nations; kings shall shut their mouths because of him; for that which has not been told them they shall see, and that which they have not heard they shall understand. Isaiah 53 1 Who has believed what we have heard? And to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed? 2 For he grew up before him like a young plant, and like a root out of dry ground; he had no form or comeliness that we should look at him, and no beauty that we should desire him. 3 He was despised and rejected[a] by men; a man of sorrows,[b] and acquainted with grief;[c] and as one from whom men hide their faces he was despised, and we esteemed him not. 4 Surely he has borne our griefs[d] and carried our sorrows;[e] yet we esteemed him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted. 5 But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities; upon him was the chastisement that made us whole, and with his stripes we are healed. 6 All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the Lord has laid on him the iniquity of us all. 7 He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth; like a lamb that is led to the slaughter, and like a sheep that before its shearers is dumb, so he opened not his mouth. 8 By oppression and judgment he was taken away; and as for his generation, who considered that he was cut off out of the land of the living, stricken for the transgression of my people? 9 And they made his grave with the wicked and with a rich man in his death, although he had done no violence, and there was no deceit in his mouth. 10 Yet it was the will of the Lord to bruise him; he has put him to grief;[f] when he makes himself[g] an offering for sin, he shall see his offspring, he shall prolong his days; the will of the Lord shall prosper in his hand; 11 he shall see the fruit of the travail of his soul and be satisfied; by his knowledge shall the righteous one, my servant, make many to be accounted righteous; and he shall bear their iniquities. 12 Therefore I will divide him a portion with the great, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong; because he poured out his soul to death, and was numbered with the transgressors; yet he bore the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors.

Exactly, Jesus, of house of David, came to confirm the law of Moses, not a new law. So, Paul sets himself up as a false prophet, claiming revelation. A killer of the disciples of Jesus, then corrupts Jesus' message into new law with Jesus worship. Like Buddhism. Like Shi'ism. Paul more likely a Talmudic Jew that condemns Jesus, than of Bani Israel who, like the Muslims, know God is one.

The Quran does mention something similar to the last supper though. Don't know why the Gospel writers other than Paul find it not worth mentioning in clear terms. There was a heavenly meal that Jesus and the apostles indulged in.

2 timothy 3 :13---While evil people and impostors will go on from bad to worse, deceiving and being deceived.😡

Summary of this video: Regarding the Mass, the Eucharist, the holy communion or the Last supper that made Christian believe that the death of Jesus was sacrificial and as new covenant and as an absolute key for salvation and forgiveness of sins, comes from Paul. He claimed he got that through mystical experience in 1corenthians 11:23 Paul himself said he received it from the lord not from the historical Jesus, nor from his disciples, which means a supposed mystical experience. Well, according to James Dunn "and Paul the creator of that tradition certainly did not regard it as having an independent authority" in his book "Unity And Diversity in the New Testament" page 72. In Galatian 1:11 (for I want you to know that the gospel that was proclaimed by me is not from human origin, for I did not receive it from human source nor was I taught it, but I received through a revelation of Jesus Christ" So the second generation included it in the so called "Mark, Matthew and Luke." All NT scholars agree that they were anonymous documents written by non-eye witnesses. They wrote it around 70 AD, 20 years after Paul handed that "tradition" to the Corinthians. Mark, the earlierst gospel, got it from these churches and since scholars (not random "preacher" on youtube) says Matt and Luke copied mark. So Mark is the only source who got it from Paul churches. And after these anonymous gospels circulated, churches started to teach that the death of Jesus was sacrificial. John Gospels is not authority nor considered by scholars as reliable,[ it was written 100 and lately many think the date as far as 150 AD.] Tie this to Paul's claim in Act 26:19 "I was not disobedient to the heavenly vision" referring to his early accounts of of his supposed vision, the King Agrippa said "you are out of your mind Paul too much learning had drived you insane" James Dunn "and Paul the creator of that tradition [of the last supper]certainly did not regard it as having an independent authority" in his book "Unity And Diversity in the New Testament" page 72.

So basically Paul had a vision and start writing and it’s not what is said in the other gospels and now we have a religion based on what this man teach but it’s not what the real Jesus preach I’m I right?

Pontius Pilate releases Jesus Barabbas. (Mark 15:6; Mathew 27:15; John 18:39). Barabbas is derived from Aramaic "son of the father." This is compatible with Quranic view that Jesus Christ was not crucified but the matter was made fuzzy at the time.

Paul seems to be a corruptor of the message of Jesus _par excellence_ . Mr. Williams maybe you should change your Christian (I mean first) name.😊

Paul suffered from Epilepsy and is the most likely hypothesis of his "visions". Interpretation of parts of the Pauline epistles suggests the possibility of facial motor and sensitive disturbances coming after ecstatic seizures" There was no resurrection and no redemption of sin. That was a myth created by Paul. In fact after the death of Jesus, Paul went to Jerusalem and met with Peter and James and he ends up disagreeing and fighting with Peter. Moreover he never quotes Christ. Christanity should be called Paulanity.

Last supper was sent from Allah. Sura 5.

Subhana Rabbi al A'laa. Paul is either deluded, lying or met a devil. Revelation is received by Messengers appointed by the 1 God, and of the Abrahamic religions, the revelations are given to the lineage of Abraham pbuh.

GALATIANS 1 : 6-9 6 I marvel that ye are so soon removed from him that called you into the grace of Christ unto another gospel: 7 Which is not another; but there be some that trouble you, and would pervert the gospel of Christ. 8 But though we, or an angel from heaven, preach any other gospel unto you than that which we have preached unto you, let him be accursed. 9 As we said before, so say I now again, if any man preach any other gospel unto you than that ye have received, let him be accursed. Amen Let it be so.

This is speculation and a stretch in my opinion. I suspect the presenter's arguments would be destroyed in a hypothetical public debate with say Karol Wojtyla, Pope John Paul II, a truly great theologian.

Brother Paul, I invite you to the truth, which is ISLAM. You have a sound knowledge about different religion, and you see already what is the truth. Accept Islam, before it is too late. There is only One God that has right to be worshipped, and nobody else has right to be worshipped = La illaha illlah. The last and final messenger is Muhammed (saw) = Muhammadun rasullullah. NOBODY else has right to be worshipped = NO stones, No idols, No Jesus, No Mary, No sun, No star, No moon, No Budha, No other false dieties. Allah has many names, we as people know only 99 of them. Allah is ALONE, he has NO SON, NO DAUGHTERS, NOBODY, if he wants to create anything, he just say "BE" and it happens.

Paul, are you an Unitarian?

Hi , please increase your voice it is low .

Isn’t last supper in surah Maida?

❣️🌎❤️💚🌍💙👍

For the law having a shadow of good things to come, and not the very image of the things, can never with those sacrifices which they offered year by year continually make the comers thereunto perfect. 2. For then would they not have ceased to be offered? because that the worshippers once purged should have had no more conscience of sins. 3. But in those sacrifices there is a remembrance again made of sins every year. 4. For it is not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins. 5. Wherefore when he cometh into the world, he saith, Sacrifice and offering thou wouldest not, but a body hast thou prepared me: 6. In burnt offerings and sacrifices for sin thou hast had no pleasure. 7. Then said I, Lo, I come (in the volume of the book it is written of me,) to do thy will, O God. 8. Above when he said, Sacrifice and offering and burnt offerings and offering for sin thou wouldest not, neither hadst pleasure therein; which are offered by the law; 9. Then said he, Lo, I come to do thy will, O God. He taketh away the first, that he may establish the second. 10. By the which will we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all.

It is my understanding that you, Paul, have not made your own Shahada.